科學家Jeff Lieberman：我是誰？
【TED演講】Jeff Lieberman：科學與靈性
演講原文：http://bea.st/inevolution/?p=264
Three years ago was a turning point in my life, because I finally had everything I thought I needed to be fulfilled, and I still had this voice in my head saying 「I』ve got to do more to be happy」. The more that I looked at my own suffering deeply, the more I saw it in every single person around us. We have trouble standing in lines, we』re impatient with our own children. It』s as if we all think the future holds the promise for our fulfillment. I come from a scientific background, and so I wanted to use that background to understand the real root and source of why there is so much suffering. Where it』s led me has totally changed my views of the current scientific paradigm. More importantly than that, it』s changed my views on what it means to be a human being, and to be alive. I want to share this theory with you, and it is way out there, so I ask you to have a critical but open mind for the next 14 minutes, because you might not actually be what you think you are.
3年前是我人生的一個轉折點，因為我終於擁有了我所渴望的一切。但腦海里仍有個聲音對我說「我需要更多才能快樂」?越多地去審視自身的痛苦，我越看到同樣的痛苦，也困擾著我身邊的每個人。我們不願意排隊，我們對自己的孩子沒耐心，就好像我們以為未來的某一天，自己終會坐享其成。
我是研究科學的，所以我想用科學去讀懂人類受苦的根源，但這徹底顛覆了我對現代科學所了解的一切。更重要的是，改變了我對於「人」的理解和生存的意義。我希望和你們分享這個理論，這可以會非常難以置信。所以我請求你們在接下來的十四分鐘當中，你可以批判，但請你保持一顆開明的心。因為很有可能：人，根本不是你所了解的那個「人」
So who am I? I』m a human being, and I am 33 years old. But if you take a microscope and you look at any part of me, you see cells. I am a community of fifty trillion cells doing a magic dance, but if you look at any one of those cells with an even closer microscope, you see twenty trillion atoms. So I am also a community of a thousand trillion trillion atoms, but when you look at those atoms really up close they fade away, and all you see is energy. And 13.7 billion years ago, at the Big Bang, everything that we』ve ever found in the universe was was one infinitesimal, undifferentiated, pure energy.
All of us are energy. A human being is a very complex pattern of energy. I stand here as a 33 year old basically motionless, but when you look at any single part of me, I』m moving the speed of light, and I』m the age of the universe. So the question for me is: I know this conceptually, why don』t we feel it? Why do we walk around and we are so sure that we are a human being all the time, and we never feel like we are energy? Because it sounds awesome. I think the reason that we don』t notice it is because we are so distracted by the human levels of our experience that we fail to notice what is always sitting beneath. So I want to look at those distractions.
Take five seconds, and think about something that you are going to do tomorrow. What you just did is something that as far as we understand, no other organism in the entire universe can do. You just built an alternate reality inside your head. You just made a prediction about the future that has never happened in reality. This power for prediction, when you can compare alternate realities, allows you to plan for the future. From agriculture to your retirement, this has changed the face of the planet. It』s probably the most significant evolutionary step forward since walking upright.
I want to look at this tool in your head, because your mind is a thought generating machine, to make, proliferate predictions about the future, to guide and goal-orient your behavior. What does this machine look like in all of our heads in 2011?
Another experiment: take 10 seconds and stop thinking…
…Did anyone make it 10 seconds? I make it about two and then I start strategizing about how I』m going to stop thinking and then I think about that the whole time. What this means is you have such an evolutionarily advantageous tool that it』s become completely compulsive, but you』ve got to remember, no other organism does this at all. And the side effect of having the most evolutionarily advantageous tool in the entire universe sitting in your head is that you have no control over it, and when you have no control and you compulsively generate all these possible realities, you always compare them to where you are, to try and goal orient your behavior. This creates an entirely new class of human suffering. Things like jealousy, and regret about something that happened in the past, and anxiety about your future, no other organism can feel. I want to understand if it』s possible to totally eliminate those sources of suffering from humanity.
This is just a brief list of all those possible sources of suffering.
