路透社：以色列一洞穴發現非洲以外最古老人類化石
正文翻譯
原創翻譯：龍騰網 翻譯：zmx_cici 轉載請註明出處
論壇地址：http://www.ltaaa.com/bbs/thread-468059-1-1.html
Original Title: Oldest human remains outside Africa found in Israeli cave
中文標題：以色列一洞穴發現非洲以外最古老人類化石
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - A partial jawbone bearing seven teeth unearthed in a cave in Israel represents what scientists are calling the oldest-known Homo sapiens remains outside Africa, showing that our species trekked out of that continent far earlier than previously known.
華盛頓（路透社報）-以色列一洞穴出土的包含七顆牙齒的部分額骨，科學家稱此為非洲以外最古老的現代人化石，證明了我們祖先要比我們已知時間更早的離開非洲大陸。
A close-up view of the teeth accompanying the left maxilla of human remains from Misliya Cave in Israel, the oldest remains of our species Homo sapiens found outside Africa, is provided in this photo released on January 25, 2018. Courtesy Israel Hershkovitz Tel Aviv University Handout via REUTERS
圖為出土於以色列米利亞洞穴的左上顎的特寫鏡頭，是非洲以外出土的最古老的現代人化石。圖片由以色列特拉維夫大學透過路透社在2018年1月25日發表。
Researchers on Thursday announced the discovery of the fossil estimated as 177,000 to 194,000 years old, and said the teeth bore telltale traits of Homo sapiens not present in close human relatives alive at the time including Neanderthals.
周四研究人員宣布發現的化石估計有17.7萬至19.4萬年，並說現代人的牙齒特徵在當時在生的人類近親包括尼安德塔人（穴居人）身上是沒有的。
The fossil of the left part of the upper jaw of a young adult -the person"s sex remains unclear -- came from Misliya Cave on Mount Carmel"s western slopes about 7.5 miles (12 km) south of Haifa. Also found inside the large collapsed cave, once inhabited by humans, were blades and other stone tools that were sophisticated for the time, several hearths and burned animal bones.
該左上顎化石應該是來自於一位年輕人，性別不詳，是在距海法南部大約7.5英里（12千米）的迦密山西邊斜坡上的米利亞洞穴發現的。內部坍塌的洞穴曾經有人類棲息，有發現一些在當時挺複雜的刀具及其他一些石器，還有幾個灶台和燒過的動物骨頭。
Homo sapiens first appeared in Africa, with the earliest-known fossils roughly 300,000 years old. A key milestone was when our species first ventured out of Africa en route to populating the far corners of the globe.
現代人的化石最早出現在非洲，早期的化石距今大約有30萬年。一個重要的里程碑就是，我們的祖先第一次冒險走出非洲想要到世界最遠的角落。
Until now, the oldest Homo sapiens fossils outside Africa had come from two other cave sites in Israel, including one also on Mount Carmel, about 90,000 to 120,000 years old.
目前為止，以色列的兩個洞穴都發現了非洲以外最古老的現代人化石，包括在迦密山距今大約9萬至12萬年的化石。
The new discovery supports the idea that humans migrated out of Africa through a northern route, the Nile valley and the eastern Mediterranean coast, and not a southern route across the Bab al-Mandeb strait, the southern coast of Saudi Arabia, the Indian subcontinent and East Asia, said Tel Aviv University paleoanthropologist Israel Hershkovitz, who led the study.
負責此研究的以色列特拉維夫大學古人類學家赫斯科維茲（ Israel Hershkovitz）表示，此新發現支撐了人類由北方路線尼羅河流域和東地中海海岸遷徙出非洲的說法，而不是通過曼達布海峽，沙烏地阿拉伯南海岸，印度次大陸和東亞這一南方路線遷徙的說法。
「This is an exciting discovery that confirms other suggestions of an earlier migration out of Africa,」 added paleoanthropologist Rolf Quam of Binghamton University in New York, a co-author of the study published in the journal Science.
羅爾夫（Rolf Quam），是發表在《科學雜誌》上這篇研究的合著者，也是美國賓漢姆頓大學古人類學家，說「這是個令人興奮的發現，因為這個發現確認了人類早期遷徙出非洲的其他學說」。
「Now we finally have fossil evidence of this migration, in addition to inferences drawn from ancient DNA studies and archaeological sites,」 Quam said, referring to genetic research suggesting a migration from Africa at least 220,000 years ago and probably earlier.
