澳大利亞的船舶製造業繁榮發展Australian Ships for China and the World？

最新 02-28

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前言

貿易部長Steven Ciobo公布了澳大利亞貿易委員會（Austrade）的一份報告：《澳大利亞商業造船及服務能力報告》。聯邦政府委託貿易委員會製作這份報告是為了向全世界展示澳大利亞在商業造船領域的能力。

這份報告包含了很多細節：澳大利亞商業船隻出口商的建造和服務能力；澳大利亞出口船隻的案例研究；澳大利亞政府部門是如何幫助商業船隻出口商和消費者的，比如通過澳大利亞貿易委員會這種推動出口的機構，以及出口信貸機構Efic（Export Financial and Insurance Corporation）。

高產值的行業

商業用船行業對澳大利亞經濟有很大的貢獻。在澳大利亞，商業用船行業一年產生17億產值，為1.46萬人提供了就業機會，幫助鞏固國防和商業市場，為商品出口貢獻5.75億產值。

目前全國有幾乎2000家商用船隻註冊企業，提供了很多高度需要技能的高級製造業崗位。政府通過澳大利亞貿易委員會（Austrade）和澳大利亞出口信貸機構（Efic）為該行業提供支持，為出口商提供一系列有效的金融服務，包括債券、貸款和擔保。

2000年到2017年6月期間，澳大利亞出口信貸機構（Efic）給船隻工業提供了大約10億澳元的信貸。澳大利亞的工業給全世界的客戶提供了高質量的產品和服務，包括那些和澳大利亞簽署了自由貿易協定的國家，比如中國和美國。

比如《中澳自由貿易協定》（ChAFTA）為澳大利亞的渡船、遊艇和游輪減少了5%的關稅。這或許不奇怪，作為一個島國民族，澳大利亞人很擅長使用創新和靈活的方法處理多樣的海洋邊界帶來的獨特挑戰。

海洋製造業市場是世界上歷史最久、最具戰略性和競爭性的市場，澳大利亞擁有一系列獨特的優勢和能力為快速增長的全球海洋製造業市場作出貢獻。

科技是第一生產力

世界造船工業里很多最新的技術創新都和澳大利亞有關，包括用於避免大型船隻擱淺的複雜軟體，以及那些讓船隻操作變得更加容易的簡單設備。澳大利亞製造的渡船、超級遊艇、巡邏船、漁船以及旅遊業用船在全世界範圍內都很受歡迎。

澳大利亞的船隻建造和服務部門非常具有創新性，技術上也很超前，這要歸功於對技術研發的持續投資。2000到2011年的研發投資大約為12億澳元。澳大利亞的工業部門及其客戶能夠接觸到最新的、最有效率的科技和製造技術。澳大利亞的安全和製造標準是世界領先的。

卓越的勞動力

澳大利亞的勞動力是世界上最訓練有素的、適應力最強的之一，能夠處理複雜的問題，從設計到生產，從小旅遊企業和工作船到塔斯馬尼亞的Incat公司製造的世界上速度最快的船隻。當然，澳大利亞還擁有世界最強的碼頭管理能力，從黃金海岸城市碼頭的完備設施就能看出來。

黃金海岸碼已經為今年4月份的英聯邦運動會做好了準備。該碼頭能夠容納一個遊艇隊伍，其周邊70個貿易點和高技能海洋相關承包商的500強人才基地都極具吸引力。

黃金海岸碼頭基本上反映了澳大利亞繁榮的海洋製造工業的所有優點。自2000年建成投入使用以來，黃金海岸碼頭容納、修復或者建造了5萬艘船隻。

25年前成立的海洋工程諮詢公司（Marine Engineering Consultants, MEC）一直在拓寬其服務項目，從為超級遊艇提供整修服務，到船隻建造。在過去十年里，MEC為當地和國際市場建造了19艘豪華商用鋁製雙體渡船和租用船。

MEC的業務遍布全球。通過澳大利亞出口信貸機構（Efic）的幫助，2016年6月MEC和斐濟的一家游輪運營公司簽訂了合同，為其提供兩艘24米高的雙體客船，價值約740萬澳元。澳大利亞貿易委員會也曾經為MEC提供過越南的商業機會。

