科學家發明出普遍適用的癌症血檢方法

最新 02-13

不只專註醫學英語

熱點詞話(醫學版)

以科研和事實為依託

以醫學和英語為支點

關懷生命與健康

本期音頻版頭由江蘇揚州人，現任職於廣東省人民醫院PICU的孫躍玉博士傾情演繹

Key Words

detectadmissionsusceptible

serotoninshot

>>>detect

[di?t?kt]v.

to discover or notice sth, especially sth that is not easy to see, hear, etc.

發現；查明；偵察出

【事件】科學家朝醫學界最重大的目標之一邁出了一大步----他們發明了一種普遍適用的癌症血檢方法。約翰·霍普金斯大學的一個團隊在一千名病人身上測試了一種名為「CancerSEEK」的方法，觀察該方法能否檢測出8類癌症。測試結果顯示，檢測成功率為70%；在癌症處於早期時，檢出率最低。領銜該研究的Nickolas Papadopoulos醫生表示，這一方法帶來了巨大希望。

【洋文】Scientists have taken a step towards one of the biggest goals in medicine, a universal blood test for cancer. A team at Johns Hopkins University United States has tested a method called CancerSEEK on a thousand patients to see if it coulddetect8 types of the disease. The test showed a success rate of 70%. Rates of detection were lowest when the cancer was at an early stage. The doctor Nickolas Papadopoulos who led the study said it offered great hope.(BBC, 24 January 2018)

【擴展】The new test should enable doctors todetectthe disease early.

新的檢測手段應該能夠使醫生們儘早查出這種疾病。(參看《柯林斯高階英漢雙解學習詞典》)

>>>admission

[?d?mi??n]n.

the process of taking someone into a hospital for treatment, tests, or care

入院治療或檢查，收治

【事件】種植樹木可以緩解居住在高污染都市地區者哮喘發作的情況，英國埃克塞特大學的一組研究人員如是說。他們發現，大量的樹木可減少這些地區與哮喘相關的入院治療人次。他們的研究結果發表在《國際環境》期刊上。該研究的數據包含了在超過15年的時間裡所記錄的65萬例以上的嚴重哮喘發作。

【洋文】Planting trees can ease asthma attacks in people who live in highly polluted urban areas. So says a team of researchers from the University of Exeter in England. They found that an abundance of trees led to fewer asthma-related hospitaladmissionsin those areas. Their findings are published in the journalEnvironment International. The data included more than 650,000 serious asthma attacks recorded over 15 years.(Health in a Heartbeat, 1 January 2018)

【擴展】Shortly after hisadmissioninto hospital he had a massive brain haemorrhage and died.

住院後不久，他就死於大面積腦溢血。(參看《柯林斯高階英漢雙解學習詞典》)

>>>susceptible

[s?"sept?bl]adj.

likely to suffer from a particular illness or be affected by a particular problem

易得病的；易感的；易受影響的

【事件】眾所周知，分心駕駛是導致交通事故的主要原因。世界衛生組織估計每年有超過100萬人死於交通事故，而分心是許多事故的一個主要因素。

挪威一項研究重點探討了哪些人更容易在開車時分心。研究人員發現，性格外向者、經常開車的人(老司機)和年輕人是最容易分心駕駛的人群。發表於《心理學前沿》期刊上的該項研究結果表明，年長的女性和那些自稱「能夠控制自己不分心」的人更有可能安全駕駛。

【洋文】It"s no secret that distracted drivers are a leading cause of vehicle accidents. The World Health Organization estimates more than 1 million people are killed in traffic accidents each year, and distraction is a major factor in many of them.

A study by researchers in Norway focused on who might be moresusceptibleto being distracted while driving. They found that extroverts, people who drive a lot and young men top the list. Older women and those who said they could limit distractions were much more likely to drive safely, according to the results in the journalFrontiers in Psychology.(Health in a Heartbeat, 5 January 2018)

【擴展】Walking with weights makes the shoulders verysusceptibleto injury.

