阿斯湯加掌門人談練習瑜伽的核心是什麼

Sharath Jois on the Key Ingredients

for Experiencing Yoga

阿斯湯加掌門人談體驗瑜伽的關鍵是什麼

After wrapping his 2017 US tour,

Sharath Jois tells us where to find the proper ingredients for a true yoga practice.

在掌門人結束2017美國行之際

（他參加了YOGA & SCIENCE的研討會）

他告訴我們真正的瑜伽是的核心是什麼

When pizza was very new to India, some companies wanted to market themselves to get business, so they created a newpizza called 「Gobi Manchurian Pizza.」 We were very interested, so we ordered one to our house. It was a regular pizza with pieces of Gobi Manchurian, a Chinese dish, on top. Many people bought it. It was new and different and tasty, but it wasn』t healthy. Similarly, this is how yoga has become: Tasty and attractive, but not healthy.

當披薩剛被引進到印度的時候，一些公司為了搶佔市場，創造了一種新的披薩叫「GobiManchurian Pizza」。我們覺得新鮮有趣，就訂了一個送到家裡。結果它就是一個很普通的披薩帶著幾顆花菜，上面像道中國菜。當時有人很多都去買來吃，因為它很特別，口味也不錯，但其實它並不健康。同樣的，這也是現在的瑜伽市場：有趣，引人注目，但是不健康。

Today, there are so many styles of yoga. People put their surname in front of the word yoga and invent a new style. They hope to get many followers. They create so many videos, but it』s like junk food. It』s tasty, it looks good, but it』s not healthy. People look at these styles as yoga, they try them, and think they are doing yoga, but they are not.

現在的瑜伽發展出很多流派。為了擁有更多追隨者，有些人把自己的名字放在瑜伽一詞的前面，這樣就發展出一個新的流派。他們做了很多視頻推廣，但是這樣的流派就像是垃圾食品，好像很可口，賣相也不錯，但是一點不健康。人們以為練習這樣流派的，就是在練習瑜伽，其實並不是。

Ashtanga yoga is not a style of yoga. It is a method to explore something far more than handstands. Many people see handstand and leg-behind-the-head and think that is what Ashtanga yoga is. ButAshtanga yoga is a method to experience what yoga is, to understand who we are,how to be more responsible, how to live in this world as better people. Ashtanga yoga is a method.

阿斯湯加不是一種瑜伽風格。練習阿斯湯加絕不是為了能夠手倒立，它其實一種幫助你發掘內在的練習方式。很多人看到手倒立，腳纏頭，以為那就是阿斯湯加。其實練習阿斯湯加，是為了讓我們體驗真正的瑜伽是什麼，去了解我們是誰，讓我們更有擔當，讓我們在這個世上成為更好的人。這才是練習阿斯湯加的目的。

I』ve said this many times, but students need to be reminded of the fundamentals of Ashtanga yoga: the yamas andniyamas. They are the key ingredients to establishing and practicing yoga. It』s like making a dish from a recipe: You need these ingredients or else it won』t work, and you won』t be doing yoga.

我已經說過很多次，阿斯湯加的根本是持戒和精進，我希望學生們都能銘記這點。因為這兩支是建立和練習瑜伽的關鍵。就想烹飪一樣，沒有材料就抄不出菜，缺失了持戒和精進，也就練不好瑜伽。

The Ashtanga method has eight limbs. The first four are the external pillars: yama, niyama, asana, and pranayama. Yama has sublimbs, which are ahimsa, satya, asteya, brahmacharya, aparigraha. The niyama sublimbs are saucha, santosha, tapas, svadhyaya, Ishvara pranidhana.These are all very important ingredients essential for our spiritual journey.If you want to get deeper in your practice, these ingredients are indispensable. Without these ingredients, you will never understand yoga. You will live your entire life missing out and thinking yoga is what flexible people do in photographs and videos like leg-behind-the-head and handstands. It』s attractive, it makes for a nice photo, but it is not yoga.

阿斯湯加的練習有八支。前面四支是外在的練習: 持戒，精進，體式和呼吸控制法。其中，持戒有五個分支:不傷害，不說謊，不偷盜，不縱慾和不貪婪。精進也有五個分支: 潔凈，知足，紀律，讀聖賢書，以及敬神。這些都是我們踏上靈性成長之路非常重要的基礎。如果你想練習更有深度，這兩支都是不可缺失的。如果你不練習這兩支，那你將永遠無法真正的明白瑜伽是什麼，且此生都與瑜伽的真諦無緣，你會一直以為瑜伽就是那些在照片和視頻里身體很軟的人練的東西，比如腳纏頭和手倒立。他們看上去很炫，照片很美，但那不是瑜伽。

The remaining four limbs—pratyahara,dharana, dhyana, and samadhi—are internal practices. Once the first four limbs are established, the other four will automatically happen. You don』t have to try, they will automatically happen. Of course, these are higher, more subtlelevels of yoga. To achieve these, you have to get rid of many patterns, attachments, dispositions, many things.

