正確吃透《經濟學人》讓你雅思分數upupup
長線備戰雅思（三到五個月）or 想提高英語水平的人，可以通過閱讀《經濟學人》學到什麼？
1 先看下雅思考試要求
雅思考試的評分標準：（直接上9分的評分標準）
Task Achievement
Coherence and Cohesion
Lexical Resource
Grammatical Range and Accuracy
個人覺得《經濟學人》的文章完全滿足這四點，滿分！
PS：
如果是為了應付考試，可以根據考試題型、考試評分標準來選擇性的學習《經濟學人》。
畢竟有目的性的學習在短期內更有效果。如果單純為了學習英語，建議長期堅持，每天抽出一兩個小時閱讀經濟學人，養成習慣。
雅思寫作task 2最常出現的十個話題：
而這些話題在《經濟學人》里都可以找到相關的話題，只要找到一篇精讀，就可以積累相當多的辭彙√、用法√、句式√.......
2 再來看下具體的題目：
這是雅思speaking 部分 part2中的一個考題：
Describe a team project that you worked on. You should say:
what it was
what you did
and how you felt about it.
這是雅思writing 部分 task 2 有關team work 的作文：
Some teacher think it is effective for students to study in group while others think it is better to study alone. What are the benefits of each way and which one do you think is more effective?
當看到這個口語話題或者作文題目的時候，最先反映在頭腦里的應該是觀點。
而關於team work 辭彙、片語、表達，應該在生活中、備考過程中積累，平時看到就拿一個小本本記下來，或者用印象筆記，Instapaper存起來，放在手機里有空拿起來看一看。
而我們通讀《經濟學人》的過程中，對於備考而言，可以學習：
可以學習到的東西 對應雅思考核要求經濟學人對問題的見解（觀點）
（寫作任務回應情況）
用詞的準確性，豐富性（辭彙豐富程度）文章的結構、邏輯、連接(連貫與銜接）（語法多樣性和準確性）
用app聽音頻，練聽力
提升聽力和口語水平
下面拿經濟學人3.19日的文章來舉個例子
Team spirit
TEAMS have become the basic building-blocks of organisations. Recruitment ads routinely call for 「team players」. Business schools grade their students in part on their performance in group projects. Office managers knock down walls to encourage team-building.Teams are as old as civilisation, of course: even Jesus had 12 co-workers. But a new report by Deloitte, 「Global Human Capital Trends」, based on a survey of more than 7,000 executives in over 130 countries, suggests that the fashion for teamwork has reached anew high. Almost half of those surveyed said their companies were either in the middle of restructuring or about to embark on it; and for the most part, restructuring meant putting more emphasis on teams.
辭彙：
basic building-blocks 構成要素
knock down walls: 把牆推倒（destroy），這裡大概表示鼓勵員工建設團隊
在查字典的時候，只找到了knock sth down 的用法（reduce price)
grade： 用作動詞，給...評分
the fashion for ...流行
in the middle of 在…中
embark on it 開始做...（to start something new or important:
be about to do 打算做某事
表達團隊的詞伙：
team players
Theirperformance in group project
team building teamwork
put more emphasis on teams
結構：
這一段九個句子，簡簡單單，但是又有很多值得學習的地方（至少對我而言）。
描述team 的現狀:組織的重要組成部分，
舉了三個例子（recruitment ads, business schools，office managers)，
team有很久的歷史，
德勤最新的報道：團隊建設取得新高,
大部分公司現在在重組或者即將重組。
而重組意味著將重心放在團隊建設。
備考技巧
篇章中沒有用連接詞比如 for example 之類的，很順暢的用每個句子的邏輯把每個句子鏈接在一起，只在最後用了一個for the most part =mostly / usually
當早晨起來晨讀的時候，可以照著這個思路講一段"what do you think about team work?"這樣的對話；你也可以使用這些片語試著造句。
雅思作文的寫作有一個很好的方法，就是將每個短語片語串聯起來，然後擴寫、改寫（paraphrase），再將每個句子通過邏輯上的串聯(make a complex sentence)，就構成一個段落。
在paraphrase 中應該注意：
1.using synonyms
2.change the word order
3.change the form of word
4.change from active to passive
在make a complex sentence時，可以運用四種從句：
1.relative clauses
2. subordinate clauses
3. conditional clauses
4. compound sentences
第二段：
Companies are abandoning functional silos and organising employees into cross-disciplinary teams that focus on particular products, problems or customers. These teams are gaining more power to run their own affairs. They are also spending more time working with each other rather than reporting upwards. Deloitte argues that a new organisational form is on the rise: a network of teams is replacing the conventional hierarchy.
