十月佳節，繽紛多彩

World Festivals in October

金秋十月，清風送爽，正是過節的好時節。世界各地的人們或舉杯痛飲，或飽食美餐，或載歌載舞，或點燃燭火，以各種與眾不同的方式慶祝各自獨具特色的民族節日。下面就隨本文到世界各地與當地人一起共度十月佳節吧！

While the earth is covered in autumnal colors after September』s nature show, October calmly sets in, almost unnoticed it seems. In apensive1)mood energized by the sun and colorfully blanketingonset2)of autumn, the earth quietly prepares for a cycle of cool weather and light rains from the heat of summer.

1. pensive [?pens?v] adj. 冥想的，憂慮的

2. onset [??nset] n. 開始

九月的自然風景秀過後，大地被一派繽紛秋色所籠罩，似乎不知不覺中，十月平靜地登場了。在秋日的陽光和初秋五彩斑斕的景緻共同營造出的引人遐思的氛圍里，大地從夏日的灼熱中靜靜醞釀著一輪涼爽的天氣與一場場細雨。

October announces the coming state of nature with festivities such as the joyful riots of Oktoberfest, when beer flows across theterrains3)of Munich, Germany and elsewhere. Oktoberfest in Munich started in the 1800s when Joseph Maximilian of Bavarian married Princess Therese of Saxony. To commemorate the marriage, he called a certain place 「Therese』s meadow」 to celebrate his wedding with horse races. Horse racing, however, proved to be uninteresting to local Germans and the race tracks instead became a happy gathering point for beer drinkers androwdy4)celebrations. Beer drinking andraucous5)events became such big hits that the usual celebrations and horse races were never again seen. Oktoberfest has been celebrated every year since that year, interrupted only by wars and acholera epidemic6).

3. terrain [t??re?n] n. 地形，地勢

4. rowdy [?ra?di] adj. 喧鬧的

5. raucous [?r??k?s] adj. 喧鬧的，鬧騰的

6. cholera epidemic: 霍亂流行

十月用一系列節慶活動宣告了自然界這些變化的到來，慕尼黑十月啤酒節就是這樣一個狂歡盛會，節日期間，啤酒流動在德國慕尼黑以及其他一些地方的大街小巷。慕尼黑十月啤酒節的起源可追溯到19世紀巴伐利亞公爵約瑟夫·馬克西米利安和薩克森公主特雷莎舉辦婚禮的那個時候。為了慶祝這場婚禮，約瑟夫將一片草地命名為「特雷莎草坪」，並在此地舉辦賽馬為婚禮助興。誰知當地人卻對賽馬提不起興趣，反而把賽馬場當成了一處暢飲啤酒、喧鬧慶祝的歡聚場所。飲酒作樂和盡情喧鬧的活動十分受歡迎，以至於尋常的慶典和賽馬活動從此便不再舉辦。從那時起，當地每年都會慶祝十月啤酒節，期間只因戰爭和霍亂中斷過。

A specialbrew7), stronger than usual, is prepared for Oktoberfest, with other beer brands from all over the world brought to Munich for the affair. Early morning parades, with large decorated horses and colorfully costumed ladies and escorts riding floats, ceremoniously open the event as the Mayor hammers on the bent bronzespout8)of a beerkeg9)with wooden hammer to declare the festival open, careful not to spill any of the brew to gain the respect of the crowd and avoid ridicule. Woodenmega10)tents are set up, and about 70,000 seats are sold to local and foreign tourists, while local breweriesvie11)for a place in the beer hall to sell their beer. Songs and dances with beer mugs on handenliven12)pubs and beer halls. About 7 million folks a year drink about 500,000pitchers13)of beer and eat huge amounts of fried chicken, grilledvenison14)from deer, fish or beef from about 700 cows.

7. brew [bru?] n. 啤酒

8. spout [spa?t] n. 噴嘴，噴口

9. keg [keɡ] n. 小桶

10. mega [?meɡ?] adj. 巨大的

11. vie [va?] vi. 爭，競爭

12. enliven [?n?la?vn] vt. 使有生氣，使活躍

13. pitcher [?p?t??(r)] n. 壺，罐

14. venison [?ven?sn] n. 鹿肉

十月啤酒節有自己專屬的特釀，其酒勁比普通啤酒大；此外，世界各地其他品牌的啤酒也會齊聚慕尼黑，參加這場盛會。盛大的開幕式從清晨的花車巡遊開始，高大的馬匹披掛整齊，花車上的女士和護花使者們也身著鮮艷的節日盛裝；慕尼黑市長用木槌把銅製的水龍頭敲進啤酒木桶，然後宣布十月啤酒節正式開幕。敲水龍頭時，市長得特別小心，一點啤酒都不能濺出來，這樣才能獲得觀眾的尊重，免得被人取笑。人們搭起一頂頂巨大的木棚，木棚中約有七萬個座位供當地居民和外國遊客付費使用。本地的啤酒廠商爭相進駐啤酒棚，銷售自家產品。人們一邊舉杯暢飲，一邊載歌載舞，令酒館與啤酒棚中的氣氛歡快熱烈。每年約有700萬人喝光約50萬罐啤酒，吃掉大量炸雞、烤鹿肉、魚肉或大約700頭牛的牛肉。

