Doctor You 醫生就是你
外刊精讀食用方法:
1.自行閱讀英文，如遇不懂解釋請閱讀精讀筆記，最後可對照查閱中文釋意。
2.精讀筆記中所涉及單詞，短語等表達法請高聲朗讀，再自行造句加深理解。
3.對文中涉及代詞，在閱讀時請自行思考代指物。
4.對熟詞僻義，尤其是小詞多加註意。
本文原文及譯文均摘自《經濟學人》
醫療保健的數字革命就要來臨。迎接它吧
A digital revolution in health care is coming. Welcome it
NO WONDER they are called 「patients」. When people enter the health-care systems of rich countries today, they know what they will get:proddingdoctors, endless tests,baffling jargon, rising costs and,above all, long waits. Somestoicismwill always be needed, because health care is complex anddiligencematters. But frustration isboiling over. This week three of the biggest names in American business—Amazon,Berkshire Hathaway(伯克希爾·哈撒韋公司（美國保險公司）) andJPMorgan Chase(美國摩根大通銀行)—announced a newventureto provide better, cheaper health care for their employees. A fundamental problem with today』s system is that patients lack knowledge and control. Access to data canbestowboth.
無怪乎英文里「患者」（patient）一詞也有「耐心」之意。如今，當人們進入富裕國家的醫療體系時，他們知道自己會面對什麼：不停催促的醫生、無休止的檢查、令人困惑的術語、不斷上漲的費用，尤其還有漫長的等待。在這種情況下多少是需要忍耐的，因為醫療是一項複雜又細緻的工作。然而人們已經開始忍無可忍。本周，美國三大商業巨頭亞馬遜、伯克希爾·哈撒韋公司和摩根大通宣布了一個新項目，要為員工提供更好、更便宜的醫療服務。現行系統的一個基本問題是病人缺乏知識和掌控。讓他們自由獲取數據可以解決這兩點。
1.prodding[pr?d??]noun
encouragement to do sth
催促；督促；鼓勵；激勵
例:He needed no prodding.
他不用督促。
2.baffling/"b?f(?)l??/
complicated and difficult to understands令人困惑的
例: Like any sport, video games have a culture that can bebafflingto outsiders.
其實電子遊戲像任何一項體育運動一樣，有著圈外人難以理解的文化。
3.jargon[?d?ɑ?(r)ɡ?n]
words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group of people, and are difficult for others to understand
行話；黑話；行業術語
例: medical / legal / computer, etc. jargon
醫學、法律、計算機等術語
4.above all尤其
used for referring to something that is more important than any of the other things you could mention
例:They told him it was what they wished above all things.
他們告訴他，這正是自己最大的心愿。
5.stoicism[?st????s?z(?)m]
the fact of not complaining or showing what you are feeling when you are suffering
對痛苦的默默承受或泰然處之；堅忍:
例: She endured her long illness with stoicism.
她默默忍受長期的病痛。
知識點：Stoicism斯多葛主義，古希臘和羅馬帝國思想流派，哲學家芝諾於西元前3世紀早期創立，傳人有克雷安德與克呂西普；在羅馬帝國，代表思想家有塞內卡、愛比克泰德與馬爾庫斯·奧列里烏斯。斯多噶派學說以倫理學為重心，秉持泛神物質一元論。
6.diligence[?d?l?d?(?)ns] noun
careful and thorough work or effort
勤勉；勤奮；用功
例:The Chinese nationis distinguished foritsdiligenceand courage.
中華民族以勤勞勇敢著稱。
boil over
1. (of liquid 液體) to boil and flow over the side of a pan, etc.
煮溢；潽出
2. to become very angry
怒火中燒；大怒
3. (of a situation, an emotion, etc. 局勢、情緒等) to change into sth more dangerous or violent
惡化，爆發
例:Racial tension finallyboiled overin the inner city riots.
種族間的緊張狀態最終演化成了市中心貧困區的暴亂。
venture[?vent??(r)]
a business project or activity, especially one that involves taking risks
(尤指有風險的)企業,商業,投機活動,經營項目
例:joint venture
合營企業；合資企業
例: Adisastrousbusinessventurelost him thousands of dollars.
一個徹底失敗的經營項目使他損失嚴重。
bestow[b??st??]
~ sth (on / upon sb)to give sth to sb, especially to show how much they are respected
給予；授予；獻給
例: It was a titlebestowed uponhim by the king.
那是國王賜給他的頭銜。
The internet already enables patients toseek online consultations（尋求線上問診）when and where it suits them. You can takeover-the-counter（無需處方可買到的；非處方的）tests to analyse your blood,sequenceyourgenomeand check on thebacteriain yourgut. Yetradicalchange demands a shift inemphasis, from providers to patients and from doctors to data. That shift is happening. Technologies such as the smartphoneallowpeople to monitor their own health. The possibilitiesmultiplywhen you add the crucial missingingredients—access toyour ownmedical records(病例) and the ability easily to share information with those you trust. That allows you to reduce inefficiencies in your own treatment and also to provide data to help train medicalalgorithms(演算法). You can enhance your own care and everyone else』s, too.
