技術的突破可能徹底改變燃料電池的遊戲規則
4G光元：研究人員開發了形成引起氧化的化學物質的方法，通常氧化會導致細胞膜中形成穿孔，並導致短路。通過新技術，專家可以開發防止損壞的方法
這將使燃料電池保持足夠的容量更長時間
科學家已經開發了一種新技術來檢查燃料電池的內膜，其突破可能徹底改變清潔能源的「遊戲規則」。
燃料電池的壽命依賴於稱為氧化的過程或其中心電解質膜的破壞 - 現在研究人員已經發現了一種方法來觀察引起該過程的化學物質的形成。
由於氧化可能導致在膜中形成孔並最終導致電池短路，因此新工作現在可以幫助開發防止這種損壞的方法，並延長燃料電池的使用壽命。
在聖路易斯華盛頓大學的研究人員使用一種稱為熒光光譜的方法，以便在燃料電池內發生的過程。該方法使用熒光染料作為標記，以揭示生化學物質的產生速率+2
清潔能源
燃料電池，而不是內燃機，通過電化學反應，使用氫氣作為燃料和空氣作為氧化劑，產生電力。
而且，水是他們的主要產品。
這意味著燃料電池可用於為汽車和手機等基本上任何電池供電的設備產生更清潔的電力。
以前，科學家們檢查了電池的排放量，以確定哪些反應可能導致了故障。
但是，新的方法顯示了在單元格內發生的更準確的評估過程。
由於氧化可能導致在膜中形成孔並最終導致電池短路，因此新工作現在可以幫助開發防止這種損壞的方法，並延長燃料電池的使用壽命。
「如果您購買一台設備 - 一輛汽車，一部手機 - 您希望它可以持續工作一段時間，」羅姆·B和Raymond H. Wittcoff工程學院環境與能源傑出教授Vijay Ramani說，應用科學。
「不幸的是，燃料電池中的部件可能會降解，保持長壽命並不容易。
「我們的新研究確實揭示了這些設備出現故障的一種模式，使我們能夠找出方法，從而提高使用這些燃料電池的設備的使用壽命。」
在聖路易斯華盛頓大學的研究人員使用一種稱為熒光光譜的方法，以便在燃料電池內發生的過程。
據該團隊介紹，這是該問題的第一個原位方法。
該方法使用熒光染料作為標記，以揭示產生有害化學物質（稱為自由基）的速率。
Ramani實驗室的博士生Zhangzhu Zhang表示：「通過與光纖結合使用熒光光譜，我們可以量化燃料電池內產生的氧化自由基，從而破壞膜。
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Game changing fuel cell breakthrough could revolutionise everything from phones to cars
Researchers developed way to see formation of chemicals that cause oxidation
Oxidation can cause holes to form in cell s membrane, and cause short circuit
With the new technique, experts could develop methods to prevent damage
This would allow batteries to remain at full capacity for far longer
Scientists have developed a new technique to examine the inner membrane of a fuel cell, in a breakthrough that could be a 『game changer』 for cleaner energy.
The lifetime of a fuel cell relies on a process called oxidation, or the breakdown of its central electrolyte membrane – and, researchers have now found a way to observe the formation of the chemicals that give rise to this process.
As oxidation can cause holes to form in the membrane and eventually cause the cell to short circuit, the new work could now help to develop ways to prevent this damage, and extend the life of the fuel cell.
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The researchers at Washington University in St Louis used an approach known as fluorescence spectroscopy to view the process as it occurs inside the fuel cell. The method uses fluorescent dye as a marker to reveal the rate at which the damaging chemicals are generated
CLEANER ENERGY
Fuel cells, as opposed to internal combustion engines, create power through electrochemical reactions, using hydrogen as fuel and air as an oxidant, according to the team from Washington University in St Louis.
And, water is their main product.
This means fuel cells could be used to generate cleaner electricity for essentially any battery-powered device, from automobiles to cellphones.
Previously, scientists examined the cell』s emissions to determine which reactions may have caused a breakdown.
But, the new approach shows the process as it occurs inside the cell for more accurate assessment.