剩下的四支——制感，專註，冥想，三摩地，是關於內在的練習。一旦打好了前面四支的基礎，後面這四支自然而然會發生。當然，這是更高層次，更精微的瑜伽練習。而想要達到這樣的層級，你需要拋棄固有的模式，執念，不良的情緒等等。

This will be a life-long practice and thereal transformation happens once one is educated in all the limbs. Without understanding yoga through proper education, it is impossible to understand what yoga is. Yet what is meant by education here is the practice, putting theory into practice,not necessarily a formal education.

這些都將是持續一生的練習，而只有當這八支都練好了，真正的轉變才會發生。如果沒有正確的教導，很難去領悟瑜伽的內涵。這裡說的教導就是練習，帶入瑜伽哲學的練習，而不是普通的受教育。

My grandfather, Sri K. Pattabhi Jois, used to always say 「99% practice, 1% theory,」 but oftentimes, people got this wrong.They practiced asana from morning until evening. What he meant was to practice the theory, the yamas and niyamas, all the time. To do this, you don』t sit around and read about it in books, you have to live it. Can you expect to calm the mind by reading citta vritti nirodha (the second sutra of the Yoga Sutras)?Simply reading it, even a thousand times, won』t make it happen, and it will probably do just the opposite. Yoga theory must be put into practice all the time. Only when you apply all the things in your daily life will citta vritti nirodha happen.

我的外公，Sri K. Pattabhi Jois， 曾經總說 「百分之九十九的練習，百分之一的理論。」很多時候，大家都沒有正確理解這句話，他們就一味的從早到晚的練習體式。其實，我外公這裡說的練習不是指體式，而是指瑜伽哲學，應該是從早到晚練習持戒和精進。然而這些不是你坐著看書就能學會的，是要去實踐它。你覺得光靠讀citta vritti nirodha(瑜伽經的第二句經文）就可以約束心靈的變化嗎？即使讀了千萬遍，只要不去實踐它，就無法做到它，有時候還可能適得其反。瑜伽哲學必須從始至終貫穿於練習之中，只有當你把瑜伽哲學融入到日常生活中，citta vritti nirodha才會發生。

For us, however, what is important is to be calm everyday, to have a peaceful life everyday. This is what we are focusing on. Someone can be very famous one day and then the next fall out of favor.Asana will come and go, money will come and go, fame will come and go. What we have to do is keep ourselves calm, steady and stable. This is what asana gives us.

對於我們而言，最重要的是每天都保持內心平靜。有些人可能某天突然紅了，但沒多久就又過氣了。體式，錢財，名譽這些都會來來去去。我們需要做的是保持內心平靜與穩定。練習體式就是為了獲得這樣的平靜。

How many of you can sit still in one place for long periods of time having control of your mind? To bring the vrittis, orthe fluctuations of the mind under control you must have stability found in apractice. This is the method to gain equanimity. Samatvam yoga uchyate. Samtvamis calmness, balance, equanimity. This is what yoga is. It is a life long practice of key ingredients for the entirety of your life. The proper fundamentals will help the stability grow, and thus, the yoga to happen. If it can happen to me, it can happen to you. We are not different. It takes a firm, positive outlook. Yoga can happen to anyone when we put in the proper ingredients.

有多少人可以很長時間的坐在一個地方，控制著自己的心智？你必須要在練習之中有穩定的根基，才能控制心智的波動。這就是獲得平靜的方式。Samatvam yoga uchyate. Samatvam 是安寧，平衡，平靜。這就是瑜伽的目標。瑜伽是生命中很重要的一部分，需要用一生去練習。建立良好的基礎有助於根據穩定性的提高，這樣，真正的瑜伽才有可能發生。如果在我身上能發生，那在你身上也有可能發生，我們是一樣的。你要堅定的相信他最終會發生在你身上。瑜伽可以發生在任何人的身上，只要我們用對了方式。

By R. Sharath Jois

Published on May 31, 2017

2017年5月31日出版

文字來源： Sonima

翻譯: Brook

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