RSC主編推薦：能源領域精彩文章快覽

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英國皇家化學會（RSC）是一個擁有175年歷史的面向全球化學家的非營利會員制機構，旗下擁有43種期刊，其中很多在化學領域有很高影響力。為了進一步幫助廣大讀者追蹤科技前沿熱點，X-MOL團隊與英國皇家化學會合作，推出英國皇家化學會期刊主編推薦的精彩文章快覽，本期文章屬「能源領域」，英文點評來自英國皇家化學會期刊的主編。如果大家對我們的解讀有更多的補充和點評，歡迎在文末寫評論發表您的高見！

Energy & Environmental Science

(IF: 25.427)

1. Impact of microstructure on the electron–hole interaction in lead halide perovskites

Energy Environ. Sci., 2017, Advance Article

DOI: 10.1039/C7EE00685C

Despite the remarkable progress in the performance of devices based on the lead halide perovskite semiconductor family, there is still a lack of consensus on their fundamental photophysical properties. Here, using magneto-optical transmission spectroscopy the authors elucidate the impact of the microstructure on the Coulomb interaction between photo-created electron–hole pairs in methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) and the triple-cation lead mixed-halide composition. This renewed understanding of the relationship between these fundamental electronic properties and the microstructure is critical for future fundamental studies and improving device design.

儘管基於鹵化鉛鈣鈦礦半導體材料的器件在性能方面取得了顯著的進步，但人們對它們的基本光物理性質仍然缺乏統一的認識。在這篇論文中，作者通過磁光透射光譜闡明了微結構對甲胺鉛碘（MAPbI3）和三元陽離子鉛混合鹵化物（Cs0.05(MA0.17FA0.83)0.95Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3）中的光致電子-空穴對之間庫侖相互作用的影響。這一成果是對基本電子性質與微結構之間關係的重新認識，對將來的基礎研究和器件設計改進都至關重要。

2. Energetic productivity dynamics of global super-giant oilfields

Energy Environ. Sci., 2017, Advance Article

DOI: 10.1039/C7EE01031A

Using an engineering-based life cycle assessment (LCA) approach, the authors analyze decades-long historical trends of upstream oil production energy return on investment (EROI) for twenty-five globally significant oil fields (>1 billion barrels recoverable). The net energy ratio (NER) and external energy ratio (EER) are used as two measures of oil field energetic productivity. They find that as depletion causes declines in oil output, the associated energy returns decline significantly, with some fields seeing NER declines exceeding 90%. These results have implications for long-run climate/energy system modeling due to potential large increases in extraction energy as global oilfields age.

通過以工程學為基礎的生命周期評估（LCA）手段，美國斯坦福大學的研究人員分析了全球25個超大型油田（可採油量 > 10億桶）原油生產的能源投資回報率（EROI）在數十年中的歷史趨勢。凈能源比（NER）和外部能源比（EER）被用作衡量油田能源產出的兩個指標。研究發現，由於資源枯竭而導致石油產量下降，相關的能源投資回報率大幅下降，一些油田的NER下降超過90%。隨著全球油田開採時間的增加，採油作業的能耗也可能會大幅增加，這些結果在對氣候/能源體系進行長期建模時具有一定意義。

3. A technoeconomic analysis of perovskite solar module manufacturing with low-cost materials and techniques

Energy Environ. Sci., 2017, Advance Article

DOI: 10.1039/C7EE00757D

With high material utilization, easy manufacturing processes, and high power conversion efficiencies >20%, many experts anticipate that perovskite solar cells (PSCs) will be one of the cheapest PV technologies in the future. The limitations are discussed in comparing calculated MSPs to actual market prices, determine the effect of module lifetime, examine the effects of alternative materials and constructions, and indicate avenues to further reduce the MSP and LCOE values.

鈣鈦礦太陽能電池（PSCs）具有材料利用率高、製造工藝簡單、能量轉換效率高（> 20%）等特點，許多專家都預測PSCs將在未來成為成本最低的光伏技術之一。本文探討了將計算出的最低可持續價格（MSP）與實際市場價格進行比較後得出的限制因素，確定了模塊使用壽命的影響，研究了替代材料和組件的作用，並指出進一步降低MSP和平準化能源成本（LCOE）的途徑。

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