有了互聯網，患者已經能在自己方便的時間和地點在線問診。你可以通過非處方檢測來分析血液、做基因組測序、檢查腸道細菌。但要徹底變革，需要將重心從醫療保健機構轉向病人，從醫生轉向數據。這種轉變正在發生。人們可以利用智能手機等技術來監控自己的健康狀況。如果你能夠填補其中缺失的關鍵部分，即訪問自己的病歷並能方便地和你信任的人分享信息，那麼用技術手段監控健康的可能性還會成倍增加。這讓你能夠減少自我治療中低效的情況，還能提供數據來訓練醫療演算法。你可以改善自己和其他所有人的醫療保健。
sequence[?si?kw?ns]
to identify the order in which a set of genes or parts of molecules are arranged
測定(整套基因或分子成分的)序列
例:Thehuman genomehas now been sequenced.
人體基因組的序列現已測定。
它的名詞形式:sequencing
例: a gene sequencing project
基因測序項目
genome[?d?i?n??m]
the complete set of genes in a cell or living thing
基因組；染色體組
例:genome mutation（美劇《天賦異稟》你們所愛的北極星小姐姐就是mutant）
基因組變異
bacteria[b?k?t??ri?]
the simplest and smallest forms of life. Bacteria exist in large numbers in air, water and soil, and also in living and dead creatures and plants, and are often a cause of disease.
細菌
它的形容詞形式: bacterial
例: bacterial infections / growth
細菌傳染/生長
gut[ɡ?t]
一、作名詞
1.the tube in the body through which food passes when it leaves the stomach
消化道；腸道
2. the organs in and around the stomach, especially in an animal
(尤指動物的)內臟
例: I"ll only cook fish if thegutshave been removed.
我只燒先去掉內髒的魚。
3. a person"s stomach, especially when it is large
(尤指大的)胃,肚子
例: Have you seen theguton him!
你看到他那大肚子了吧！
a beer gut(= caused by drinking beer) /beer belly啤酒肚
belly 是「肚」，指內部或外部都可以，如「肚裡痛」和「肚上痛」兩種表達方式里的「肚」都是 belly。
例:it gripes my belly like a green apple.
它害得我肚子痛，就像吃了未成熟的蘋果一樣。
4. the courage and determination that it takes to do sth difficult or unpleasant
勇氣；膽量；決心；毅力
例:He doesn"t have thegutstowalk away froma well-paid job.
他沒膽量辭去一份報酬優厚的工作。
5. the place where your natural feelings that make you react in a particular way are thought to be
內心；直覺；本能
例:I had a feeling in my guts thatsomething was wrong.
我本能地感到出了什麼事。
6. the most important part of sth
核心；實質；要點
例:the gutsofthe problem
問題的實質
短語:
1.have sb"s guts for garters
to be very angry with sb and punish them severely for sth they have done
恨死某人；嚴懲某人
2.slog / sweat / work your "guts out
to work very hard to achieve sth
拚命工作；拚命幹活
例: Islogged my gutsout for the exam.
我為這次考試命都豁出去了。
3.bust a gut
拚命努力去實現目標
例:We"re going to have tobust a gutto get this report donebytomorrow. We"re only half-way through and it"s already 7pm.
要在明天完成這份報告，我們必須要拚命努力。現在已經7點了，而我們只完成了一半。
二、作動詞
1. to destroy the inside or contents of a building or room
損毀(建築物或房屋的)內部
例:a factoryguttedby fire
內部被火焚毀的工廠
The house was completelygutted.
這房子里的東西全部被毀。
2. to remove the organs from inside a fish or an animal to prepare it for cooking
取出…的內臟(以便烹飪)
三、作形容詞
based on feelings and emotions rather than thought and reason
以感情為基礎的；非理性的；本能的:
例: a gut feeling / reaction
本能的感覺/反應
radical[?r?d?k(?)l]
一、作形容詞
1.concerning the most basic and important parts of sth; thorough and complete
根本的；徹底的；完全的(文中之意)
例: the need forradicalchanges in education
對教育進行徹底變革的需要
demands forradicalreform of the law
徹底改變法律的要求
2.new, different and likely to have a great effect
全新的；不同凡響的:
例:radicalideas
不同凡響的觀點
aradicalsolution to the problem
解決問題的全新的方法
radicalproposals
有創見的建議
3.in favour of thorough and complete political or social change
激進的；極端的
例:theradicalwing of the party
黨內的激進派
4.very good
很好；非常好
radical的副詞形式:radically
例:The new methods areradically different fromthe old.
新的方法迥然不同於舊的方法。
Attitudes have changedradically.
態度發生了根本的變化。
二、作名詞
1. a person with radical opinions
激進分子
例: political radicals
政治激進分子
emphasis[?emf?s?s]
1.~ (on / upon sth)special importance that is given to sth
強調；重視；重要性
to put / lay / place emphasis on sth
強調/重視某事
例:We shouldplace greater emphasis onstaff development.
