每日摘要：柑橘屬物種起源和演化的基因組學研究

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Genomics of the origin and evolution ofCitrus

First author:Guohong Albert Wu;US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute(美國能源部聯合基因組研究所):California, USA

Corresponding author:Guohong Albert Wu

The genusCitrus, comprising some of the most widely cultivated fruit crops worldwide, includes an uncertain number of species. Here we describe ten natural citrus species, using genomic, phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses of 60 accessions representing diverse citrus germ plasms (種質), and propose that citrus diversified during the late Miocene epoch (中新世) through a rapid southeast Asian radiation that correlates with a marked weakening of the monsoons (季風). A second radiation enabled by migration (遷移) across the Wallace line (華萊士線) gave rise to the Australian limes (酸橙) in the early Pliocene epoch (上新世). Further identification and analyses of hybrids and admixed genomes provides insights into the genealogy (系譜) of major commercial cultivars of citrus. Among mandarins (柑橘) and sweet orange (甜橙), we find an extensive network of relatedness (關聯性) that illuminates the domestication of these groups. Widespread pummelo (柚子) admixture among these mandarins and its correlation with fruit size and acidity (酸度) suggests a plausible (貌似有理的) role of pummelo introgression (基因滲入) in the selection of palatable (可口的) mandarins. This work provides a new evolutionary framework for the genusCitrus.

柑橘屬，由眾多在世界範圍內廣泛栽培的水果作物組成，其具體包含多少個物種還不確定。本文對十個自然的柑橘屬物種進行基因組、系統發育及生物地理方面的研究，研究對象包含60個不同材料的柑橘屬物種，覆蓋了各種不同的柑橘種質，提出柑橘屬物種在中新世晚期由於顯著減弱的季風作用而在東南亞快速的輻射。另外一次物種輻射出現在上新世早期，柑橘屬物種遷移越過華萊士線，進入澳大利亞，澳大利亞的酸橙由此而來。進一步對於雜種和混合基因組的鑒定和分析揭示了世界上主要栽培種柑橘的譜系。在柑橘和甜橙之間，作者發現一個廣泛的關聯性網路，揭示了這些群體的馴化作用。在這些柑橘基因組中鑒定到了來自柚子基因組信息，以及其與果實大小和酸度的關係，顯示在人為的選擇可口的柑橘時，柚子的基因滲入可能扮演著非常重要的作用。本文的工作為柑橘屬物種的演化帶來了新的提示和參考。

doi: 10.1038/nature25447

Journal:Nature

Published online: 07 February, 2018

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