烏克蘭美術簡史-20世紀晚期藝術Brief Art History of Ukraine-20th Century
提起烏克蘭，中國民眾的第一反應就是美女、愛裸體的女權組織、橙色革命和跑路的總統。
When talking about Ukraine, most Chinese people come up immediately with the beautiful women, the topless FEMEN, Orange Revolution and the runaway president.
烏克蘭地處歐洲東部，是歐洲除俄羅斯外領土面積最大的國家。她東連俄羅斯、南接黑海，北與白俄羅斯毗鄰、西與波蘭、斯洛伐克、匈牙利、羅馬尼亞和摩爾多瓦諸國相連。烏克蘭地理位置重要，是歐洲聯盟與獨聯體特別是與俄羅斯地緣政治的交叉點。
Located in Eastern Europe, Ukraine is the biggest country second to Russia in Europe.To the east of Russia and Black Sea, adjoining northern to Belarus, western toPoland, Slovak, Hungary and other countries, Ukraine』s unique location makes her geopolitical cross point with Russia, European Union and the Commonwealth of the Independent States (CIS).
正因為其地理的特殊意義，烏克蘭歷來都是兵家必爭之地。在其強悍鄰居俄羅斯的屋檐下，烏克蘭的本土文化受俄羅斯的深度影響，使其自身相形見絀。但烏克蘭本土近代也出現過如列賓、愛伊娃佐夫斯基等名家。
For her geopolitical significance, Ukraine has long been a military strategic subject in east European history. And under the strong influence of her neighbor Russia, Ukrainian culture is deeply entwined with and diminished by Russia』s in the world arts history. But she does have renowned figure such as Ryepin.
本次專題分幾期介紹烏克蘭國家級別的歷史以及近現代藝術作品。
20世紀晚期
Late 20th Century
1975-2000
20世紀後期，蘇聯內部經濟嚴重衰退，東歐劇變。烏克蘭於1991年成為獨立國家。而在藝術領域也隨著蘇維埃政權的衰弱和鉗制鬆懈，逐漸受到西風東漸的影響，呈現出更多地流派和生機。
Ukraine became an independent country out of the USSR, after severe recessions within and collapse of the USSR administration. The arts in Ukraine under losen censorship of the USSR, has gradually taken up from the West, and therefore engendered more and more colours.
《柴可夫斯基獎得主基頓·克勒梅爾像》
The Portrait of Gidon Kremer, a laureate of Chaikovsky Prize
作者/by Mykhailo Hrytsiuk
1975-1976
《兩人》Two
作者/by Opanas Zalyvakha
1977
抽象立體解構。歪曲的線條散發著不安和焦慮。
《貓的熟睡》Cat"s Slumber
作者/by Yakiv Hnizdovskiy
1979
該畫明顯受到西方波普藝術的影響，以簡潔而樸拙的方式描繪出貓的睡姿神態。
Apparently affected by Pop Art of the West, the artist depicted the cat"s cute slumber with simple and unadorned painting.
《紀念阿列克謝·維涅齊亞諾夫》
In Memory of Alexey Venetsianov
作者/by Halyna Boroday
1979-1980
阿列克謝?維涅齊阿諾夫(Alexey Venetsuabiv1780—1847)，19世紀俄羅斯畫家。19世紀20年代，韋涅齊阿諾夫創建了自己的藝術風格並創作出許多著名的油畫。他畫農民畫，農村生活的場景，如實地描繪他們的善意和情感。他的作品包括《收穫，夏天》（1827），《睡著的牧童》（1824）等，他是俄羅斯第一個以藝術形式描繪農民生活的藝術家。
Alexey Venetsuabiv (1780-1847) is a Russian artist who created his own unique artistic genre in 1820s and famous for his paintings on rural scenes of Russia of his time. In his artworks he vividly showed the rustic kindness and nostagia of his subjects, the farmers. Some of his famous artworks include "Harvesting, Summer" (1827) and "Sleeping Herd-boy" (1824).
為了紀念這位偉大的藝術家，作者模仿他清新又樸實的畫風，描繪了農場一景。
Here the artwork byHalyna Boroday reproduces Venetsuabiv"s rustic and fresh style in memory of the great artist of 19th Century.
《油畫的鼎盛時期（畫家和模特）》
Apotheosis of Painting (An Artist and a Model)
作者/by Yurii Lutskevych
1982
這種表現主義風格，已與斯大林時代的英雄寫生主旋律相去甚遠。
Such Expressionist work is far so different from the life-like realism for hero in the Stalin time.
《日常麵包》A Daily Bread
作者/by Valentyn Zadorozhnyi
1984-1985
又一幅傑出的諷刺畫。烏克蘭作為歐洲的糧倉，盛產糧食，卻因為經濟政策和分配製度而變得糧食短缺。畫中的眾人望著一塊麵包，無可奈何，果樹結滿果實，他們仍極可能挨餓。
This is another satire for the time. Used to be regarded as Barn for Europe for her bumper production of grains, was starving for the economic policies and distributive system of the time. In the painting, 10 people watched over a loaf of black bread without any things they could do to feed 10 mouths. The trees bear fully in the background.
《軍嫂》Soldatka (A Soldier"s Wife)
作者/by Viktor Zaretskyi
1987-1988
《構圖》Composition
作者/by Anatoliy Kryvolap
1992
微軟的Surface快捷界面是模仿這幅畫的嗎？
Does the desktop of Microsft』s Surface copy this?
本系列在前面介紹過，20世紀初歐洲的藝術作品有簡單的畫名——構圖。名字本身無實際意義，作品本身更注重技巧。(潛台詞：你睇到系咩咪系咩咯~）然而，藝術渣主編Nicola也願意相信，部分講究技巧的作品仍可以表現出作者潛意識裡的部分特質。
As introduced in previous volume of the serial about Ukrainian arts, European artists commonly name their works 「Composition」 since 1920s. The name does not contain much meaning. It is the artworks and the skills that the artists focus on. Nevertheless, Nicola the Chief Editor would still hold that such technique-focused artworks show some part of the unique qualities within the authors, usually hiding deeply in their subconscious mind.
《湖，希望之晨，愛之晨》
A Lake, the Morning of Hopes, the Morning of Love
作者/by Evhen Leshchenko
1995
1991年烏克蘭獨立，成立新政府，選出新總統。烏克蘭人民期望新的開始。這幅畫的寓意不言而喻。
Ukrain announced her independence in 1991 with her whole new administration and president. The people embrace strong expectation for a new beginning for this nation. This artwork bespeaks such passion.
《基輔足球》Kyiv Football
作者/by Viktor Ryzhykh
1998
《畫（雙聯畫）（一）》
Painting. Diptych (1)
作者/by Tyberiy Silvashi
1998
《畫（雙聯畫）（二）》
Painting. Diptych (2)
作者/by Tyberiy Silvashi
1998
參考書目：
《烏克蘭史：西方的梁山泊》，王承宗，台灣三民書局，2006年10月版
聲明：本篇所有中英文文字內容均為本文作者熠楠原創編撰。作者花費大量時間精力，精心挑選具有代表性的烏克蘭國家級藝術作品，並加以翻譯、整理，版權所有，如需轉載，請註明出處公眾號「音樂森林」。
Disclaimer: all the verbal contents (both Chinese and English) are edited or written by the authorYinan. The editor and writer has spent lots of time and efforts on picking upfrom thousands of artworks the representative ones of Ukraine national level and translating them into bi-linguistics.Copyright reserved. Please mark the copyright and the name of「Music of Forest」when publishing this article on other media.
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