There has been a shift ofemphasisfrom manufacturing to service industries.
重點已經從製造業向服務行業轉移。
The emphasis is very much onlearningthe spoken language.
重點主要放在學習口語上。
The coursehas a vocational emphasis.
這門課程著重職業培訓。
We provideall types ofinformation,with an emphasisonlegal advice.
我們提供各種信息服務,尤其是法律諮詢。
The examples we will look at havequite differentemphases.
我們將要觀察的例子所強調的重點很不相同。
2. the extra force given to a word or phrase when spoken, especially in order to show that it is important; a way of writing a word (for example drawing a line underneath it) to show that it is important
(對某個詞或短語的)強調,加重語氣,重讀
"I can assure you," she added with emphasis, "the figures are correct."
"我可以向你保證,"她加重語氣補充道,"這些數字是正確的。"
Tips:
括弧里的 Emphasis added 的意思是「原文並沒有斜體部分（或下面劃線的字），這裡的斜體（或劃線）是我加上去的。」例如：Equal pay for equal work (Emphasis added).
allow[??la?]
to make sth possible 使可能
例: A ramp allows easy access for wheelchairs.
坡道便於輪椅進出。
關於allow熟詞僻義:
1.to let sb have sth
給予
You"re allowed an hour to complete the test.
你們有一個小時的時間來完成這次測驗。
I"m not allowed visitors.
我不可以接見來訪者。
2.~ sth (for sb / sth)to make sure that you have enough of sth for a particular purpose
(為某目的)留出,給出
例:You need toallowthree metres of fabricforthe dress.
這身衣服你需要用三米布料。
3.to accept or admit sth; to agree that sth is true or correct
接受；承認；同意(某事屬實或正確)
例: The judgeallowedmy claim.
法官同意我的要求。
He refuses toallowthat such a situation could arise.
他拒不承認這種情況可能發生。
關於allow的短語:
1.allow me
used to offer help politely
(禮貌地表示主動幫忙)讓我來
2.give / allow sb / sth free / full rein
give / allow free / full rein to sth
to give sb complete freedom of action; to allow a feeling to be expressed freely
對…不加約束；放任自由；充分表達(感情)
例: The designer wasgiven free rein.
設計者可以自由發揮。
The scriptallows full rein toherlarger-than-lifeacting style.
劇本允許她充分展現她那誇張的表演風格。
3.allow X for Y
（X是金額、物資或時間，Y是某一可能的情況或項目，用名詞或動名詞表示）
「為Y這種情況預留X」
也可以只有for Y而沒有X，意為「預先估計到」、「把某個可能發生的情況估計進去」
例: It will take about an hour to get there,allowing fortraffic delays.
考慮到交通阻塞,到那裡大約需要一小時。
allow5 percentforcash payment
預定其中百分之五可以用現金支付
allow forthe unexpected
把預計不到的情況算在內
All these factors must beallowed for.
所有這些因素都必須估計進去。
4.allow of sth
to make sth possible
容許；使有可能
例:The factsallow ofonly one explanation.
這些事實只可能有一種解釋。
知識點:
表示「允許」，let是最普通的用詞；permit的主語是有此權力者，較為正式；allow則介乎兩者之間，用於通常有禮貌的交際場合。一般來說，allow是主觀有意的行為，但有時也可以表示無意的疏忽（加to ……）
例:allow a cake to burn 把蛋糕烤糊了
Some evidence had been allowed to spoil. 有些證據已經因保管不善而損壞。
在這種意義上，只能用allow，不能用permit。
multiply[?m?lt?pla?]
to increase or make sth increase very much in number or amount
成倍增加；迅速增加
例:Our problems havemultipliedsince last year.
自去年以來,我們的問題成倍增加。
Cigarette smokingmultipliesthe risk of cancer.
抽煙會大大增加得癌症的風險。
辨析:
enlarge: 主要指面積或體積等的擴大。
amplify: 在科技中常指聲音的擴大或電磁波的增強。也指補充了細節、詳述或擴大內容等。此詞系正式用語。
expand: 指範圍、程度、體積和尺寸等方面的擴大或增加。
increase: 指數量、強度和大小等方面的擴大或增加。
magnify: 可指用光學儀器使物體看上去顯得變大；也指事實上把某物增大，有時用於誇張意味。
multiply: 通常指自然繁殖而產生的增長，有時也指同類事物數量的成倍增加。
multiply另外的一個用法：
to reproduce in large numbers; to make sth do this
(使)繁殖,增殖
例:Rabbits multiply rapidly.
兔子繁殖迅速。
It is possible to multiply these bacteria in the laboratory.
在實驗室里繁殖這些細菌是可能的。
ingrement相近詞辨析:
augment: 較正式用詞，一般指在原有的基礎上增加含量而擴大。
component: 指一個整體的組成部分。
constituent:常可與component換用，指某一整體不可少的部分或成分。
element: 指一個整體必不可少或固有的部分，強調一個複雜整體中最基本、最簡單的元件、元素或成分等。
ingredient: 普通用詞，含義籠統。既可指混在一起而本身沒有變化的物質，如配料，又可指與別的物質混在一起，發生了變化的成分。
access[??kses]
1.~ (to sth)a way of entering or reaching a place
通道；通路；入徑
例:The onlyaccess tothe farmhouse is across the fields.