辭彙：
abandon functional silos： 放棄缺少合作的組織架構（functional silos ：an organisation whose functions tend to be less communicative and collaborative）
organise...into
cross-disciplinary teams 跨職能團隊（disciplianary:紀律的；懲戒的)
gaining more power 獲得更多能力
run their own affairs處理事務
reporting upwards
on the rise =increasing 上升
conventional hierarchy 傳統的等級制度
表達團隊的詞伙: a network of teams
a organisational form
結構：四句話
公司取消個人工作，組織專門化團隊；（用了一個定於從句修飾teams)
這些團隊有更大的能力運行事務；
花更多的時間一起工作；(用 more比較級，用...rather than句式）
新的組織形式增長，團隊取代個人。
The fashion for teams is driven by a sense that the old way of organising people is too rigid for both the modern marketplace and the expectations of employees. Technological innovation puts a premium on agility. John Chambers, chairman of Cisco, an electronics firm, says that 「we compete against market transitions, not competitors. Product transitions used to take five or seven years; now they take one or two.」 Digital technology also makes it easier for people to co-ordinate their activities without resorting to hierarchy. The 「millennials」 who will soon make up half the workforce in rich countries were reared from nursery school onwards to work in groups.
辭彙:
be driven by 驅使
be rigid for 對...來說是僵化的
morden marketplace 國際市場
Technological innovation 技術創新
puts a premium on：（ to consider something important or valuable）
Technological innovation puts a premium on agility. 技術創新使靈活性更有價值
market transitions/Product transitions 市場轉變/產品轉變
Digital technology 電子技術
resorting to hierarchy 不得不依靠等級制度（resort to sth:（別無辦法的情況下）訴諸，依靠，採用）
were reared from 有develop發展的意思
onwards 在...之後
表達團隊的詞伙:
co-ordinate their activities；work in groups
結構：五句話
團隊流行的原因：傳統組織形式太死板（用be driven by表達了一個結果狀語，用that引導同位語從句）
技術創新使靈活性更重要了。
思科總裁說，我們是和市場競爭，產品變革太快了。
電子技術也使得人們開始合作。（用了一個also表示遞進，用了一個without）
舉了一個例子（用了一個who引導的定於從句,用onwards to 引導一個時間狀語）
思路：總起1說原因，然後2，3，4繼續論證技術發展需要合作，5舉例再論證
The fashion for teams is also spreading from the usual corporate suspects (such as GE and IBM) to some more unusual ones. The Cleveland Clinic, a hospital operator, has reorganised its medical staff into teams to focus on particular treatment areas; consultants, nurses and others collaborate closely instead of being separated by speciality and rank. The US Army has gone the same way. In his book, 「Team of Teams」, General Stanley McChrystal describes how the army』s hierarchical structurehindered its operations during the early stages of the Iraq war. His solution was to learn something from the insurgents it was fighting: decentraliseauthority to self-organising teams.
辭彙：
the usual suspect 意料中會出現的人；經常做某事的人
collaborate 合作
being separated by speciality and rank 被專業領域和等級分開
hierarchical structure 階級結構
hindered its operations阻礙組織 （hinder：阻礙，妨礙）
insurgents 叛亂者
decentralise authority to把權力下方
表達團隊的詞伙: self-organising teams
結構：六句話
團隊在大公司和小公司中都很流行( 用from... to)
醫院領導重組醫生團隊，專註於特殊治療
諮詢護理等合作而不是分開了(用了一個instead of )
美國軍隊也如此The US Army has gone the same way.
在書中描述，階級鬥爭怎麼阻礙他的組織
解決辦法是將權利下放到小團隊中
思路：總起1，舉了兩個例子: 醫院23 軍隊456
3 閱讀方法
平時學習過程中，大家可以在網站上（閱讀原文）上閱讀，看得時候可以導到印象筆記或者instapaper里做筆記，用客戶端（app:Economist）的同學，可以直接在軟體里查詞，或者複製粘貼到上述軟體做筆記，也可以導成pdf放在手機下載的kindle里做筆記。
標註出自己不認識的單詞，或者覺得用的好的片語或者搭配，然後查閱字典（可以用歐陸詞典，或者蘋果自帶的牛津英漢漢英詞典等，或者kindle的詞典）
標註出自己覺得寫的好句式，下劃線，方便閱讀
整理完筆記後定期複習，相信你會有收穫的！