那麼我是誰？我是一個人，今年33歲。但如果用顯微鏡觀察我身體的某一部位你會看到細胞，我的身體是由50萬億個舞動的細胞組成。如果再用高倍的顯微鏡去觀察這些細胞，你會看到20萬億個原子，就是說，我的身體是由100000000000000000000000000000個原子構成。你若再近距離的觀察這些原子他們會逐漸消失，剩下的只有飄忽不定的能量。
137億年前，大爆炸發生時，宇宙中曾經所存在的一切，僅為這些極小的，未分化的，純粹的能量。
我們就是能量，人的身體就是一個複雜的能量格局。一個33歲的我一動不動地站在這裡，但當你觀察我身體的任何一部分，我正在以光的速度移動，並且我與宇宙同始同在。
那問題是我明白這個概念，但我們為什麼感覺不到？為什麼一直以來我們如此確定自己只是個「人」，而從未感覺自己是能量？能量聽起來多牛叉！
我認為感覺不到真實的自己的原因在於我們把所有的精力都放在了人類層次的一些瑣事上，以致於忽略了潛藏於內心深處的力量。
先看一下我們是怎麼分心的：花5秒鐘去想想你明天要做什麼。你剛剛所做的，據人類所知，全宇宙還沒有其他生物可以做到。你剛才在腦袋裡創造了一個虛擬現實，並對現實中還沒有發生的未來做了預測。這種假設的能力當你用幾種有可能發生的現實做比較時，你也在規劃著未來，大到農業發展，小到你的退休。這改變了地球上的一切，這估計也是人類進化史上繼直立行走之後的最重要的里程碑。
另一個小實驗：試著花十秒鐘什麼都不想。有人堅持了10秒嗎？我堅持了大概2秒，然後剩下的時間我一直在想：怎麼才能什麼都不想。這意味著人類的進化給予了我們這份特別的卻無法掌控的能力。但你要知道沒有任何其他生物有假設的能力，並且這進化來的超能力也是有副作用的。就彷彿全宇宙都在你的腦子裡，卻由不得你來支配。
當你無法控制你腦子裡在想什麼，你被迫創造了這些，均有可能發生的現實，你不停地拿這些可能性與現狀做對比，試圖計算出下一步怎麼走，但這也成就了新人類痛苦的根源。比如嫉妒、後悔於過去或擔憂於未來，這都是只有人類才會感受的。我想知道有沒有根除這痛苦的可能。
為了搞懂是否有根除痛苦的可能，我們需要用科學實驗來了解自己，我們必須摘下有色眼鏡毫無批判的去審視我們所有層面的經歷。但這也出奇地難，因為我們在生活中投入了太多太複雜的情感。有些人能體會，當你在電影院全身心地沉浸其中，幾分鐘過後，你完全忘記了自己在看電影，直到影片結束耀眼的燈光把你打回現實，你仍有些神魂分離。但要我們站在另一個角度，去觀看自己主演的電影「生活」就越發的難上加難。
下面的兩個小實驗，只能讓你初嘗到一個需要經年累月才能理解的意義。
In order to find out if it is possible to remove those sources, we have to take a kind of scientific experimental objective look at ourselves. We have to look at all the layers of our own experience and try to be as objective as possible about them. This is amazingly difficult because we』re so emotionally involved in our own lives. As any of you know, if you go to a movie and you are emotionally involved, two minutes into it you totally forget that you are at a movie, and the lights turn on at the end and you are shocked back into reality. So this is even more difficult because we have to look at our own movie, the movie inside our consciousness.
We are going to do two quick experiments, which will only give a taste of something that takes much longer to kind of understand the depth of.
The first experiment is with sight. From what we understand in physics, all light is a vibration of electromagnetic field. None of those light waves intrinsically have any color, there』s just this change in frequency. But once those waves go into your eye and into your brain, you create the subjective experience of color. What this means is that you all think that you』re seeing me out here with a red shirt on, but this red only exists in your head. This entire picture you are seeing is happening inside your head; in a movie inside your consciousness, and if you remove a little bit of the attention from me directly, you can start to have some attention on yourself – noticing that you are seeing me – inside your head.
So lets do a second experiment that is even more subtle than that one. Read this sentence twice, silently to yourself…
第一個實驗是關於視覺的，我們在物理學中發現所有的光源都來自於電磁場的震動，光的本質沒有任何顏色，只有頻率上的變化，但當光源反射到你的眼中再傳輸到你的大腦，你的大腦創造了主觀的顏色。這意味著你所看到的身穿紅衣的我，但這個紅色僅存於你的大腦之中。你所看見的整個畫面僅發生在你的腦海里，就像你意識在播放電影，而如果你把注意力從我身上移開，你會開始注意到你自己，那個正在你大腦里看著我的你自己。
那下面的第二個實驗，比第一個更加奇妙。
…It』s weird, right? But you can get this very weird, subtle perspective that you can look at your own thought process objectively. You are actually listening to the soundtrack of thoughts inside your head; in your movie of consciousness.