去那農舍的唯一通路是穿過田野。
The police gainedaccessthrough a broken window.
警察從一扇破窗戶里鑽了進去。
2.~ (to sth)the opportunity or right to use sth or to see sb / sth
(使用或見到的)機會,權利(文中之意)
例: Students must haveaccess togood resources.
學生必須有機會使用好的信息資源。
You need a password toget access tothe computer system.
使用這個計算機系統需要口令。
access toconfidential information
接觸機密情報的機會
Journalists were denied access to the President.
記者被擋住,無法見到總統。
The doctor will be younow
你就是醫生
Medical data may not seem like the type ofkindlingtosparka revolution. But the flow of information is likely tobear fruitin several ways. One is better diagnosis. Someone worried about their heart can now buy a watch strap containing a medical-grade monitor that will detectarrhythmias(心律失常). Apps are vying to see if they can diagnose everything from skin cancer andconcussion(con全部+cuss搖+ion表名詞，腦震蕩)toParkinson』s disease(帕金森氏症). Researchisunder way(進行中)to see whether sweat can be analysed formolecular biomarkers(分子生物標記物)without the need for aninvasiveblood test. Some think that changes in how quickly a person swipes a phone』s touchscreen might signal theonsetof cognitive problems.
醫療數據也許看起來並不像那種能點燃革命的導火索。但信息的流動可能會在多個方面產生效果。首先是更便捷的診斷。擔心心臟問題的人現在能買到一種手環，裡面裝有可以檢測心律失常的醫用級監測器。各種應用正在爭先恐後地研究如何診斷從皮膚癌、腦震蕩到帕金森氏症的種種疾病。目前還有人在研究是否可以對汗液進行分子生物標記物分析，而不需要進行侵入性血液檢測。有人認為，如果一個人滑動手機屏幕的速度有變，可能是出現認知問題的徵兆。
kindling[?k?ndl??]名詞
small dry pieces of wood, etc. used to start a fire
引火柴；引火物
spark [spɑ?(r)k]
一、作名詞
1.a very small burning piece of material that is produced by sth that is burning or by hitting ten hard substances together
火花；火星
例:A shower of sparksflew up the chimney.
煙囪里飛出無數火星。
2. a small flash of light produced by an electric current
電火花
例:sparks from a faulty light switch
漏電的電燈開關發出的火花
3. ~ of sth a small amount of a particular quality or feeling
(指品質或感情)一星,絲毫,一丁點
例:a spark of hope/a glimmer of hope
一線希望
glimmer也有微弱的跡象；一絲；一線的意思
例: I caught the glimmer of a smile in his eyes.
我看到他眼裡閃現出一絲笑意。
catch有察覺；瞥見的意思，可以替換look。
例:Shecaught sight ofa car in the distance.
她瞥見遠處有一輛車。
Hecaught a glimpse ofhimself in the mirror.
他看了一眼鏡子中的自己。
Hecaught a whiff ofher perfume.
他聞到一股她身上的香水味。
例:the glimmering of an idea
初露端倪的想法
4. a special quality of energy, intelligence or enthusiasm that makes sb very clever, amusing, etc.
生氣；活力；才華；熱情
例:As a writer he seemed to lackcreative spark.
作為作家,他似乎缺少創作激情。
5.an action or event that causes sth important to develop, especially trouble or violence
誘因；導火線
the sparks ofrevolution
革命的導火線
6.feelings of anger or excitement between people
憤怒的情感；激烈的情緒
Sparks flew at the meeting (= there was a lot of argument).
會上爭論激烈,火星四濺。 (注意英文中的主語及翻譯方法)
二、作動詞
1.~ sth (off)to cause sth to start or develop, especially suddenly
引發；觸發
例:The proposal would spark a storm of protest around the country.
這一提案將引發全國性的抗議浪潮。 ("抗議的浪潮"英文翻譯格式為"浪潮 of 抗議",同樣我們形容人也可以用a man of+形容詞，例:He is a man of few words. 他是一個沉默寡言的人)
The riots were sparked off by the arrest of a local leader.
騷亂是因逮捕一名當地領導人而觸發的。 (這裡運用了將名詞翻譯成動詞的方法)
Winds brought down power lines, sparking a fire.
大風刮斷電線,引起了火災。
bring (sth) down
1. to reduce sth
減少；降低
例: We aim tobring downprices on all our computers.
我們打算降低我們所有計算機的價格。
2. to land an aircraft
使(飛機)著陸
例:The pilot managed tobringthe planedownin a field.
飛行員設法將飛機降落在一處田裡。
3. to make an aircraft fall out of the sky
擊落
Twelve enemy fighters had beenbrought down.
