醫學動畫：壓瘡

最新 07-18

壓瘡又稱為褥瘡或褥瘡性潰瘍，是由於長時間以一種姿勢坐著或躺著造成局部有骨突起而又沒有豐富的肌肉保護的皮膚受壓，血供破壞，而導致的皮膚壞死破損，並可繼發感染，嚴重者深部的肌肉、骨骼亦發生壞死，是截癱或感覺障礙、活動不便等病人常見的一種併發症。

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Pressure sores

壓瘡

Pressure sores also called bed sores or decubitus ulcers are regions of skin that breakdown when you sit or lie in one position for too long.

壓瘡又稱為褥瘡或褥瘡性潰瘍，是由於你以一種姿勢坐或躺過久而導致的局部皮膚破損。

These wounds occurs most frequently in areas of your bones are closed to the skin, including your heels、ankles、hips、tailbone or elbows.

這些瘡口極易發生在人體骨突部位，包括足跟、踝、髖、骶部以及肘部。

Constant pressure to one of these areas compress of blood vessels that supply your skin with oxygen and vital nutrients. Without sufficient amount of blood flow ,your skin cells eventually die and pressure sores forms.

這些部位的持續壓力使得為皮膚提供氧和重要營養的血管長期受壓，局部組織缺乏足夠血供，最終使得皮膚細胞死亡，從而形成壓瘡。

Pressure sores are categorized by degrees of severity.

根據壓瘡的嚴重程度可將其分為以下階段。

A stage I pressure sores is reddened, inflamed and dose not blanch or become pale when pressure is applied.

I 期：皮膚紅腫，出現壓之不褪色。

A stage II pressure sore appears as a blister or a open sore. The area surrounding the sore may be red and irritated.

II 期：表現為水皰或開放的創面，創面周圍發紅和受刺激。

A stage III pressure sore involves a full-thickness loss of skin that appears crater lake and extends to the layer of fat beneath your skin.

III 期：全層皮膚組織缺損，象火山口，累及皮下脂肪。

Stage IV is the most severe. A stage IV ulcer is full-thickness wound that extends down to the underlying muscle or bone.

IV期是最嚴重的。全層皮膚組織缺損，深達下方的肌肉和骨組織。

In 2007，National pressure ulcer advisory panel added two more ulcer stages: suspected deep tissue injury and unstageable

在2007年，美國壓瘡專家諮詢組新增加了2個分期:可疑深部組織損傷期壓瘡和不可分期壓瘡。

Suspected deep tissue injury is a maroon or purple area of the skin and may contain a blister filled with blood. It looks like this because of damaged soft tissue underneath your skin.

可疑深部組織損傷期壓瘡，是局部皮膚褐色或粉紅色，可能形成充血性水皰，這所以看起來呈這樣子，是因為皮下軟組織出現損傷。

An unstageable ulcer is full-thickness loss of tissues. However, the amount of tissue loss can not be determined, because the ulcer is covered by dead tissue.

不可分期壓瘡，缺損涉及組織全層，但缺損組織的數量難以確定，因為潰瘍創面被壞死組織所覆蓋。

To prevent infection in your pressure sore ,your doctor will clean your wound using water and mild soup or saline solution.If your wound is severe, your doctor will debride or surgically remove the dead tissue from the pressure sore. To protect the hygiene of your wound,your doctor may cover it with specialized bandage.

為了預防壓瘡的感染，醫生會使用水和溫和的肥皂或生理鹽水來清潔你的創面。若你的創口很嚴重，那麼醫生會使用清創或手術來去除壓創的壞死組織。為了保持創面的衛生，醫生會使用一種特殊的創可貼。

（周楳畯聽譯）