Now imagine that I do this process for thousands of hours, and I just try to look as objectively as possible at my thoughts, my emotions, my perceptions, and even the way that my brain has modeled space and time. The more I pull the attention away from the thoughts and perceptions, the more I seem to notice myself noticing these things inside my consciousness. Eventually maybe I can pull all of the attention way from all of those layers of thoughts, perceptions, my body, my sensations – and there』s nothing left to perceive. There』s nothing left that I can consider myself because I have seen it all in front as not me. Yet the one thing that remains is this feeling of existence. I am remains. This feeling of I am. What I find when I sit in that state is that what my identity is, is beyond perception. It cannot be perceived, but it is still experienced. This I am is the root of our entire existence. I am is latent in every single aspect of our existence, but just like a fish might never notice the water that it swims in, we might never notice the I am, because it』s covered.
試著在心裡默讀這個句子兩遍「我能聽到我腦海里正在讀句子的聲音。」是不是很詭異？之所以詭異是因為你從這個微妙的角度能夠客觀地觀察你的思維，你實際聽到的是自己在腦袋裡給自己的想法配的音。
試想一下，接下來的數千個小時如果我繼續這個實驗，我會儘可能地客觀的觀察我的思想、情緒和觀念，甚至我的大腦對時間和空間的認知。越是把注意力從我的思想觀念上轉移開，我越更多地意識到另一個自己正在暗中觀察著自己。最終我或許可以把注意力從一層又一層的想法、認知、身體和感官中抽出來，剩下的只有毫無感知的意識，直到什麼都不剩。我看到了那些擺在眼前曾經屬於我的標籤並不是我，唯一剩下的只有這種存在的感覺。
I Am只是一種存在感。我發現在這時「我」的定義早已超越了意識可理解的範疇。「我」到底是什麼？雖然令人難以理解，但它無時不刻地與我們同在。「我」即是宇宙的根源，「我」潛藏於我們生命的每一瞬間。就像魚兒可能永遠不知道自己游在
I am is a completely empty experience. It』s devoid of any content, and when I experience it directly, on its own, there』s the possibility for a realization.
Maybe I』m not a human being that has consciousness. Maybe I』m consciousness that is shaped into a human being.
When I see this totally empty experience, there is no content, form, structure – there』s not even a model of space and time that is generated in the mind. We』ve seen those conditions before. 13.7 billion years ago when the entire universe was an undifferentiated pure energy. So just maybe there』s the potential to realize directly, I am that energy. I always have been that energy and I always will be that energy.
「我」即是空，它完全沒有任何的實質性，但當我親身經歷過它之後，才會有可能意識到。
或許我不是個「有意識」的「人」，或許我是一個「化成人形」的「意識」。
當我看到這空空如也的「我」既沒有故事，也沒有形態，甚至連時間空間的概念也沒有，我們其實對此再熟悉不過了。
Einstein said that thoughts suffer from an optical illusion of consciousness. This illusion that there is a separate person inside an environment, when in reality there』s just energy in motion, everywhere. Just like an ocean is water in motion – we can call a certain part of that ocean a wave but that gives us the illusion that the wave is a separate entity in the ocean. A wave is not in the ocean, a wave is the ocean. Similarly we might not be waves, maybe we』re the ocean. Maybe all of us are energy and we can realize that directly.
This experience could never be reduced to words – because it makes words, but it could be experienced. I think that is such an important experience that people have been trying to name it for thousands of years. They call it spiritual enlightenment. I think that the first human beings started realizing that they were fundamentally energy about 2500 years ago. All of them say the same thing – it is the complete ending of human suffering. Of course it』s the end of human suffering! All suffering is based on the illusory separation that there』s an individual in the environment, that there』s a person that has to survive, that this specific collection of a thousand trillion trillion atoms has to hold itself together. However, if I realize directly that I am energy, and I realize that the body and the mind are a temporary manifestation of that energy, then I can fully accept that the death of the body and the mind was never something that happened to me, because I was always energy and I always will be.
If I were to experience that directly, this voice in my head that tells me I have to do certain things in order to be fulfilled loses all of its power. At this very moment I never have to listen to that voice again. Everything in life becomes a game, for fun; a play. We』ve all experienced that, but it』s very hard to remember, because we were so young. Maybe we were at the beach building a sand castle and the entire world faded away because we were only building it to build it – and we weren』t trying to get somewhere else. We hadn』t even learned how to plan, so the only moment that mattered to us was right now. I think that this experience is so important and powerful that every religious tradition at its core has been trying to convince us of its importance, and if it』s true. – if the true end of all human psychological suffering is actually possible – it is the most important thing science could be studying.