有十二架敵方的戰鬥機被擊落。
4. to make an animal or a bird fall down or fall out of the sky by killing or wounding it
打倒(動物)；打落(鳥)
例: Hebrought downthe bear with a single shot.
他一槍就撂倒了那頭熊。
2. to produce small flashes of fire or electricity
冒火花；飛火星；產生電火花
例: a sparking, crackling fire
劈啪直響、火星飛迸的火
The game suddenly sparked to life.
比賽突然變得激烈起來。
關於spark的短語:
1.spark up sth
to begin a conversation, an argument, a friendship, etc., often suddenly
激起,突然引發(交談、爭論、友誼等)
例: I tried tospark up a conversation withher.
我設法跟她攀談起來。
2.a bright spark(通常為諷刺)
a lively and intelligent person, especially sb young
活潑機靈的人(尤指年輕人)
例: Somebright spark(= stupid person) left the tap running all night.
不知是哪個聰明人讓自來水流了一夜。
知識點:
some表示(與單數名詞連用,表示未知或未確指的人、地、事物或時間)某個
例:There must besomemistake.
一定是出了什麼差錯。
vie[va?] (vying , vied, vied)
~ (with sb) (for sth)to compete strongly with sb in order to obtain or achieve sth
激烈競爭；爭奪
例: She was surrounded by men allvying forher attention.
她周圍儘是競相博得她青睞的男子。
a row of restaurantsvying witheach otherforbusiness
彼此爭搶生意的一排飯館
invasive[?n?ve?s?v] adj
1. (especially of diseases within the body 尤指體內疾病) spreading very quickly and difficult to stop
侵入的；侵襲的
例:invasivecancer
擴散性腫瘤
2. (of medical treatment 醫療) involving cutting into the body
切入的；開刀的
例:invasivesurgery
開刀手術
onset[??n?set] noun
the beginning of sth, especially sth unpleasant
開端,發生,肇始(尤指不快的事件)
theonsetof disease / old age / winter
疾病的發作；老年的開始；冬天的來臨
A second benefit lies in the management of complex diseases. Diabetes apps can change the way patients cope, by monitoringblood-glucose(gluc表示甜的+ose表示碳水化合物，血糖)levels and food intake, potentially reducing long-run harm such as blindness andgangrene(壞疽). Akili Interactive, a startup, (之前所講過的同位語)plans to seekregulatory(adj,regulatory bodies / authorities / agencies監管部門/機構)approval for a video game designed to stimulate an area of the brainimplicatedinattention-deficit hyperactivitydisorder.
第二個好處體現在對複雜疾病的管理上。糖尿病應用可以監測血糖水平和食物攝入情況，從而改變患者管理該疾病的方式，這或許能減少如失明和壞疽等長期損害。名為Akili Interactive的創業公司計劃讓自己設計的一款電子遊戲獲得監管部門批准，以刺激與注意力缺陷多動障礙有關的大腦區域。
implicate[??mpl?ke?t]
1.~ sb (in sth)to show or suggest that sb is involved in sth bad or criminal
牽涉,涉及(某人)
例: He tried to avoid saying anything that wouldimplicatehim further.
他儘力避免說出任何會進一步牽連他的事情。
Senior officials wereimplicated inthe scandal.
一些高級官員受到這一醜聞的牽連。
incriminate作為動詞也有使負罪；連累的意思。
例:They were afraid of answering the questions andincriminatingthemselves.
他們擔心因回答這些問題而受到牽連。
2.~ sth (in / as sth)to show or suggest that sth is the cause of sth bad
表明(或意指)…是起因
例:By saying that coffee would keep her awake, Maryimplicatedthat she didn"t want any.
瑪麗說咖啡會讓她睡不著，以此暗示她不要喝了。
Patients can also improve the efficiency of their care. Although health records areincreasinglyelectronic, they are often stilltrapped in silos. Many contain data that machines cannot read. This can lead to delays in treatment, or worse.Many ofthe 250,000 deaths in Americaattributable to(可歸因於)medical error each year can be traced topoorly(寫作時可代替badly) co-ordinated care. With data at their fingertips, common standards to enable sharing and a strongincentiveto get things right, patients are more likely to spot errors. On January 24th Applelaid outits plans to ask organisations to let patients use their smartphones to download their own medical records.
患者還可以提高自己的治療效率。儘管病例的電子化程度越來越高，但往往還是難以利用。許多病歷包含機器無法讀取的數據。這可能會延誤治療，甚至導致更糟的結果。美國每年因醫療事故死亡的人數達25萬，其中許多是因為治療協調不佳。假如病患自己的手機上就有數據，又有統一的標準來分享信息，加上他們有強大的動力來把事情做對，他們就更有可能發現錯誤。1月24日，蘋果公司發布了一項計劃，鼓勵各大醫療機構允許患者使用智能手機下載自己的病歷。
知識點:
a great many（很多）比a good many（相當多）語氣重。兩種表達方式後面直接接名詞，不用 of，如可以說 a great（或 good）many books。不可說 a great（或 good）many of books。但在 a great（或 good）many of my（或 his，these 等）books 等表達方式里的 of 當然不可省去。
incentive[?n?sent?v]
1.~ (for / to sb / sth) (to do sth)something that encourages you to do sth
激勵；刺激；鼓勵:
例:tax incentives to encourage savings
鼓勵儲蓄的稅收措施
There is no incentive for people to save fuel.