As oxidation can cause holes to form in the membrane and eventually cause the cell to short circuit, the new work could now help to develop ways to prevent this damage, and extend the life of the fuel cell.If you buy a device – a car, a cell phone – you want it to last as long as possible,』 said Vijay Ramani, the Roma B. and Raymond H. Wittcoff Distinguished Professor of Environment & Energy at the School of Engineering & Applied Science.
『Unfortunately, components in a fuel cell can degrade, and it』s not an easy fix.
『What our new research does is really shed light on one of the modes by which these devices can fail, allowing us to figure out methods so we can improve the lifetime of devices that use these fuel cells.』
The researchers at Washington University in St Louis used an approach known as fluorescence spectroscopy to view the process as it occurs inside the fuel cell.
According to the team, it』s the first in situ approach to the issue.
The method uses fluorescent dye as a marker to reveal the rate at which the damaging chemicals, called free radicals, are generated.
『By using fluorescence spectroscopy in conjunction with an optical fiber, we can quantify the oxidative free radicals generated inside the fuel cell, which work to break down the membranes,』 said co-author Yunzhu Zhang, a doctoral candidate in Ramani』s lab.
Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-4926216/Fuel-cell-breakthrough-extend-battery-life.html#ixzz4tuWprYaa
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創造更持久的燃料電池
Creating longer-lasting fuel cells
September 27, 2017 by Erika Ebsworth-Goold
A team of engineers at Washington University in St. Louis has developed a new way to look inside fuel cells, in an effort to prevent oxidation that can shorten their lifespans. Credit: Washington University in St. Louis
Fuel cells could someday generate electricity for nearly any device that s battery-powered, including automobiles, laptops and cellphones. Typically using hydrogen as fuel and air as an oxidant, fuel cells are cleaner than internal combustion engines because they produce power via electrochemical reactions. Since water is their primary product, they considerably reduce pollution.
One issue that impacts the lifetime of the fuel cell is the oxidation, or breakdown, of its central electrolyte membrane. The process leads to formation of holes in the membrane and can ultimately cause a chemical short circuit.
An engineering team at Washington University in St. Louis has developed a new way to take a look at the rate at which oxidation occurs. Using fluorescence spectroscopy inside the fuel cell, they are able to probe the formation of the chemicals responsible for the oxidation, namely free radicals, during operation. The technique could be a game changer when it comes to understanding how the cells break down, and designing mitigation strategies that would extend the fuel cell s lifetime.
"If you buy a device—a car, a cell phone—you want it to last as long as possible," said Vijay Ramani, the Roma B. and Raymond H. Wittcoff Distinguished Professor of Environment & Energy at the School of Engineering & Applied Science. "Unfortunately, components in a fuel cell can degrade, and it s not an easy fix. What our new research does is really shed light on one of the modes by which these devices can fail, allowing us to figure out methods so we can improve the lifetime of devices that use these fuel cells."
The research, published this summer in the journal ChemSusChem, is the first to utilize an in situ approach to examine the fuel cell s inner membranes. A fluorescent dye is incorporated and used as a marker to ascertain the rate at which damaging free radicals are generated during operation.
"By using fluorescence spectroscopy in conjunction with an optical fiber, we can quantify the oxidative free radicals generated inside the fuel cell, which work to break down the membranes," said Yunzhu Zhang, a doctoral candidate in Ramani s lab, and study co-author.
Once they were able to observe the fuel cell s inner workings, the researchers noticed that the weaker the light emitted from the fuel cell membrane, the greater the breakdown occurring from within.
"We can see this process occurring in real time," said Shrihari Sankarasubramanian, a postdoctoral researcher who assisted with the project.
Until now, researchers examining fuel cell breakdown relied on the cell s emissions to determine which chemical reactions might have been to blame for membrane breakdowns. They say this new approach allows them to focus on the factors taking place inside for a better assessment.
"Since the free radicals that cause the fuel cell membrane degradation are so short-lived, and the anion exchange membranes are so thin, our novel in situ approach is key to better study, understand and prevent the chemical breakdowns that is occurring during fuel cell operation," said Javier Parrondo, a postdoctoral researcher and research co-author.
"The next step is to introduce antioxidant chemicals inside the fuel cell membranes, to see if they can reduce the rate at which these membranes break down," Ramani said.
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