瑪格南前主席：「我對恐怖主義照片說不！」

就在荷賽頒獎過去3個小時後，評委會主席，瑪格南圖片社前主席斯圖亞特·富蘭克林就在《衛報》首頁社論版上發表了一篇措辭很強烈的署名文章：《這幅恐怖主義的影像不應成為年度圖片，我投了反對票》。影像國際特將本文全文中英對照版收集整理如下。

This image of terror should not be photo of the year – I voted against it

Stuart Franklin

這幅恐怖主義的影像不應成為年度圖片，我投了反對票

斯圖亞特·富蘭克林

黃一凱 / 翻譯

Lee.W / 編輯

On 19 December last year, the Turkish photographer Burhan ?zbilici went to a press conference in an Ankara art gallery. He had been on his way home from the office and only attended by chance. As it happened, the event turned into a murderous spectacle when the Russian ambassador to Turkey, who was delivering a speech, was assassinated.

?zbilici had the composure, bravery and skill to take the photograph that is today named World Press Photo of the Year, the judging of which I chaired. It』s the third time that coverage of an assassination has won this prize, the most famous being the killing of a Vietcong suspect, photographed by Eddie Adams in 1968.

?zbilici』s is an impactful photograph, no doubt. Yet, while I was all for awarding it the spot news prize that it also won, I was strongly opposed to it becoming photo of the year. I narrowly lost the argument. I voted against. Sorry, Burhan. It』s a photograph of a murder, the killer and the slain, both seen in the same picture, and morally as problematic to publish as a terrorist beheading.

去年12月19日，土耳其攝影師布爾汗·奧茲別列茲參加了在安卡拉一家畫廊舉辦的新聞發布會。他原本打算從辦公室回家，只不過是順路經過了那兒。然而，因為俄羅斯駐土耳其大使的出席，卻讓這次活動成為了令世人矚目的謀殺現場。

奧茲別列茲憑著自己的鎮定、勇氣和攝影技巧所拍攝的照片，今天在我作為評委會主席的荷賽當中贏得了年度圖片的稱號。這是關於謀殺現場的照片第三次贏得荷賽年度圖片的頭銜，而之前最著名的一次是1968年艾迪·亞當斯所拍攝的《槍殺越共》。

奧茲別列茲的這幅作品造成了巨大的影響，這一點毋庸置疑。儘管我完全支持他成為年度熱點新聞的冠軍得主，它也不負眾望，但我強烈反對它成為今年的年度照片。雖然我沒能說服其他人，但我還是投了反對票。對不起，布爾汗·奧茲別列茲，這是一幅關於謀殺的照片，兇手和被害者，出現在了同一幅畫面中，公開這樣一張恐怖主義者進行斬首行動的照片從道義上來說是站不住腳的。

Migrants attempt to reach Macedonia from Greece. Photograph:Vadim Ghirda

移民試圖從希臘達到馬其頓。攝影:瓦迪姆·格希達

Unlike the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand in Sarajevo in 1914, the crime had limited political consequences. Placing the photograph on this high pedestal is an invitation to those contemplating such staged spectaculars: it reaffirms the compact between martyrdom and publicity.

This debate』s not new. The Greeks probably started it, nearly two and a half thousand years ago, when Herostratus sought notoriety by torching one of the seven wonders of the world and the judiciary, in response, banned any mention of his name. To be clear, my moral position is not that the well-intentioned photographer should be denied the credit he deserves; rather that I feared we』d be amplifying a terrorist』s message through the additional publicity that the top prize attracts.

和1914年斐迪南大公在薩拉熱窩遇刺不同，這一犯罪行為的政治後果有限。將這樣的照片放在如此之高的地位上，無異於邀請其他人效仿他的行為：這是對以自殺行動換取媒體關注行為的再次肯定。

這是一場由來已久的爭議，也許始於2500多年前的古希臘。赫洛斯塔圖斯為求名垂千古，將世界七大奇蹟之一的阿爾忒彌斯神廟付之一炬，而作為回應，法官們則明令禁止在任何地方提到他的名字。事先聲明，我的道德立場並不認為出於好意的攝影師應該拒絕本屬於他的獎勵，但是我很害怕作品獲獎所引發的額外關注，放大恐怖分子意圖傳遞的信息。

Syrian men carry babies through the rebel-held Salihin neighbourhood of Aleppo. Photograph: Ameer Alhalbi

敘利亞男子通過阿勒頗的叛軍控制薩利欣附近攜帶嬰兒。攝影：阿米爾·奧哈拉比

Photography is capable of real service to humanity, promoting empathy and initiating change. This image achieves neither, although I』m sorry for the victim』s family and those wounded during his killing. Chairing a jury, such as that for World Press Photo, is all about recognising divergent views and accepting the outcome. What I』d like to celebrate here are some of the other photographs from 2016 that won prizes in their categories.

Each juror』s taste differs. Personally, among the 80,000 pictures we were shown, I looked for an empathetic eye. Photographers go to great lengths, often putting their own lives at risk, to report, to break the silence, and to enlighten us through pictures, because they believe they might, just might, inspire change.