137億年前，宇宙中只有未分化的純粹的能量，或許我們會意識到你我就是那個能量，從始至終，我們一直都是，並且永遠都會是能量。愛因斯坦曾說：「思想總是被意識的幻覺折磨」這種幻覺讓你覺得你是個獨立的人，但實際上你是無處不在、無時不刻都在運作的能量。就像海洋是由流動的水組成，我們可以命名海洋其中一片為海浪，但這也使我們產生錯覺，認為這一片海浪是脫離海洋的個體。但一片海浪並不在大海之中，這一片海浪就是大海。同樣我們或許也不是海浪而是整片的海洋。這樣我們能直觀地理解我們都是不可分割的能量，這種領悟是無法用語言解釋的，因為是它創造的語言，你只能去體會它。
幾千年來，人們試圖為其命名，有人叫它——靈性開悟。據我所知，大約在2500年前已有人類開始意識到我們的本質是能量，從此以後所有開悟的人都在說：「靈性的開悟會終結人類的痛苦。」毋庸置疑這將結束人類的苦難！
所有的痛苦都源於個體與整體分離的幻覺，幻覺讓你覺得你是一個為生存而掙扎的人，幻覺讓你相信你身體里兆億的原子只是肉體。然而如果我意識到我是能量，我的身心只是能量所塑造的短暫的幻影，我將欣然地接受死亡，我的心智即是幻想，因為真實的我將永遠是能量而已。如果我這樣思考，那個在我腦海里操控我的聲音將變得蒼白無力，從今以後我再也不用被那個聲音所控制。
人生繼而變成了一場精彩的遊戲。我們小時候都有過類似的經歷，但你可能記不清了，多年前，或許在某個海灘，當我們建造沙灘城堡時整個世界都不復存在了。因為當初的我們心無雜念，我們甚至還沒學會如何計劃，所以唯一重要的一刻就是現在。
我認為這種領悟是如此地至關重要，以致於所有的宗教都在試圖說服我們它的重要性。如果這真的能夠終結人類心理上所遭的罪，這將是科學史上最偉大的成就。
When we look at monks and nuns who have meditated or prayed for thousands of hours we see remarkable shifts on their brain scans. Trillions of neural connections have changed configuration. Along with this quantifiable, objective change in the operating system of the brain, they describe a feeling of undifferentiated, infinite, oneness. To me that sounds like they are having the direct experience of being energy. Enlightenment science and enlightenment engineering would study these ancient technologies of prayer and meditation as data sets to understand what has to change in the structure of a human brain for a human being to understand that they are energy directly. We still have no idea how much modern technology could completely change our ability to understand that. Maybe it』s possible that within our lifetimes we could eradicate human suffering.
What would the world look like then, if every single one of us felt complete, felt whole, and felt interconnected?
When you let go of individual survival, all of your priorities change because you actually see the entire world as your body. You see the suffering of others as your own suffering and you want to help. What is the actual power of a human being to really benefit the world, when they are able to put the priorities of the whole system in front of themselves, even if that means they have to die in the process? How many of us can do that right now?
What if seven billion of us did that?
Maybe the one thing that keeps us from actually solving all of the other problems in the world is this persistent, flawed thought that we are separate from the world. Maybe it』s time we change our minds.
從冥想了數千個小時的出家人的腦電圖中我們可以看到異常明顯的變化，上萬億連在一起的神經元結構發生了天翻地覆的改變。隨著大腦中樞神經量化的、客觀的變化，他們形容自己有一種無二無別、無窮無盡、混為一體的感覺。在我聽來，這像是他們直觀地體驗了作為能量的本質。
靈性科學必須從古老的冥想和祈禱中研究出如何改變人類大腦的結構才能使人明白他們實際上是能量，我們仍不知道還要多先進的科學技術才能使人類徹底醒悟，或許在有生之年我們可以結束人類的一切苦難。這會是怎樣的一個世界：如果世上每一個人都能感到人與人心連心的完整，當你不再為了自身而掙扎，你人生的著重點即會改變。因為你會覺得全世界就是你自身，你會把被人的痛苦當作自身的痛苦，繼而想去幫助他們。
一個真正想去造福世界的人的力量，當他們把眾人的利益放在首位，即便那意味著要犧牲自己，有多少人現在能夠做到？如果全世界70億人都這樣做呢？也許阻礙我們解決所有問題的根源在於自己是脫離於世界的個體，也許是做出改變的時候了。
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