10名哈佛新生髮毀三觀表情被開除

美國哈佛大學學報《深紅報》日前報道，至少有10名已經被哈佛大學錄取的新生被取消入學資格，原因是他們在臉書私聊小組中發布涉及種族歧視、兒童虐待等極端言論和圖像。有人質疑學校的做法違反言論自由的精神，但也有人認為三觀都不要了，還有資格談言論自由？元芳，你怎麼看？

At least 10 students lost their chance to attend Harvard College after posting "obscene memes" to a private Facebook chat, the main Harvard student newspaper reported.

據哈佛大學校報報道，至少10名學生因在臉書私聊小組中發布「猥瑣表情」而失去哈佛大學的入學資格。

The memes included jokes about pedophilia, child abuse, sexual assault, and the Holocaust.

這些表情包惡搞的話題涉及戀童癖、虐待兒童、性侵害以及納粹大屠殺。

比如，一個表情包是墨西哥小孩在學校浴室上吊，配文是「皮納塔時刻到了」。

註：皮納塔是一種由裝飾紙、陶土、布料做成的容器，皮納塔遊戲是這麼玩兒的：

GIF/193K

另一張圖片中，一個企鵝站在烤爐旁邊，配上一段對白：「太好了，猶太人快烤好啦！」

The memes were shared as part of a private Facebook chat where admitted students in the class of 2021 shared edgy jokes as part of a "just-because-we-got-into-Harvard-doesn"t-mean-we-can"t-have-fun kind of thing", an admitted student told the Harvard Crimson.

一位被錄取的學生告訴《哈佛深紅報》，這些表情包來自哈佛2021屆學生的臉書私聊小組，他們在這個群組裡分享一些尖酸刻薄的笑話，「被哈佛錄取不代表我們就不能開玩笑」。

The paper quoted a number of students from the incoming class, who had a range of responses, including two who said it was the right approach to withdraw the offers. "I do not know how those offensive images could be defended," one student said.

新生們對此事各持己見，《哈佛深紅報》報道了一些學生的觀點。其中有兩位新生稱取消這些人的入學資格是正確的。一名學生表示，「我不知道他們對這些冒犯無禮的圖片有什麼可辯解的」。

At least two Harvard professors, however, questioned the decision to withdraw the offers. Alan Dershowitz, an emeritus professor at Harvard Law School, told the Guardian that losing admission to Harvard was a "draconian punishment" for "very bad taste jokes that students were sending to each other".

然而，至少有兩名哈佛教授對取消入學資格的做法表示質疑。哈佛大學法學院榮譽教授艾倫?德肖維茨告訴《衛報》，學生們因互相之間「開非常惡劣的玩笑」而失去哈佛的入學資格，這樣的「懲罰太苛刻」。

"It sounds like Harvard is intruding too deeply into the private lives of students," said Dershowitz, who has represented a series of high-profile clients, including OJ Simpson.

「聽起來，哈佛對學生的私生活管得太寬了」，曾為OJ?辛普森等多位名人做過代理律師的德肖維茨說。

"It may affect them for life," Dershowitz said.

「這可能影響他們一生。」

Harvey C Mansfield, one of Harvard"s most outspoken conservative professors and the author of a book called Manliness, also told the Guardian he questioned the decision. "The bounds of what is offensive have been extended and distorted, and I no longer trust the bent judgment of politically correct enforcers."

哈維?C?曼斯菲爾德是哈佛大學最直言不諱的保守派教授，他也是《剛毅》一書的作者。曼斯菲爾德告訴《衛報》，他對這個決定存有質疑。「人們對無禮冒犯的界定已經被放大歪曲，我不再相信那些堅持政治正確的執法者做出的不公判決。」

A spokeswoman for Harvard University declined to comment on the report. "We do not comment publicly on the admissions status of individual applicants," Rachael Dane wrote in an email.

哈佛大學發言人瑞秋?戴恩拒絕對該新聞發表評論。她在郵件中寫道：「我們對於個別申請人的錄取情況不予置評」。

The official Facebook page for students admitted to join the Harvard Class of 2021 warns students that "Harvard College reserves the right to withdraw an offer of admission under various conditions including if an admitted student engages in behavior that brings into question his or her honesty, maturity, or moral character".

2021屆哈佛待入學新生的臉書官方主頁提醒學生，「如果新生在誠信、成熟度或道德品質方面存在問題，那麼校方保留針對惡劣情況取消學生入學資格的權利。

Dershowitz said this guidance was too vague to provide students with any real understanding of the school"s expectations. "When you punish a student seriously without articulating standards, I think it raises questions," he said.

德肖維茨稱，這個說法太模糊了，學校沒有提出任何具體的要求。「當學校嚴肅處理學生時，卻不說明他們的判斷標準，我認為這是有問題的。」

而法律專家表示，在這種情況下，哈佛新生的言論自由是不受保護的，哥倫比亞大學法學院教授凱瑟琳?弗蘭克（Katherine Franke）稱：

「These students have absolutely no free speech rights that were violated in this context."

「在這種情況下，這些學生的言論自由權利根本沒有被侵犯。」

「The First Amendment』s Free Speech protections apply only to violations by public entities, and since Harvard is a private university the First Amendment does not apply,」 she said.

她表示：「美國憲法第一修正案中對於言論自由的保護僅針對公共實體的違法情況，而哈佛是所私立大學，所以第一修正案根本不適用。」

喬治城大學法律中心憲法教授蘇珊?布洛赫（Susan Bloch）稱：

"The Constitution really doesn"t apply here. The Constitution limits how much government can suppress speech, not a private university," she said.

「此種情形中，憲法還真不適用。憲法限制了政府對言論的壓制，但不限制私立學校。」

早在去年，哈佛大學的新生群組就出現過類似的情況。當時，校方只是發布聲明予以譴責，並沒有處以開除的處罰。

Meme-sharing Facebook groups have become a new college tradition, Mic reported last week, with students across the country trading inside jokes and fighting battles with rival universities via screenshot and caption.

據Mic上周報道，臉書表情包分享群組已經成為一個新興的大學傳統，全國各地的學生們用截圖和配字互開玩笑，與對手學校互懟。

The names of some of these public Facebook groups, Mic reported, were "Harvard Memes for Elitist 1% Tweens", "UCLA Memes for Sick AF Tweens" and "USC Memes for Spoiled Pre-Teens".

報道稱，這些公共臉書群組的名字包括，「哈佛前1%精英少年表情包群」、「UCLA超變態青少年表情包群」、「USC被寵壞的小少年表情包群」等。

The private Facebook group chat that led to offers of admission being rescinded was named, at one point, "Harvard memes for horny bourgeois teens", the Crimson reported.

《深紅報》稱，此次被取消入學資格的學生所在的私人臉書群組名為「哈佛饑渴猥瑣資產階級少年」。

英文來源：衛報

翻譯&編輯：董靜

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