一個被忽視的問題：怎麼換水？

換水，我估計大家基本的認同是養海缸必須是要換水的，不像淡水缸，也許一兩年都不用換水。因為海水缸實在太複雜了，裡面涉及到的元素多到數不清，而且極大多數是我們魚友所不能測量和控制的。不過大家各自換水的方式估計是千奇百怪的，各有各的理由當然。

就我個人來說，之前一直都是2個星期換水80升，大約10%，但是感覺每一次換水都是一次負擔，看到換水真的很頭疼。而且每次換水進去，感覺對缸都是一種衝擊，生物有負面反應，當然有可能是因為我鹽水比較新比較生，而且也沒有嚴格對溫。

前些天看到了這個文章（其實很早就看到了，但是很長我都沒心思看，所以也沒有了解它的意思），於是想驗證一下如果我進行少量多次換水，對於魚缸來說到底效果多大，跟大量換水有多少差距，有什麼優劣。當然，是要用數據說話不能只是憑感覺。文章是RC上的權威Randy Holmes-Farley寫的。

看英文文章很累，如果說看這篇文章，從頭看到尾一個字不漏我估計要1個小時。後來我想既然要花一個小時看完，我還不如花3個小時把它翻譯出來，分享一下。結果他媽的翻了我3天，當然，有工作要做不能一天到晚搞這個。下面是原文，請大家看一下，如發現有翻譯錯誤的請指正！

http://www.reefkeeping.com/issues/2005-10/rhf/index.php

Water Changes in Reef Aquaria

Water changes are, by definition, the act of replacing some aquarium water with "new" water. For various reasons, the ways to perform them and their importance are both a matter of some debate and confusion in the world of reef aquaria. Many aquarists perform them extensively, and others never do them. For those who do, the reasons vary and are sometimes even at odds with one another; for example, replenishing "trace elements" and exporting built up "impurities," with the identities of these two being unclear and possibly overlapping.

換水，顧名思義就是用新水去替換部分老水。因為很多原因，換水的重要性和換水的方法，一直是世界範圍內魚油間疑問和討論的內容。很多魚友大量的進行換水工作，而有些魚友則從不換水。對於那些換水的魚友來說，支持換水的理由也是各不相同，比如說：補充微量元素，或者排出老水中部分雜質和營養鹽。

Much of the confusion about water changes stems directly from uncertainty about three things

1. What is in the existing aquarium water

2. What is in the new aquarium water

3. What levels are optimal for different species.

While several authors have endeavored to more clearly answer these three questions (links to which are given in the references), the questions are really very complicated. Unfortunately, this article will not help to clarify these issues.

很多關於換水的疑問，直接來源於對以下3樣東西的不確定：- W- k7 b( G" e6 S3 a" k7 J. s- {) N+ |

1，缸水中有什麼

2，新水中有什麼7 l$ G/ X0 A3 f( k8 N

3，對不同的生物來說，什麼水質合適

很多人試圖去回答這三個問題（底下有連接），不過這幾個問題確實非常的複雜，不幸的是本文並不能幫助問答這些問題。

What this article does provide, however, is a clarified understanding of what water changes are capable of achieving. Using known or calculated rates of addition and depletion of a variety of chemicals in seawater, the effects of water changes can be readily modeled. The impact of water changes on calcium, alkalinity, magnesium, nitrate and sulfate, for example, are shown graphically. In several cases, these examples also serve to provide guidance as to what is occurring with other ions not modeled, but which would increase or decrease in a similar fashion. For example, the control of nitrate accumulation with and without water changes can also show what effect water changes have on other accumulating generic chemicals such as phosphate, organics, heavy metals, and other materials.

本文可以提供的，是換水可以帶來怎麼樣的效果。利用已知的，缸內消耗的以及添加的各種化學元素，換水的效果可以計算出來。換水對於缸內元素比如鈣、鎂、KH、硝酸鹽和硫酸鹽的影響，本文用圖表列出。另外有一些圖表，也可以用來判斷其他元素由換水帶來的影響，比如說：硝酸鹽在換水和不換水情況下累積情況的圖表，也可以用來判斷其他容易累積的化學成分比如說磷酸鹽、有機物、重金屬等。

How much water must be changed depends entirely on what the desired outcome of the water change actually is. If it is to reduce an accidentally added toxin, massive, immediate and repeated water changes may be appropriate. If it is to maintain calcium and alkalinity, large daily water changes may be necessary. If it is to keep slowly added or depleted ions (e.g., magnesium or strontium) from drifting away from "normal" levels, then smaller changes may be adequate q

到底需要換多少水，這完全由你換水想要達到的換水結果來決定。如果說是為了降低某種不小心添加進去的毒素濃度，那麼就需要儘快、極大量的換水。如果是為了維持鈣或KH，那就需要每天、較大量的換水。如果說為了維持那些消耗量不大的元素比如鎂或鍶，那麼較小量的換水就夠了。

Previous articles on water changes have "shown" that small water changes are not useful, and have sometimes left the impression that even many small water changes are not beneficial. It is also "common knowledge" among many reef aquarists that continuous water changes (where water is added and removed at the same time, usually by automatic pumping) is not very useful "because this removes some of the new water that was just added." As I ll show, these assumptions do not stand up to analysis for typical water change scenarios. Consequently, whether choosing to change a lot of water, or only a little, and whether it is done continually, daily, or only rarely, more water change options are available to aquarists than many realize. These increased options availability may permit busy aquarists to spend time on other important activities, and less time on water changes, while still accomplishing the same goals

以前的文章曾說過小量換水沒什麼作用，給人的印象就是即便是持續多次的小量換水也沒什麼用。另外還有一個普遍認識就是：同步換水（也就是一邊抽老水，一邊加新水，同步進行）也是沒什麼效果的，因為「這個過程中會有不少新水剛放進缸里就被抽走了」。下面我也將證明，這些假設在經過仔細分析後也站不住腳。因此，不管是選擇什麼方式換水，大量的，或者少量的，或者持續的，或者每天換，或者不經常換，其實換水有很多種可行方式，比大家想像的要多。對於那些比較忙的魚友，也有可用的換水方式，讓他們把較少的時間花在換水上，但也能達到同樣的效果。

This article is divided into the following sections:

Contents:

本文分一下章節討論：, n* ]( N" v" R+ W7 w* C. j6 R

目錄：

Introduction

簡介

What Can be Accomplished with Water Changes

換水可以達到什麼效果

Monthly Batch Water Changes: A Nitrate Example.

每月換水：以硝酸鹽為例

Size of Water Changes: A General Case

換水量：通用範例

Size of Water Changes: A Nitrate Example

換水量：以硝酸鹽為例

Water Changes to Add Something: Magnesium

通過換水補充元素：鎂

Water Changes to Add Something: Calcium and Alkalinity

通過換水補充元素：鈣和KH

Very Large Water Changes Maintain Calcium and Alkalinity,

很大量的換水來維持鈣和KH

Water Changes to Deplete Something: Sulfate from a Homemade Two-Part Additive,

通過換水排出元素：DIY鈣鎂KH補充液中的硫酸鹽

How to Perform Water Changes

怎樣換水

Large Batch Water Changes

大量換水

Small Batch Water Changes

小量換水

Continuous Water Changes

連續換水

Conclusion

總結

Additional Reading Related to Water Changes

喜歡這篇文章嗎？立刻分享出去讓更多人知道吧！

本站內容充實豐富，博大精深，小編精選每日熱門資訊，隨時更新，點擊「搶先收到最新資訊」瀏覽吧！

請您繼續閱讀更多來自 rlyl的自然世界 的精彩文章: