更新世-新仙女木事件中的clovis文明

新仙女木為常考話題，例如2014.6.21的真題 Climate Change and the Natufian People 考察了新仙女木氣候變化對於 Natufian文明的影響，而2018.1.27號的真題Did Clovis People eat plant as a main source of food針對的是Clovis文明的考察。

這篇文章將通過分析clovis特有的一種工具幫助大家了解這個文明。

Clovis文化中最讓人印象深刻的是 stone tools。

Clovis points are lanceolate in overall shape

它們大小不一，最有特色的地方在於有許多凹槽。

對於當時的人們來說製作凹槽是一個費力的過程，人們費力製作凹槽，應該是其對於工具的使用有很重要的作用。

作用一：scholars first suggested that the long channels enhanced bloodletting

不合理之處： Since the flutes are largely covered by the hafting element that"s not likely.

作用二：The thinned base might have been a shock absorber, absorbing physical stress and preventing catastrophic failures while being used.

Points的用途（研究方法結合2014.11.29 Stone Tools and Pottery Fragments第二段）：

There is no doubt that some of these points were for hunting: the point tips often exhibit impact scars, which likely resulted from thrusting or throwing against a hard surface (animal bone). But, microwear analysis has also shown that some were used multifunctionally, as butchery knives.

針對 whether they were solely big game hunters一直有討論

起初學者認為people in the Americas to rely on megafauna (large bodied mammals) as prey. Clovis culture was, for awhile, blamed for the late Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions.

雖然有一些遺址表明了 Clovis hunters killed and butchered large-bodied animals, 但是越來越多的證據表明 they didn"t rely solely on or even largely on megafauna. 因為發現他們不光捕捉 extinct horse, bison, and elephant,而且也捕捉birds, deer and reindeer, bears, coyote, beaver, rabbit, bighorn sheep and pigs.

真題內容回憶

一些考古發現指出，Clovis人有可能把植物作為主要的食物來源。這些考古發現包括：用來磨穀物的巨大石頭、穀物外殼的殘留、磨損嚴重的牙齒。

但是後來發現，他們確實有食用植物，但並不是作為主要的食物來源。

因為男性捕獵，女性採集。所以女性對植物的分布，不同季節食物的營養更敏感，他們會不斷的移動。

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