在攝影的黃金年代，一份《紐約時報》是如何刊發出來的？

1851年創刊的《紐約時報》現在依舊是全球影響力最大的報紙之一。它曾充滿氣場的slogan，「All the News That s Fit to Print」（我們只印刷有價值的新聞），在紙媒蕭瑟的今天或許稍有些窘迫。

最近，一篇以《September 1942, Making the New York Times》為題的有趣文章，將戰時攝影師Marjory Collins在1942年9月造訪《紐約時報》總部的珍貴照片釋出。那一天，作為戰爭信息辦公室的女攝影師Marjory Collins造訪了位於時代廣場的《紐約時報》辦公室，用鏡頭記錄下了把新聞製作成報紙的整個過程。從審稿、編輯、潤色修改，到排字、鑄版、印刷……當時，每天的報紙都是在這樣緊湊、忙亂、熱火朝天的環境里，在截印deadline的強大生產力中，認真誕生的。

她的黑白膠片，完整記錄下了鉛字年代的一份日報，從虛無的電報消息，變成捆紮完成等待派送成品的過程。在充滿手工感的傳統步驟里、在他們熱火朝天的忙碌和緊張感里，在對deadline跨越一切的共鳴里，我們可以瞥見那個已經遠去的，屬於報紙的黃金時代，它的真實印記。

In September 1942, Office of War Information photographer Marjory Collins paid a visit to the offices of the New York Times, located at the iconic One Times Square and an annex on 43rd Street.

There, she documented each step of the messy, physical process as news coming in over the wires was sorted, edited, rewritten, laid out, and printed, all under an ever-approaching deadline.

Making the New York Times

主編辦公室。

畫面前方的人物是主編助理，

後方正在開會的分別是日間和夜間主編。

In the bullpen. The assistant managing editor sits in the foreground while the managing editor and night managing editor confer in the background.

電訊室。

有線報務員正在記錄紐約時報前線通訊員們

從世界各地發來的電報。

In the wire room, telegraphers record messages received by Western Union and Postal Telegraph from Times correspondents across the United States and abroad.

一份來自美聯社的急報。

An incoming dispatch from the Associated Press.

送稿員會將這些來自電訊室的稿件油印出來，

傳送到新聞編輯室，等待分配再編輯。

Copy boys mimeograph the dispatches from the telegraphs and pass them through a slot to the newsroom, where they are sorted and distributed to the various desks.

正在油印的稿件。

Dispatches pass through the mimeograph.

在截印deadline的壓力之下，

忙碌的稿件油印室常常一地紛亂。

Dispatches have to be mimeographed so fast to meet the deadline that many copies fly out of the machine onto the floor.

編輯室里負責海外新聞的校對員。

畫面前方的手，是編輯正「釘」掉一份棄稿。

Copyreaders at the foreign desk in the newsroom. In the foreground, the foreign editor discards a story by "spiking" it.

這個小辦公室掌握著全美的實時新聞。

Copyreaders at the telegraph desk, which handles all U.S. news outside of the city.

阿根廷、瑞士、墨西哥通訊員。

Argentine, Swiss, and Mexican correspondents.

戲劇評論家Brooks Atkinson正在為新片寫戲評。

Drama critic Brooks Atkinson pens a review of a new play.

資料室中正在使用的新字典，

和成為「廢料」的舊字典。

Old and new dictionaries in the "morgue."

51歲的Tommy Bracken時任資料室主管。

Tommy Bracken, a 51-year employee and head of the morgue.

無線報務員正在收聽廣播，

決定精選什麼內容進行刊載。

堆滿地的紙條上，全是他經手的廣播新聞。

A radio operator listens in to Axis propaganda broadcasts. The paper piled on the floor has been examined to see what has already been covered in the last edition.

每天，新聞還會通過紐約時報的短波，

用摩斯電碼對外傳送兩次。

In the radio room, news is sent out twice daily in Morse code by the Times short wave transmitter and received by ships.

短波報務員正接收、記錄著來自瑞士通訊員的信息。

A short wave radio operator receives and records messages from a correspondent in Switzerland.

藝術部。

負責地圖繪製的編輯正在為一份歐洲戰區地圖而查閱資料

——這位資深老編輯一戰的時候就在這兒畫地圖了。

In the art department, the cartographer consults charts to prepare a map of the war in Europe. This employee was also here for the First World War.

