威廉·艾爾索普：建築師就是不管是否成功，不斷地通過傾聽與實踐來提升對建築的理解

『「Might Have Been本有可能」邀約項目不限制類型尺度，僅從未能實現建成的原因歸類—過於超前受制於技術或觀念、制度的限制而未被繼續、各方博弈而背離初衷。』

項目名稱：第四優雅

項目類型：建築設計

客戶：利物浦市政府

時間：1998年

未實現原因：過於超前受制於技術或觀念、各方博弈而背離初衷

Project Name: Fourth Grace, 『The Cloud』, Liverpool, UK

Project Type: architectural design

Client: Liverpool Vision (NWRDA)

Project year: 1998

Cause for incompletion: pushing the boundaries of design to the extent of going beyond what the past technology could achieve and what the society could accept & too many steps away from what it was supposed to be after compromises made by some parties.

建築更像是塑造獨特體驗的過程

Architrcture is more like the process of creating an unique experience

我之所以喜歡這個項目，是因為我們要設計的是一棟全新的建築。沿河已經有三棟很棒的大體量建築。河岸邊還有一大片空地，利物浦市政府表示可以再建一棟樓，這樣就有了第四優雅。但我們當時並不清楚要設計什麼樣的建築。我們和各方進行了交流之後，了解到他們想要一個博物館，還發現大家都尊敬英雄人物，這是他們感興趣的一個方面。整個項目我最喜歡的一點在於，你來這裡完全是免費的，這是非常獨特的體驗。當然，如果你想花錢也可以。所以，整個資金建設和建築施工方彌補了很多現實和理想的差距。這就是我以這個項目為榮的原因。

What I love about this project is that we have to invent what is in this building. So the local authority - the city of Liverpool - said they want the fourth race. But we already had three big buildings along the river; they are all fantastic buildings. There is a big gap so we can have another building which will be the Fourth Grace, but we didn』t know what will be in there. In a way we talked to different roles. We did know they want a museum there, so we find people respect hero, that』s what interests people. The whole thing what I like about is that you could go there: you don』t need to spend money - that』s a sole experience; spending money is ok too. So the whole financial construction as well as the architecture construction and its filling many gaps, literally. That』s what』s in there in Liverpool, so I was really proud of that.

地理位置

Geographical location

前景規劃

Outlook planning

流線策略

Streamline strategy

總平面圖

General layout

好的建築讓人長時間地喜愛

A good architecture deserves more attention from the public

這個項目我們做了大量細節的工作，事情也進展地很順利。我們在利物浦做最後的方案彙報，在不知道結果的前提下我在當地搭乘了一輛火車。下火車的時候，我接到一個電話說我們贏了，那一刻真是太棒了。我記得我後來喝醉了，然後我們開始工作。我們準備了大約一年半的時間，大家都很有信心這個項目最終會建成的。這個項目需要市政府出資1300萬英鎊，但是與此同時，還有另外一個項目。項目支出超出預算，市政府也沒說什麼。然後我們就想方設法在其他項目上來填補這個差距，同時取消第四輪方案，原因在於當地人並不喜歡我們的方案，但事實卻並不是這樣。我成了利物浦當地的英雄，走在大街上，大家都能認出我，並且對我說：「那個博物館設計得太棒了。」所以，這個項目老百姓喜歡，但政府官員並不喜歡。

We did a lot of very detailed work on this project, and everything was running very well. It was a competition, it came out to three, maybe four architects. It was a very good day: doing final presentation in Liverpool. I took a train from Liverpool without knowing the result. When I got off the train, I got a phone call that said we won, that was fantastic. I remembered getting very drunk, then we started to work. We prepared maybe a year and half. We were very clear that we will make the whole project work. We need 13 million pounds from the city, but then that was another project, very long at the same time. We spend over budget, the city did say ok. We take less project to fill that gap, we will cancel the fourth script, because people in Liverpool didn』t like the way we proposed - not true. I became a local hero in Liverpool. When I go to the streets, people would recognize me and say to me,「That』s great!」 So I know people liked it, but politicians didn』t.