In Brazil, during the Cirio de Nazare festival in October, when goods, products, farm crops and fruits are set up in tables at country fairs, candles light up streets and markprocessions15)in rituals. In Vietnam, annual Trung Nguyen or Feast of Hungry Souls is a tradition that dates back ages. In Japan』s Kyoto, Jidai Matsuri in every October is a procession of historical costumes that dates back to the first emperor.

15. procession [pr??se?n] n. 【宗】列隊行進

在巴西，十月份有拿撒勒聖像節。節日期間，人們在鄉村集市上擺好一桌桌的各色商品、農產品、糧食和水果，並點燃一支支蠟燭，讓燭光照亮街道和舉行宗教儀式的人群。在日本的京都，每年十月都要舉行「時代祭」，人們身穿各個時代的服裝列隊遊行，其中最早的甚至可以追溯到首位天皇當政的時代。

Music and the arts are not forgotten in the festivals of October. In Chicago, the birthplace ofjazz, the oldest children s film festival is held. Besides Half Moon Bay Art and the Pumpkin Festival, the Shakespeare festival atBruns Amphitheater16)honoring the literary legend is held in Orinda, California. In Korea, the Paekche cultural festival relives Korean culture and history. Towards the end of October, the US prepares for Halloween, while the Jewish communities celebrate Yum Kippur festival as a period ofatonement17)for sins committed in the past years. In Mexico, the Michoacan people mark Dia de los Muertos on the last day of October, when folks flock to the cemetery to await the homecoming of the spirits of the dead.

16. Bruns Amphitheater: 布倫斯露天劇場，是莎士比亞劇院的表演場地。amphitheater [??mf?θ??t?(r)] n.圓形(露天)劇場

17. atonement [??t??nm?nt] n. 贖罪

在十月的眾多節日中，音樂和藝術並沒有被遺忘。在爵士樂的誕生地芝加哥，人們會舉辦歷史最為悠久的兒童電影節。而在加利福尼亞州，除了半月灣南瓜藝術節之外，奧林達的布倫斯露天劇場還會舉辦向文學巨匠莎士比亞致敬的莎士比亞戲劇節。在韓國，百濟文化節再現了韓國的文化和歷史。臨近十月底，當美國人都在為萬聖節做準備時，猶太人則會過贖罪節，在此期間為往年犯下的過錯懺悔。在墨西哥米卻肯，人們在十月的最後一天迎來亡靈節，成群結隊前往墓地等待亡靈歸家。

In the Philippines, where theBlessed Mary18)is well-loved,October is the month ofOur Lady of the Holy Rosary19), when herfeast20)day isobserved21)in many churches with the praying of the Holy Rosary by devotees and their families. In Manila and Quezon City, processions and church services gather the faithful in thanksgiving for the defense of Manila Bay from Dutch naval invaders in the 17th century. In the rural areas, farmers quietly work on rice fields, bent to harvest golden rice grains, while somerake22)the rice grains to patches of golden carpets alongcemented23)rural highways with hopes that wheels of passing cars and buses will help grind thehusk24)off the grain. In the evenings, farmers then gather to quietly enjoy the golden harvest.

18. Blessed Mary: 聖母馬利亞，耶穌的母親

19. Our Lady of the Holy Rosary: 玫瑰聖母，是聖母馬利亞的一個化身。

20. feast [fi?st] n. 節日(尤指宗教節日)

21. observe [?b?z??v] vt. 慶祝，過(節日、生日等)

22. rake [re?k] vt. 用耙子耙

23. cement [s??ment] vt. 鋪水泥於

24. husk [h?sk] n. 外皮，殼

在聖母馬利亞受到特別尊崇的菲律賓，十月是屬於玫瑰聖母的月份，虔誠的信徒們攜家人到教堂誦讀《玫瑰經》，慶祝屬於她的節日。在馬尼拉和奎松城，信徒們聚在一起，參加列隊遊行和教堂禮拜，感謝玫瑰聖母在17世紀幫助擊退荷蘭海上侵略者，保衛馬尼拉灣。在鄉村地區，農民們在稻田中默默勞作，俯身收割金色的稻穗。在鄉村水泥公路上，有些人用耙子把稻穀鋪成一塊塊金色的地毯，希望藉助過往車輛的碾壓為稻穀脫殼。夜幕降臨後，農民們聚在一起安靜地享受豐收的果實。

From travelsmart.net，譯 / 宋怡秋；本文選自《新東方英語·中學生》雜誌。

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