負重行走時肩膀很容易受傷。(參看《柯林斯高階英漢雙解學習詞典》)

>>>serotonin

[?s?r??t??nin]n.

a chemical in the brain that affects how messages are sent from the brain to the body, and also affects how a person feels

5- 羥色胺；血清素（神經遞質，亦影響情緒等）

【事件】你的情緒是否如溫度計般快速下落？如果答案是肯定的，那麼你可能患上了冬季憂鬱症，而你的情況也並非個案。據估計，有1000萬美國人患有季節性情緒失調，或簡稱SAD。這是一種發生在冬季的抑鬱症，其嚴重程度部分取決於地理位置。居住在陽光明媚的佛羅里達州的人中，僅有1%患有SAD，而在狂風肆虐的新罕布希爾州，有10%的人患有SAD。

這是為什麼呢？冬季缺乏陽光，會導致大腦產生過量的褪黑激素(一種助眠的激素)和較少的血清素(使人振奮的激素)。這種激素失調狀況可引發SAD。SAD的常見癥狀包括憂鬱和疲勞、對社交不感興趣、體重增加和胃口突然改變。

【洋文】Has your mood fallen as fast as the thermometer? If so, you may be suffering from the winter blues, and you』re not alone. An estimated 10 million Americans suffer from seasonal affective disorder, or SAD. It"s a type of depression occurring in the winter months, and its severity depends partly on geography. Only 1 percent of people residing in sunny Florida suffer from SAD versus 10 percent of people in blustery New Hampshire.

Why』s that? Lack of sunlight during winter days causes the brain to produce excess melatonin (the hormone that helps you sleep) and lessserotonin(the hormone that perks you up). SAD results from this hormonal imbalance. Common symptoms of SAD include feeling melancholy and fatigued, disinterest in socializing, weight gain and a sudden change in appetite.(Health in a Heartbeat, 25 January 2018)

【擴展】The drug works by increasing levels ofserotoninin the brain.

這種藥物通過提高大腦中血清素的水平來產生療效。(參看《柯林斯高階英漢雙解學習詞典》)

>>>shot

[??t]n.

an injection of a drug

注射

【事件】注射流感疫苗。這已經是醫生的標註建議了。而這條建議對於那些有心臟病發作風險的老年人來說尤為重要。因為《新英格蘭醫學雜誌》的一項新分析發現，感染流感會使心臟病發作的風險增加六倍。其他病毒感染也會提高心臟病發作的風險，但幅度較小。

Jeff Kwong是安大略省公共衛生局和臨床評估科學研究所的流行病學家。Kwong和他的研究團隊通過研究2萬名確診患有流感的老年人的病史，來評估上述風險。他們發現，跟對照期(即不患流感期間)相比，在被診斷患有流感的一周內，該組病人心臟病發作的次數平均高出5倍---Kwong說這是注射流感疫苗的另一個好理由。

【洋文】Get aflushot. It"s already standard advice from your doctor. But it may be even more important for senior citizens at risk of heart attack. Because a new analysis in theNew England Journal of Medicinefound that a flu infection raises the risk of a heart attack by six times. And other viral infections can also up the risk, to a lesser degree.

Jeff Kwong is an epidemiologist at Public Health Ontario and the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences. Kwong and his team evaluated that risk by studying the histories of 20,000 older adults with confirmed cases of influenza. And they found that within one week of a flu diagnosis, the group suffered six times as many heart attacks on average, than they did during control periods, when they weren"t sick, which Kwong says is another good reason to get aflushot.(Scientific American 60-Second Science, 24 January 2018)

【擴展】He administered ashotof Nembutal.

他(為他人)注射了一針戊巴比妥鈉。(參看《柯林斯高階英漢雙解學習詞典》)

辭彙釋義出處：

《柯林斯英漢雙解大詞典》；

《朗文當代高級英語辭典》；

WordNet

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NP Screen

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