奧斯陸的禁車計劃與蘋果專註汽車自主系統

原標題：G7大視野丨奧斯陸的禁車計劃與蘋果專註汽車自主系統

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Oslo s car ban sounded simple enough. Then the backlash began

奧斯陸的禁車計劃聽起來很簡單，然後，反對的聲音這才剛剛開始

2015年10月，當奮進黨取得了奧斯陸市議會的權力時，他們將首要任務列為使城市環境變得更環保、更宜居，這是因為身為挪威首都的奧斯陸，2040年的預計人口將增長近30％，因此其開始擔心城市碳足跡。

奧斯陸市刻不容緩的出售煤炭投資、建立可再生的區域供熱系統，並承諾在2030年前削減溫室氣體排放（到1990年的95％）。然而，最大的難點是交通運輸佔全市二氧化碳排放量的61％，其中來自私人汽車的排放量就有39％。

還有什麼對策呢？

他們有了一個大膽的想法：在市中心禁止汽車。如果實行的話，奧斯陸將成為第一個擁有一個永久的、完整的無車區的主要歐洲城市。

然而，此舉最大的反對聲音來自於該市的行業協會，即奧斯陸國際貨櫃碼頭（OHF）。它表示擔心這個計劃會使奧斯陸變成一個「死城」，而且更貧窮。

OHF通信經理Beathe Radby Schieldrop解釋說，他們的反對意見是由於許多專賣店依賴於遠道而來的顧客，如果他們來的路線變複雜了，他們可能會索性不來了。 「人們往往會去就近的地方購物。」

綠色政黨政治家和該市的環境與運輸副市長蘭·瑪麗·恩格伯格（Lan Marie Nguyen Berg）說：「我們在與店主討論後對計劃進行了一些修改。 「但這樣做不是因為我們認為更多的汽車意味著更多的顧客，而是純粹因為我們需要確保商品的運輸對於城市生活和店主都是有好處的。

所以議會的解決方案是什麼？不再是禁止汽車，而是禁止停車場 - 所有650個路邊停車位。「在這些停車位的位置上，我們將安裝和創建公共空間，」Berg說， 「總共有六個試點地區。有些將是遊樂場或文化活動中心，或者長椅或自行車停車場 - 或者當您沒有1200公斤的玻璃鋼和鋼鐵時，你總能想到可以填補空間的東西的。

https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/jun/13/oslo-ban-cars-backlash-parking

When a progressive political alliance took power over Oslo』s city council in October 2015, they had made one of their first priorities a greener and more liveable environment in the city. With an almost 30% increase in population expected by 2040, the Norwegian capital was worried about its carbon footprint.

It wasted no time, selling off its coal investments, creating a renewable district heating system and firmly committing to slashing greenhouse gas emissions (to 95% of 1990 levels) by 2030.

The biggest bugbear, however, was transport, which accounts for 61% of the city』s CO2 emissions – a full 39% of it coming from private cars.

What more could be done?

One big idea: ban cars from the city centre. If pulled off, the plan would see Oslo become the first major European city to have a permanent, complete no-car-zone, racing ahead of a long list of cities seeking to do the same.

The biggest backlash, however, came from the city』s trade association, the Oslo Handelsstands Forening (OHF). It said it feared the plans would create a 「dead town」, and a 「poorer city [with] less life」.

「Many speciality shops depend on people coming from far away, who may not bother to come if they have a complex travel route,」 says OHF communications manager Beathe Radby Schieldrop, explaining their opposition. 「People tend to shop where it is easy to shop.」

「We modified some of the plans after discussing things with shopkeepers,」 says Lan Marie Nguyen Berg, a Green party politician and the city』s vice mayor for environment and transport. 「Not because we think that more cars means more shoppers. But because we need to ensure that the transport of goods to shops can be both good for city life and shopkeepers.

The council』s clever solution? Rather than banning cars, it would ban parking – all 650 on-street parking spots. In their place, 「we』ll put up installations and create public spaces,」 says Berg, referring to six pilot areas. 「Some will be playgrounds or cultural events, or [contain] benches or bike parking – or other things you can fill the space with when you don』t have 1,200 kilograms of glass and steel.」

Tim Cook Says Apple Focused on Autonomous Systems in Cars Push

庫克表示蘋果正專註於汽車推出的自主系統

蘋果公司首席執行官蒂姆?庫克（Tim Cook）經過多年的秘密處理汽車項目，首次詳細闡述了該公司在汽車市場上的計劃。

庫克在6月5日在Bloomberg電視台採訪中表示：「我們正在關注自主系統，」這是他有史以來對蘋果汽車計劃最為詳盡的評論。 「這是我們認為非常重要的核心技術。」他更把自主汽車的研發比作「AI項目之母」，並稱這可能是最難的AI項目之一。

「Bloomberg新聞」報道，蘋果公司最初一直在尋求建造自己的汽車，而在去年重新調整這些野心之前，要優先考慮自主駕駛的基礎技術。 在2014年開始，iPhone製造商已經僱傭了1000多名工程師，負責Project Titan的工作。?????

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-06-13/cook-says-apple-is-focusing-on-making-an-autonomous-car-system

After years toiling away in secret on a car project, Apple Inc. Chief Executive Officer Tim Cook has for the first time elaborated on the company』s plans in the automotive market.

「We』re focusing on autonomous systems,」 Cook said in a June 5 interview on Bloomberg Television that amounted to his most detailed comments yet on Apple』s automotive plans. 「It』s a core technology that we view as very important.」 He likened the effort to 「the mother of all AI projects,」 saying it』s 「probably one of the most difficult AI projects to work on.」

Apple had initially been seeking to build its own car, before recalibrating those ambitions last year to prioritize the underlying technology for autonomous driving, Bloomberg News reported. The iPhone maker had hired more than 1,000 engineers to work on Project Titan, as the car team is known internally, after it started in 2014.

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