攝影部。

紐約時報實行全球範圍的辛迪加，

每天會將一部分圖表、影像稿分派給歐洲的合作媒體。

The photo department. The Times syndicates its photographs all over the world, sending some by clipper to Europe daily.

在圖片被轉印到鋅版之前，

暗房技術員會在燈箱上仔細檢查負片的點陣。

A darkroom technician inspects the dots on the screen of a strip negative before it is transferred to a zinc plate.

修圖師正在為周日版修描一張時尚寫真。

An artist retouches a fashion photo for the Sunday edition.

新聞編輯間。傳送帶會把編輯們完成的稿子送製版車間。

The newsroom. A conveyor belt carries completed copy up to the composing room.

印刷底板會被逐頁檢查，

確認無誤之後發往製版車間。

Completed mats are checked on board by page, then sent down a chute to the stereotype room.

當每日的拼版工作完成後，

耗時會被記錄在小黑板上。

As make-up of each page is completed, time is marked on a board.

鑄排機操作員正在製版車間錄入一篇稿子。

按下鑄排機的鍵盤，

相應字母的字模就會沿著軌道落入排字架，

排列整齊的詞句會按「行」鑄成條形的鉛字鑄碼。

A linotype operator types out a story in the composing room. The linotype is used to cast metal blocks of type which will then be laid out into a page.

製版車間里貼著關於字體規範更新的告示。

Notices on style changes are posted in the composing room.

拼版員正從操作台揀取鉛字鑄碼。

Make-up men pick up linotype slugs from the center table.

排字員正在為當日的運動版排字。

The sports section is assembled in the composing room.

檢查印刷底板上是否有錯字或是污損。

A mat is inspected for faults and blemishes.

打樣印刷機輸出的這些樣稿，

會被分派給排版編輯進行校對。

The proof press turns out proofs for distribution to make-up editors for correction.

為某一頁拼版。

Making up a page in the composing room.

每天都有一部分索引內容仍然需要手工鑄排

——這位鑄排師已經做這行15年了。

In the composing room, the daily index to the news is set partly by hand. This man has been doing it for fifteen years.

製版車間牆上的樣稿

Proofs on the wall in the composing room.

時間已經臨近截印deadline，

工作人員正在為最後也是最重要的頭版內容拼版。

Page one is made up as the deadline approaches.

用列印錘將鉛字版面規整捶緊。

Type is hammered down on a completed page.

印刷機房。

工人們正在將一個超大型的紙卷安裝到印刷機上

——這個紙卷足有730公斤重，足夠印1300份報紙。

In the reel room, pressmen transport a 1608-pound paper reel to the presses. The reel has enough for about 1300 newspapers.

在印刷機上完成布紙。

Threading paper through the presses.

輪轉印刷機可以將平面鉛字印版轉製成便於印刷的滾筒狀。

An Autoplate machine is used to cast curved plates for the printing presses from the completed linotype slugs.

在滾筒印版上標記頁碼是為了方便辨認。

Page numbers are applied to cast plates for easy identification.

印版被裝入印刷機中。

Plates are loaded into the presses.

「新鮮出爐」的當日印版們。

Plates are loaded into the presses.

印版、印紙，全體準備就緒。

Freshly cast and numbered plates.

開始印刷！

The presses start rolling.

第一份成品出爐時，

印刷工人會仔細檢查細節和效果，進行調整。

As the first editions come off the press, a pressman inspects for defects.

切割、摺疊完成的成品報紙從切折機中被快速送出。

為了方便計數，每到第50份都會自動斜置。

Finished papers come out of cutting and folding machines on a rapidly moving belt. Every fiftieth is automatically slanted to facilitate counting.

成品報紙們被分裝捆紮，

它們將會被運送到各地。

Finished papers are bundled for distribution.

報紙們被裝上送貨卡車。

Papers are loaded onto a truck for distribution.

成捆成捆的報紙正等待被派送。

Bundles of finished papers are prepared for delivery.

完成本場工作的印刷工人們靠在機器上小憩。

Pressmen relax in the reel room between editions.

英文原文地址：

mashable.com/2017/05/06/making-the-new-york-times

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