攝影的確能服務於人類，它能喚起我們心中的善意，引發世界的變化。但這並不是這幅作品所能做到的，它只能讓我對於遇難者家庭，以及在這場刺殺行為中受傷者的同情。主持評審團，尤其是荷賽這樣的評審團，我的任務是承受不同的意見並且接受最終的結果。但是在這兒，我只想為2016年里在各自類別中獲獎的其它作品叫好。

每個評委都有自己的口味。就我個人來說，在我們看到的所有8萬多張參賽照片中，我希望看到的是那些悲天憫人的作品。攝影師們為了報道現實，打破沉默，通過圖片讓我們了解這個世界，往往置生死於度外。只因為他們相信，他們有可能，僅僅只是有可能，讓這個世界出現一點點變化。

Brent Stirton won first prize in the nature stories category for his image of a dead black rhino bull, poached for its horns less than eight hours earlier at Hluhluwe Umfolozi game reserve, South Africa. Photograph: Brent Stirton

布倫特·斯特頓憑藉他的死黑犀牛照榮獲自然故事類一等獎。這隻犀牛在死前8小時被人在狩獵保護區砍去了牛角，南非。攝影：布倫特·斯特頓

Our role on the jury is to help fulfil the other side of the bargain – and World Press Photo, a charitable foundation, is instrumental in this – to respect photographers』 efforts, to raise the status of photojournalism, and to display it proudly to the world. Exhibitions produced from the prize-winning photographs are held in 45 countries and are seen by 4 million visitors.

Australian photojournalist Daniel Berehulak』s powerful indictment of President Rodrigo Duterte』s merciless anti-drug campaign in the Philippines, documenting 57 homicides in just over a month, is well deserving of first prize in the General News Stories category.

作為評委，我們的角色是幫助他們實現自己的理想——這正是世界新聞攝影協會，作為一家慈善基金會所成立的目的——我們尊重攝影師的努力，致力於提高新聞攝影的地位，並自豪地將其展現在全世界面前。我們用獲獎攝影作品製作的影展在全世界45個國家展出，吸引了400多萬觀眾。

澳大利亞攝影記者丹尼爾·貝雷胡拉克聲討菲律賓總統德里戈·杜特特的殘酷禁毒行動的作品，記錄了其在一個月的時間裡的57起殺人案件，獲得綜合新聞類的一等獎，實至名歸。

Tom Jenkins topped the sports singles category for his picture of jockey Nina Carberry flying off her horse during the Grand National steeplechase. Photograph: Tom Jenkins for the Guardian

湯姆·詹金斯拍攝的在國家馬術跨欄比賽中，騎手妮娜·卡伯里跌落馬背的照片榮獲體育類單幅獎項。攝影：湯姆·詹金斯

While the human cost of conflict is uppermost in most people』s minds, the jury was drawn to tragedy of a different sort. South African photographer Brent Stirton submitted a magisterially depressing photograph of a slaughtered black rhino, part of a series on his country』s 「rhino war」, earning him first prize in the nature stories category.

「You get one chance to get it right and then it』s gone,」 wrote Guardian sports photographer Tom Jenkins, echoing the psychological angst Wim Wenders exploited in his classic 1972 film The Goalkeeper』s Fear of the Penalty. I applaud Jenkins』s virtuosity in winning first prize in the Sports Singles category, in an Olympics year, with his photograph of Irish jockey Nina Carberry』s horse Sir Des Champs careering into the ditch during the 2016 Grand National.

Burhan ?zbilici, an Associated Press staffer from a country where press freedom is constantly under assault, also had one chance. He did his job heroically that evening in Ankara. That』s not in question. But what is controversial is that an image depicting a premeditated murder, staged at a press conference to maximise publicity, is World Press Photo of the Year.

儘管在人們心中，衝突所導致的人員死傷是最重要的，但在評委們看來還有更多的悲劇值得關注。在南非攝影師布倫特·斯蒂爾頓的參賽作品「犀牛戰爭」中，有一張見者落淚的作品——一隻被屠殺的黑犀牛，為他贏得了生態類作品一等獎。

「你曾經有一個機會，卻與它失之交臂。」衛報體育記者湯姆·詹金斯這樣寫道，回應了魏姆·文德斯在其經典作品《守門員的焦慮》中所利用的心理焦慮。詹金斯能在奧運年裡憑藉愛爾蘭騎手尼娜·卡百利在2016英國國家障礙大賽馬中失利的照片贏得體育類冠軍，我為他的努力叫好。

布爾汗·奧茲別列茲，作為美聯社的一員，工作在一個新聞自由不斷受到威脅的國家裡，也面對著這樣的機會。那個夜晚，他勇敢地履行了自己的職責。這一點毋庸置疑。但是，當一名兇手為了讓自己的暴行天下皆知而有意選擇在新聞發布會現場持槍殺人時，記錄這一場景的照片是否能成為世界新聞攝影比賽的年度圖片，很值得我們思考。