羅爾夫說，「除了遠古DNA研究以及考古遺址的推論，現在我們終於有了該遷徙的化石證據」。遺傳研究表明人類從非洲遷徙至少22萬年以前，甚至更早。
Hershkovitz said he believes Homo sapiens may have originated some 500,000 years ago.
赫斯科維茲說他相信現代人有可能源於50萬年以前。
The Misliya humans were likely nomadic, moving around the landscape following the movements of prey species or according to the seasons of the year, Quam said.
羅爾夫還說，米利亞人有可能是游牧民族，根據獵物的足跡或四季四處遷移。
「They were capable hunters of large-game species including wild cattle, deer and gazelles. They also made extensive use of plant materials, including perhaps for bedding,」 Quam added.
「他們能夠捕獵像野牛、鹿和羚羊這些大型物種。他們也能廣泛利用植物原料，甚至包括做床上用品。」羅爾夫補充道。
評論翻譯
原創翻譯：龍騰網 翻譯：zmx_cici 轉載請註明出處
論壇地址：http://www.ltaaa.com/bbs/thread-468059-1-1.html
1. Christian Martinez： I thought those were toes, but they"re teeth!
我以為這些是腳趾頭，但是它們是牙齒呀！
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2. Teddy Locsin Jr.： important to remember, WE ARE ALL AFRICANS. (You try to sit next to the Kafue river, with an open hardwood fire, at the time of the African sunset, and you"ll never want to leave.)
重要的是要記住，我們都是非洲人。（在非洲日落的時候，試著在卡富埃河邊上坐，烤著火堆，你不會想要離開的）
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3. L.C.N：Prepare to find even older humans in brazil, which geographical closeness to africa is curiously, never considered in any or all accounts.
準備去巴西找更古老的人類啦，地理上也很靠近非洲啊，奇怪的是怎麼就沒人考慮呢。
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4. Rachel Atherton： Interesting thing is a lot of teeth in living humans today aren"t even remotely in as good of shape.
有趣的是現在活人的牙齒還沒這個遠古牙齒的形狀要好哩。
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5. JerryAscione：That"s not ancient. My grandpa was looking for his dentures he dropped them. Ty for finding them.
這不是遠古的啦。我爺爺在找他丟了的假牙。謝謝你們幫找到。
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6. Bashir G：We are fighting over Israel and Palestine instead of welcoming this good news. Okay guys it was found in cave in Israetine.
我們在和以色列、巴勒斯坦打仗啊，不歡迎這些好新聞啊。好吧，這是在以色斯坦發現的。
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7. Mark：How do we know someone on their way out of Africa didn"t drop their favourite ancestor relic some time later?
我們怎麼知道是不是他們遷徙出非洲的途中落下他們心愛的祖先的遺物呢？
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8. Frankie： To those saying Israeli or Palestine: It"s in west Asia, Middle East area near a desert and a famous sea.
和這些爭論是在以色列還是巴勒斯坦的人說：這是在西亞，靠近沙漠和一個著名的海的中東區域。
譯註：文章推特下有多條評論爭論該地點是在以色列還是巴勒斯坦。
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9. sandile kolomba ： in this 21century where tech has took over almost everything it"s difficult to believe how true and honestly this is.
在21世紀，科技幾乎佔據了所有方面，很難相信這有多真實。
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10. Randall：All of the oldest human remains and artifacts seem to come from locations around the Mediterranean Sea.
所有這些古人類化石和文物似乎都在地中海附近發現的。
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11. WizardsTrash：Fake news. Earth isnt older than 5 thousand years
假新聞。地球年齡不超過五千年。
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12. Dan Ferraris：Left maxilla including a wisdom tooth (at least 18-20 yo) No decay and very little wear, but some evidence of bone loss around the roots. Bone loss usually indicates age and lack of wear the opposite?
左上顎股有顆智齒（至少18-20歲了），沒有腐爛也怎麼磨損，但是牙根有點骨質流失。骨質流失可判斷年齡以及缺乏穿異性。
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13. Ted Kinni: Love that we"re all black/Jewish/Arabs
大愛！我們都是黑人/猶太人/阿拉伯人
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