不定式用法Englishtec

不定式用法

不定式的用法：不定式的否定形式是在所有的不定式to前加not

(1)作主語

不定式短語作主語時，往往放在謂語之後，用it作形式主語。

To see is to believe．

眼見為實。

It is right to give up smoking.

戒煙是對的。

It is kind of you to cometo see me.

(2)作賓語

不定式短語作賓語時，如果還帶有賓語補足語，往往把不定式賓語放在賓語補足語之後，而用it作形式賓語。

e.g.He wanted to go．

他想走。

I find it interesting towork with him.

我發現和他一起工作有趣。

有作形式賓語,主要有兩類動詞:

謂語動詞是make; find;believe; think; feel等時,常用it作形式賓語

謂語動詞是表好惡的詞,如: like;dislike; hate; appreciate常用it作形式賓語

They made it possible to finishthe task in two days.

I find it difficult to studyEnglish well.

I hate it when a person speak withhis mouth full.

We will appreciate it if you helpus.

(3)作賓語補足語

He asked me to do the work with him．

他叫我跟他一起做這個工作。

注意：

1）在feel, hear,listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, have，1et, make等詞後的補足語中,不定式不帶to。

+不定式強調動作的全過程;

+現在分詞強調動作與賓語之間存在主動關係,及動作正在進行;

+過去分詞強調動作與賓語之間存在被動關係,及動作已經完成.如:

Imust see my child cross the street.

Isaw the thief stealing her money.

Youwill see many problems settled in this way.

2）但是這些句中如果變成被動結構時，就必須帶to。

Theboss made Miss White type the letter again.

注意:當這些動詞轉成被動語態時必須補充出來.如

MissWhite was made to type the letter again.

如果對這些動詞後的賓語提問,則照抄

Who(Whom) did the boss make typethe letter again?

Who(Whom) would you rather have gowith ?

(4)作定語

I have some books for you to read.

我有幾本書供給你讀。

註：作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點、工具等，不定式後面須有相應的介詞。

e.g.

He is looking for a room tolive in．

他在找一個房間住。

There is nothing to worry about．

無什麼可擔心的。

Please give me a knife to cutwith．

請給我把刀子來切東西。

:不定式是否用被動,不定式作定語與所修飾詞之間形成動賓關係,若句中有不定式的邏輯主語,不定式用主動;反之用被動.

Do you have anything to send ?你有東西要去寄嗎? (寄的動作是you發出的)

Doyou have anything to be sent ?你有東西要寄嗎? (寄的動作不是you發出的,是別人幫寄的)

Ihave something to say.

(5)作狀語，表示目的、原因、結果或條件。

e.g. I came here to see you．(目的)

We were very excited to hear the news．(原因)

He hurried to the school to find nobody there .

(結果)

To look at him，you would like。(條件)

目的狀語還可以用in order to或so as to來表示。

e.g.

In order to pass the exam，he worked veryhard．

為了考試及格，他學習很刻苦。

We ran all the way so as not tobe late．

為了別遲到我們一路上跑來的。

注意:不定式經常和only; never連用,強調出乎意料的結果或失望的情緒.

After that day they wereseparated, never to see each other again.

I hurried to get there , only tofind him out.

(6)不定式在句中用主動式還是被動式，多數情況下是容易判別的，但有時的確比較複雜，請注意以下幾點：

A)不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式邏輯上構成主謂關係時，不定式往往用主動形式。

Have you got a key to unlockthe door?

B)不定式和它前面被修飾的名詞或代詞構成邏輯上的動賓關係，又和該句主語構成邏輯上的主謂關係時，不定式常用主動形式。

I have got a letter to write．

He needs a room to live in．

C)不定式作表語形容詞的狀語，和句中的主語構成邏輯上的動賓關係時，不定式多用主動形式，這是因為人們往往認為形容詞後省去了for one或for people．

e.g.

He is hard to talk to．

The book is difficult tounderstand．

(7)不定式省to的情況

在使役動詞和感官動詞後省to

Don』t let me wait for long.

不定式動詞在介詞but，except，besides後面時，如果這些介詞之前有行為動詞do的各種形式，那麼，這些介詞後的不定式不帶to，否則要帶to。

e.g.

She could do nothing but cry．

她只會哭了。

What do you like to do besidesswimming?

除游泳外你還喜歡什麼?

I have no choice but to go．

我不得不走。

當不定式在系動詞be後作表語時,如果主語部分帶實義動詞do時,就可以省去to

The only thing I can do is waitfor help.

What boys like to do most isbecome businessmen.

All we have to do is clean or peelthem.

What I can do tomorrow is stay athome and sleep all day.

例子學習

To encourage the students totake outdoor exercise，ourschool organised a mountain-climbing on April 10.

為了鼓勵同學們進行戶外鍛煉，我校於4月10號進行了一次登山比賽。

動詞不定式還可以作結果狀語，表示出乎意料的結果。常與only，just等詞連用，表示結果。

Mr Green and his wife hurriedto the station，onlyto be told that the train had left.格林先生和他的妻子匆忙趕到車站，結果卻被告知火車已離開了。

特殊疑問詞＋不定式。

句式仿寫：在歐洲許多人不知道如何處理歐債危機。

In Europe，many people don』t knowwhat_to_do_with/how_to_deal_withthe European debt crisis.

Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and triedit on，only__________(find) it didn』tfit.

答案：tofind

________________(finish) theproject in time，thestaff were working at weekends.

答案：Tofinish

________________(compete) moreeffectively with others，moreand more people equip themselves with a higher education.

答案：Tocompete

Susan made ________clear to methat she wishes to make a new life for herself.

答案：it

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