沒有使人們節約燃料的鼓勵辦法。
2. to present a plan, an argument, etc. clearly and carefully
清晰謹慎地提出,策劃(計劃、論點等)
All the terms and conditions are laid out in the contract.
所有的條款與條件在合同中均已清楚地列明。
"發布"的其他表達法:
The authorities alsoreleaseda photo of a man who they believe to be the ringleader.
官方發布疑似主犯圖像。
China hasissueda circular to enhance the country"s management of vaccines and vaccination.
中國發布規範疫苗和接種管理的通知。
that he stoppublishingmaterial that"s damaging to the United States.
他會停止發布傷害美國的信息。
A final benefit of putting patientsin chargestems fromthe generation andaggregation(聚合) their data. Artificial intelligence (AI) is already being trained by a unit of Alphabet, Google』s parent company, to identify cancerous tissues andretinal(視網膜的)damage. As patients』 datastreamfrom smartphones and 「wearables」, they will teach AIs to do ever more. Future AIs could, for instance, provide automated medical diagnosis from a description of your symptoms, spotbehavioural traitsthat suggest you are depressed or identify if you are at special risk ofcardiac disease. The aggregation of data will also make it easier for you to find other people with similar diseases and to see how they responded to various treatments.
讓患者自己來負責醫療過程的最後一個好處來自於生成和聚合數據。谷歌的母公司Alphabet旗下某部門正在訓練人工智慧（AI）識別癌變組織和視網膜損傷。隨著智能手機和可穿戴設備不斷生成關於患者的各類數據，人工智慧還可以學做更多事情。比如，未來的人工智慧可以根據你的癥狀描述自動提供診斷，還可以識別表明你處於抑鬱的行為特徵，或是確定你是否格外有可能罹患心臟疾病。數據的聚合也讓你更容易找到其他罹患類似疾病的人，了解他們對各種治療的反應。
in charge （of ）負責
The quartermaster isin charge ofstores.
軍需官負責補給物資。
"起源於"的其它表達法:
Fireworksdate back toancient China before the invention of gunpowder.
煙火起源於火藥發明前的古代中國。
That discovery challenges the belief that artsoriginated inEurope. Pub Ghost described them.
該發現挑戰了原本認為的藝術起源於歐洲的說法。
One plausible candidate is "Nim", a mathematical game withroots inChina.
起源於中國的數學遊戲"Nim"似乎是最佳答案。
Tulips are Old World, rather than New World, plants,with the origins ofthe specieslying inCentral Asia.
鬱金香是舊世界，而非新世界物種，它起源於中亞。
stream[stri?m]
一、作名詞
1. a small narrow river小河；溪
例:mountain streams山澗
2.~ (of sth)a continuous flow of liquid or gas
流；(液)流；(氣)流
例:A stream of bloodflowed fromthe wound.
一股鮮血從傷口流出來。
3.~ (of sth / sb)a continuous flow of people or vehicles
(人)流；(車)流:
例: I"ve hada steady stream ofvisitors.
我不斷有客人。
Cars filed past in an endless stream.
汽車川流不息,魚貫而過。
4.(~ of sth )a large number of things that happen one after the other
一連串,接二連三,源源不斷(的事情):
例:a constant stream ofenquiries
接連不斷的詢問
The agency provided me witha steady stream ofwork.
這介紹所讓我不斷有活干。
5.a group in which students of the same age and level of ability are placed in some schools
(把同齡學生按智力編在一起的)班,組
例:She was put into the fast stream.
她被分在了快班。
短語:
1.be / come on stream
to be in operation or available
投產；投入使用
例:The new computer systemcomes on streamnext month.
新的計算機系統下月投入使用。
二、作動詞
1.~(from sth) ~ (with sth)(of liquid or gas 液體或氣體) to move or pour out in a continuous flow; to produce a continuous flow of liquid or gas
流；流動；流出
例:Tearsstreamed downhis face.
淚水順著他的臉往下流。
a streaming cold (= with a lot of liquid coming from the nose)
流鼻涕的感冒
Blood wasstreaming fromher head.
血從她頭上流出來。
Her head wasstreaming withblood.
她頭上流著血。
2. (of people or things 人或東西)
to move somewhere in large numbers, one after the other
魚貫而行；一個接一個地移動:
Peoplestreamedacross the bridge.
橋上行人川流不息。
3.to move freely, especially in the wind or water
飄動；飄揚
例:Her scarfstreamed behindher.
她的圍巾在身後飄動。
4.(in schools 學校) to put school students into groups according to their ability
按能力分班(或分組)
例:Pupils arestreamed forFrench and Maths.