構成

Constitution of the building

演變過程

Evolution process

剖面

Section of the building

假如第四優雅的項目成功落地了，它將會產生非常積極的影響，會受到人們的廣泛喜愛。好的建築讓人長時間地喜愛。當然，縱觀歷史，我們也發現一些好的建築開始的時候讓人反感，但是過了十年、二十年，大家的態度就會發生很大的轉變。之前第三優雅的建築就是很好的例子。大家一開始都覺得反感，但是今天你如果要拆掉那些建築，你就會成為眾矢之的。而這些建築的使用者或者甲方也會發生變化，當地社區也有可能改變建築的功能，所以很難說項目如果當時建成了，是什麼樣子。但你可以表達你希望建築呈現出來是什麼樣，因為你必須相信這一點，因為我們都是樂觀主義者。

On the fourth race, if I had built it, it would have had a very positive impact, and people would have loved the building. For good buildings, people continue to love them. Also what you find very often in the past is that people hated good buildings at first, but after ten to twenty years, they began to love them. The 3rd Garce featured buildings just like that: people hated it, but now today if you want to take that building away, there will be absolutely chaos, people will hate you. People who use or commission those buildings also change; the local community changes their uses. So it is difficult to say what might have been. You could say what you like it to be, because you have to believe that, because we are all optimists.

未建成項目是一種思維方式，有著獨特的價值

The unbuilt project is a method of thinking with unique value

我認為每一位建築師未建成的作品一定比他已建成的要多。而且，我認為所有的建築項目，只有5%的想法有可能實現，剩下的95%，不管你用什麼樣的心態去面對，它們都沒有落地的可能。建築師很多時候都會面臨這樣的狀況，不過有些未完成項目相比其他的未完成項目更加重要。我想說的是，其實沒什麼遺憾的，這點很重要。建築師需要通過傾聽、實踐來不斷學習，所以他們所做的一切，不管成功與否，都是在提升對建築的理解。

I think every architect has more undo projects than its do projects, I think for every architecture, maybe 5% happens, so there are 95% are thinking, worrying,crying and laughing, which will never get built. So this is a big part in your life, but some of the unbuilt projects are more important than other unbuilt projects. What I want to say is that nothing is lost, that』s very important. So whatever you do is building your understanding of architecture, because you need to learn by listening and doing.

已完成代表作品：來福士廣場

Signature work: Raffle City

在很大程度上，我認為思考本身以及做好方案彙報就已經很棒了。項目沒能建成，確實讓人難過，但並不意味著世界末日。未建成項目是一種思維方式，有著獨特的價值，我認為這一點很重要。只是在那個當下，項目沒有實現，也沒有人去挖掘其根源，所以一切就付諸東流了。

In many ways, just think about things, and make some good presentations, I think that』s cool. If it』s not built, it』s sad but it』s not the end of the world. The unbuilt project is a way of thinking, therefore, has a value. I think that』s very important. But at that moment, things don』t happen, they don』t discuss, like they are missing.

已完成代表作品：上海港國際客運中心

Signature work: Shanghai Cruise port

未建成項目可以分成兩類。通常說來，在你的整個人生當中，你會發現許多項目儘管沒有人要求你這樣去做，但你自己會不斷地去思考，去探索。我以前思考的還要多，不過這也是最有意思的地方。三十年前，許多年輕建築師真的很無趣，因為他們覺得只有當自己設計的一棟建築被造出來了，自己的想法才會被人理解。這完全是胡說八道，因為你必須得考慮到方方面面的事情。

There are two types of unbuilt projects. Logically, in your whole life there are projects you do, you will think about it, which no one asks you to do, but you can invent things where you explore subjects. And I have to say, I used to be those more of that - that was interesting. Thirty years ago from today, lots of young architects are really boring, because they think you only learn my architecture by actually building it. That』s rubbish! You have to think, you have to dream, you have to do all sorts of things.

