案例：Oracle報錯ASM磁碟組不存在或沒有mount

環境：RHEL 6.5 + Oracle Standby RAC 11.2.0.4 我做Standby RAC實驗時，在恢復控制文件時，報錯無法在磁碟組創建文件，具體報錯內容如下：

[oracle@jystdrac1 standby]$ rman target /

RMAN> exit

馬上去查磁碟組是否正常mount,結果是正常的：

[root@jystdrac1 ~]# su - grid
[grid@jystdrac1 ~]$ asmcmd
ASMCMD> lsdg
State Type Rebal Sector Block AU Total_MB Free_MB Req_mir_free_MB Usable_file_MB Offline_disks Voting_files Name
MOUNTED EXTERN N 512 4096 1048576 15360 15261 0 15261 0 N DATA/
MOUNTED EXTERN N 512 4096 1048576 5120 5025 0 5025 0 N FRA/
MOUNTED NORMAL N 512 4096 1048576 3072 2146 1024 561 0 Y OCR/
ASMCMD>

去看資料庫的alert日誌：

Wed Aug 09 22:29:50 2017
NOTE: Loaded library: System
ORA-15025: could not open disk "/dev/asm-diske"
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 13: Permission denied
Additional information: 9
ORA-15025: could not open disk "/dev/asm-diskf"
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 13: Permission denied
Additional information: 9
ORA-15025: could not open disk "/dev/asm-diskg"
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 13: Permission denied
Additional information: 9
Wed Aug 09 22:29:50 2017
SUCCESS: diskgroup DATA was dismounted
ERROR: diskgroup DATA was not mounted
ORA-15025: could not open disk "/dev/asm-diskh"
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 13: Permission denied
Additional information: 9
SUCCESS: diskgroup FRA was dismounted
ERROR: diskgroup FRA was not mounted

居然說是無法打開asm磁碟，迅速去查asm磁碟情況：

[root@jystdrac1 ~]# ls -l /dev/asm*
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 16 Aug 9 22:55 /dev/asm-diskb
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 32 Aug 9 22:55 /dev/asm-diskc
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 48 Aug 9 22:55 /dev/asm-diskd
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 64 Aug 9 22:55 /dev/asm-diske
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 80 Aug 9 22:11 /dev/asm-diskf
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 96 Aug 9 22:11 /dev/asm-diskg
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 112 Aug 9 22:55 /dev/asm-diskh

/dev/asm:
total 0
[root@jystdrac1 ~]# id grid
uid=700(grid) gid=800(oinstall) groups=800(oinstall),700(asmadmin),701(asmdba),702(asmoper)
[root@jystdrac1 ~]# id oracle
uid=800(oracle) gid=800(oinstall) groups=800(oinstall),701(asmdba),801(dba),802(oper)

發現磁碟組許可權沒有問題，grid和oracle用戶的組也都符合官方要求。

拿著alert日誌的關鍵報錯信息「ORA-15025 ORA-27041 Linux-x86_64 Error: 13: Permission denied」去查MOS：

找到一篇MOS匹配：Database Will Not Mount: ORA-15025, ORA-27041, "Permission denied", ORA-15081 (文檔 ID 1378747.1)

最終說是

CAUSE

-rwsr-s--x 1 oracle asmadmin 210973186 May 31 21:25 /appl/oracle/OracleHomes/11.2.0/bin/oracle

按照MOS的說法，去查oracle用戶的這個oracle二進位文件的屬組，果然發現是oinstall：

[root@jystdrac1 ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@jystdrac1 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin/
[oracle@jystdrac1 bin]$ ls -l oracle
-rwsr-s--x 1 oracle oinstall 239626641 Aug 6 00:42 oracle

將其改為MOS說的asmadmin，

As the

ON NODE1：
[root@jystdrac1 bin]# pwd
/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin
[root@jystdrac1 bin]# ls -l oracle
-rwsr-s--x 1 oracle oinstall 239626641 Aug 6 00:42 oracle
[grid@jystdrac1 bin]$ ./setasmgidwrap o=/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/oracle
[root@jystdrac1 bin]# ls -l oracle
-rwsr-s--x 1 oracle asmadmin 239626641 Aug 6 00:42 oracle

ON NODE2：
[root@jystdrac2 bin]# pwd
/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin
[root@jystdrac2 bin]# ls -l oracle
-rwsr-s--x 1 oracle oinstall 239626641 Aug 6 00:48 oracle
[root@jystdrac2 bin]# chown oracle:asmadmin oracle
[root@jystdrac2 bin]# ls -l oracle
-rwxr-x--x 1 oracle asmadmin 239626641 Aug 6 00:48 oracle
[root@jystdrac2 bin]# chmod 6751 oracle
[root@jystdrac2 bin]# ls -l oracle
-rwsr-s--x 1 oracle asmadmin 239626641 Aug 6 00:48 oracle

如上，兩個節點都需要改正確，我這裡特意演示了兩種方法，在一節點使用MOS推薦的方法修改可以一次成功修改，且能保證不改錯，只是等的時間長。在二節點直接通過操作系統命令修改，速度快，需要確認最終改對。

最後重啟庫再試恢復控制文件:

[oracle@jystdrac1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

RMAN>

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