學生上法語和數學課時按能力分成小組。
5.to shine or give off light
stream in/through/from
例:There was bright sunlight streaming through the windows.
cardiac disease / failure / surgery
心臟病；心力衰竭；心臟手術
to suffer cardiac arrest (= an occasion when a person"s heart stops temporarily or permanently)心臟停搏
An Apple a day
每日一蘋果
As withall new technologies,pitfallsaccompany the promise.Hucksterswill launch apps that do not work. But with regulators demandingoversightof apps thatpresentrisks to patients, users will harm only their wallets. Not everyone will want to take active control of their own health care; plenty will want the professionals to manage everything. Fine. Data can bepored overby those who are interested, while those who are not can opt to share data automatically with trusted providers.
和所有的新技術一樣，陷阱總是與希望相伴而來。大吹大擂的商家會推出不管用的應用。但由於監管機構要求監控所有會給患者帶來風險的應用，用戶至多只會錢包受損。不是每個人都想主動控制自己的醫療保健——很多人希望由專業人士管理一切。沒問題。感興趣的人可以仔細研究數據，而那些不感興趣的人則可以選擇與可信賴的醫療機構自動共享數據。
as with
用以表示「如同其他類似的事例一樣」
例:As withmost African cultures, the Gullah have a rich tradition of music.
和大部分非洲文化一樣，格勒人也有著豐富的音樂傳統。
pitfall[?p?t?f??l]
a danger or difficulty, especially six that is hidden or not obvious at first
危險；困難；(尤指)陷阱,隱患
例:Severalpitfallsremain in the way of an agreement.
在達成協議的進程中還有幾個隱藏的困難。
huckster[?h?kst?(r)]
a person who uses aggressive or annoying methods to sell sth
強行推銷的人
oversight [???v?(r)?sa?t]
the fact of making a mistake because you forget to do sth or you do not notice sth
疏忽；忽略；失察
例: I didn"t mean to leave her name off the list; it was anoversight.
我不是有意在名單上漏掉她的名字的,這是個疏忽。
2.the state of being in charge of sb / sth
負責；照管(文中之意）
例The committee hasoversight offinance and general policy.
委員會負責處理財政和綜合政策。
present[?prez(?)nt]
~ itself (to sb) (of an opportunity, a solution, etc. 機會、答案等)to suddenly happen or become available
突然出現；顯露；產生(前文中出現的arise有同樣的意思)
例:One major problem didpresentitself, though.
不過,確實出現了一個重大問題。
As soon as the opportunitypresenteditself, she would get another job.
一有機會,她就會另謀新職 。
Thankfully, a solutionpresenteditself to him surprisingly soon.
謝天謝地,他意外地很快就找到了答案。
pore[p??(r)] noun
one of the very small holes in your skin that sweat can pass through; one of the similar small holes in the surface of a plant or a rock
(皮膚上的)毛孔；(植物的)氣孔；孔隙
pore over sth
to look at or read sth very carefully
仔細打量；審視；認真研讀；審閱
例:His lawyers areporing overthe small print in the contract.
他的律師們正在審閱合同上的小號字。
The benefits of new technologies often flowdisproportionatelyto the rich. Those fears aremitigatedby the incentives that employers, governments and insurers have to invest incost-efficientpreventive care for all. Alphabet has recently launched a firm called Cityblock Health, for example, which plans totrawlthrough patients』 data to provide better care for low-income city dwellers, many of them covered by Medicaid, an insurance programme for poorer Americans.
新技術帶來的好處常常過多地流向富人。而僱主、政府和保險公司有動力為所有人投資經濟適用的預防性保健，這就緩解了這方面的擔憂。例如，Alphabet最近成立了一家名為城區健康（Cityblock Health）的公司，該公司計劃通過研究患者數據為低收入城市居民提供更好的醫療服務，他們中許多人都參加了醫療補助計劃（Medicaid），這是一項為貧困美國人提供的保險計劃。
disproportionate[?d?spr??p??(r)?(?)n?t]
~ (to sth)too large or too small when compared with sth else
不成比例的；不相稱的；太大(或太小)的:
例: The area containsa disproportionate number ofyoung middle-class families.
此地年輕的中產階級家庭特別多。
它的副詞形式: disproportionately
例:The lower-paid spend adisproportionatelylarge amount of their earnings on food.
低工資者將收入花在食物上的比例很大。
mitigate[?m?t?ɡe?t]
to make sth less harmful, serious, etc.
減輕；緩和
例:I don"t know how Congress can send more money to the border to begin tomitigatethe problem.
我不知道國會怎麼可能提供更多的預算來緩解邊境問題。
trawl[tr??l] (作名詞和動詞字面意思均一致)
1.~ (through sth) (for sth / sb) ~ sth (for sth / sb)to search through a large amount of information or a large number of people, places, etc. looking for a particular thing or person
查閱(資料)；搜集,搜羅,網羅(人或物)
例: Shetrawledthe shops for bargains.
她到各商店搜羅便宜貨。
The police aretrawling throughtheir filesforsimilar cases.