已完成代表作品：安大略藝術與設計學院

Signature work: The Shape centre

做建築和做人是一樣的道理。如果你是一個畫家，你就畫畫，大家都會來買你的畫，這沒什麼問題。但如果你想要推銷一幅畫，那就是另一回事了。在我看來，做建築也是同樣的道理，你得不斷思考，不斷實踐。我覺得對創意可行性的推斷是很重要的。回想一下歷史上的一些建築師團體，比方說建築電訊派，他們從來沒有建成什麼，但是在建築史上卻有著舉足輕重的地位。如今，這個團體和媒體、新聞界保持著密切的聯繫，他們受雇撰寫一些關於未建成項目的軟文廣告，因為大家都喜歡建材，喜歡廣告，因為廣告突出了他們建築的特點。不過這和建築本身無關，只關乎媒體。所以，我們得對不同的事情進行一個排序。

It』s about building yourself as a person. If you are a painter, you paint, everyone buys paintings. It doesn』t really matter. But if you are selling a painting, it』s not the old point. And I think architecture is something similar. You have to think about architecture and doing architecture the whole time. If you read a newspaper, somewhere every day and something which could have an architecture in speculation, I did it for 2-3 years, then I retired and I stopped, but I think it is very important to do that - the idea of speculation. So if you think back to groups of architects, Archigram for example, they never built anything, but they became very important for architecture. Today, it has something to do with the media and the press, and advertise and help the presses, they can only get the advertising which pays for the publication by writing about buildings that are not built, because all people used to like building materials, they all like advertising because it features their buildings, but that』s not architecture, that』s just media. So things get to be sorted.

已完成代表作品：倫敦佩卡姆圖書館

Signature work: Peckham library

我還記得，在我年輕的時候，倫敦有一個很知名的建築事務所。那裡的建築師非常年輕，設計的東西也非常好，非常有意思。後來公司壯大了，他們的作品卻變得很糟糕，因為他們表現的東西太多了。許多商業公司就是這樣，按照造了多少建築、獲得多少利潤來評價自己。這一切都圍繞著金錢，金錢的確有幫助，但它不應該成為你思考如何做建築的主要動機。建築涉及的是一個更大的世界，人們稱之為建築史。人們期待一場對話，但是關於這些問題永遠也不會有答案。不過，未完成項目中一切有意思的想法都來自於你自身，只是出於某些原因，這些項目無法實現，可能是因為資本、政治問題或者其他各種各樣的問題。我有非常多的未建成項目，其中這個位於利物浦的項目一直在我的腦中揮之不去。這個項目沒有建成，我感到非常遺憾。我真的很喜歡這個項目。利物浦這座城市有甲殼蟲樂隊、老鷹樂隊，有很棒的足球隊等等。但你不能指望足球、好音樂來獲得個人成長。

I remember when I was very young, there was this famous firm in London. In reality, they were very young, they were quite good and quite interesting. Then they were very big and their work is terrible, awful, because they do too much. For me, like park, a lot of people in the UK think it won』t work. It』s not about the quantity of what you built. Some people think I am a great architect, because I built thousands of architectures, built a lot - large, mostly. This is what commercial firms always do: they judge themselves by how much they built, how much fees they get, how much profit they made. It』s all about money. Money helps, but it shouldn』t be your main motivation for thinking architecture. Architecture involves a much bigger world. It』s called the history of architecture. Despite people』s expectation of a conversation, there is never any answer to any of those questions. But interesting things you made of unbuilt architecture is coming from yourself, and other projects you work on for some reasons it won』t get built, it』s about money, political problems, all sort of things. I have so many unbuilt projects. One in Liverpool is so set in my mind because I was really sad about it. I really like the project. They have Beatles, they have Eagles, they have all sorts of things and good football teams too. That』s all I have, but you can』t live on football and good musical to learn.

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圖片均來自英築普創。

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