警方正在檔案中查閱類似案件。
2.~ (for sth)to fish for sth by pulling a large net with a wide opening through the water
用拖網捕魚
例:We found the shark in almost all of the samples. That is because the shark just avoids the trawl.( 這句中trawl作名詞)
"我們幾乎在所有樣本中都發現了格陵蘭鯊魚的蹤跡。那是因為格陵蘭鯊魚可以避開漁網。
Other risks are harder to deal with. Greatertransparencymay encourage thehale and heartynot to take out health insurance. They may even make it harder for the unwell to find cover. Regulations can slow that process—by requiring insurers to ignore genetic data, for example—but not stop it. Security is another worry. The more patient data are analysed in the cloud or shared with different firms, the greater the potential threat of hacking(非法入侵) or misuse. Almost a quarter of all data breaches in America happen in health care. Health firms should face stringent penalties if they are slapdash about security, but it is naive to expect that breaches will never happen.
其他風險則更難防範。更高的透明度可能會促使身體硬朗的人不參加醫療保險，甚至可能會讓身體不好的人更難獲得保險。監管可以延緩這一過程——比如要求保險公司忽略基因數據——但無法阻止它發生。安全是另一個擔憂。在雲端被分析或與不同公司共享的患者數據越多，被黑客攻擊或濫用的風險就越大。在美國，幾乎四分之一的數據泄露發生在醫療領域。如果醫療保健公司對安全敷衍了事，就應面臨嚴厲的處罰，但指望永遠不發生泄露就太天真了。
transparency[tr?ns?p?r?nsi]
1.the quality of sth, such as glass, that allows you to see through it
透明；透明性
2.the quality of sth, such as an excuse or a lie, that allows sb to see the truth easily
顯而易見；一目了然
例: They were shocked by thetransparencyof his lies.
他們感到震驚的是他竟睜著眼睛說瞎話。
3. the quality of sth, such as a situation or an argument, that makes it easy to understand
易懂；清楚；透明度
a need for greatertransparencyin legal documents
對法律文件更簡明易懂的需求
hale and hearty
(especially of an old person 尤指老年人)
strong and healthy健壯的；硬朗的
breach[bri?t?]
1.~ of stha failure to do sth that must be done by law
違背,違犯(法規等)
例:a breachofcontract / copyright / warranty
違犯合同；侵犯版權；違反保證
They arein breach ofArticle 119.
他們違犯了第 119 條。
breach of the peace (= the crime of behaving in a noisy or violent way in public)
擾亂治安
2.~ of sthan action that breaks an agreement to behave in a particular way
破壞；辜負
例:a breach ofconfidence / trust
泄密；背信
a breach of security (= when sth that is normally protected is no longer secure)
破壞安全
3. a break in a relationship between people or countries
(關係)中斷,終止
a breach inFranco-German relations
法德關係的破裂
4. an opening that is created during a military attack or by strong winds or seas
突破口；缺口；窟窿(文中之意）
They escaped through abreachin the wire fence.
他們從鐵絲網上的一個缺口逃走了。
二、作動詞
1. to not keep to an agreement or not keep a promise
違反；違背
例:The government is accused ofbreachingthe terms of the treaty.
政府被控違反條約中的規定。
2. to make a hole in a wall, fence, etc. so that sb / sth can go through it
在…上打開缺口
例:The dam had beenbreached.
大壩決口了。
stringent[?str?nd?(?)nt]
(of a law, rule, regulation, etc. 法律、規則、規章等) very strict and that must be obeyed
嚴格的；嚴厲的
例:stringent air quality regulations
嚴格的空氣質量管理條例
slapdash[?sl?p?d??]
done, or doing sth, too quickly and carelessly
倉促馬虎的；毛躁的；潦草的:
例:She has a very slapdash approach to keeping accounts.
她記賬十分潦草馬虎。
a slapdash piece of writing
一篇粗製濫造的文章
Will the benefits of making data more widely available outweigh such risks? The signs are that they will. Plenty of countries are now opening up their medical records, but few have gone as far as Sweden. It aims to give all its citizens electronic access to their medical records by 2020; over a third of Swedes have already set up accounts. Studies show that patients with such access have a better understanding of their illnesses, and that their treatment is more successful. Trials in America and Canada have produced not just happier patients but lower costs, as clinicians fielded fewer inquiries. That should be no surprise. No one has a greater interest in your health than you do. Trust in Doctor You.
廣泛分享數據的好處是否大於這些風險？種種跡象表明的確如此。許多國家現在都在開放病歷信息，但很少有國家能像瑞典那樣徹底。該國的目標是在2020年前讓所有公民都能訪問自己的電子病歷，超過三分之一的瑞典人已經開設了病歷賬戶。研究表明，有這樣渠道的患者更了解自己的疾病，治療也更成功。美國和加拿大的一些試驗不但讓患者更滿意，成本也下降了，因為臨床醫生的詢診減少了。這並不稀奇。沒人比你自己更關心你的健康。相信你自己做醫生的本事吧。
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