旅遊業也受益

澳大利亞貿易委員會的報告中還提到了兩個行業夥伴，澳大利亞國際海洋出口集團（AIMEX）和澳大利亞超級遊艇組織。這兩個機構幫助澳大利亞認識到，當來自世界各地的遊艇停泊在澳大利亞的世界級港口（比如黃金海岸）時，那些遊艇船員、船主和他們的客人會給澳大利亞的旅遊業帶來額外的好處。

2017年，澳大利亞政府提出了一項法案，允許插有外國國旗的超級遊艇在澳大利亞水域提供租船服務。這項改革預計將在2021年之前為該行業增加11.2億澳元的收入。

在僅僅昆士蘭州東南部，澳大利亞國際海洋出口集團（AIMEX）就為昆士蘭州的州生產總值貢獻了大約6.302億澳元（直接貢獻1.945億澳元），並貢獻了大約4545個全職工作崗位（直接貢獻1824個）。

中澳自由貿易協定

《中澳自由貿易協定》為澳大利亞的船隻出口商減少了很多的關稅。其他產品的關稅，比如碼頭設備產品高達18%的關稅，也在逐漸下降，甚至取消。澳大利亞的企業顯然從中獲得了好處。

位於黃金海岸Nerang區的Superior集團就是一個例子。當《中澳自由貿易協定》使關稅顯著下降之後，其生產的高精度鋼製碼頭配件變得越來越有競爭力。

Superior集團表示，其出口到中國市場的產品數量顯著增加。

澳大利亞貿易委員會和澳大利亞出口信貸機構（Efic）有力地促進了澳大利亞的工業出口。

有了這份報告，澳大利亞在世界各地的外交大使和貿易參贊可以更好地向世界宣傳澳大利亞的製造業能力了。

『原文』

Australian Ships for China and the World?

The Federal Minister for Trade, Tourism and Investment, the Hon Steven Ciobo MP, launched Austrade』s report on Australia』s Capability in Commercial Shipbuilding and Services. The Federal Government commissioned this report to showcase to the world Australia』s sophisticated capabilities in commercial shipbuilding.

This report brings together in a single document details of the construction, component making and service capabilities of Australia』s commercial ship exporters, case studies of the range of vessels Australia exports, information on how Australia』s various arms of Government assists exporters and customers for Australian commercial ships, including through the export promotion agency Austrade, and the export credit agency Efic.

Big Business!

This sector is big business. In Australia, it generates around $1.7 billion a year; provides jobs for 14,600 people; helps underpin defence and commercial markets; and delivers $575 million in merchandise exports.

Nationally there are almost 2,000 registered businesses in the sector providing highly skilled, advanced manufacturing jobs. Government is doing its part to help promote the sector』s exports through the work of Austrade, and of Efic, which offers exporters an effective range of financial solutions including bonds, loans and guarantees.

Between 2000 and June 2017, Efic underwrote approximately A$1 billion in new credit exposures to the shipping industry. Australia』s industry is delivering outstanding products and services to clients around the world, including markets where our Free Trade Agreements give Australian exporters an extra advantage, such as China and USA.

The China Australia Free Trade Agreement (ChAFTA), for example, has eliminated tariffs of 5% on Australian ferry boats, excursion boats and cruise ships. It is perhaps not surprising that, as an island nation, Australians are known internationally for innovative and flexible approaches to tackling the unique challenges presented by diverse ocean borders.

Australia has a unique set of strengths and capabilities to contribute to the rapidly growing global maritime manufacturing market which is considered to be one of the oldest, most strategic and highly competitive markets in the world.

Unique smarts!

From the complex software used to ensure the world』s largest ships don』t touch the seabed, to seemingly simple devices to make vessel handling easier, many of the latest innovations in the world』s shipbuilding industry have an Australian pedigree. Australian made ferries, super yachts, patrol boats, fishing boats and recreational vessels are operational worldwide.

The Australian shipbuilding and services sector is innovative and technologically forward-looking, thanks to ongoing investment in research and development, estimated at around $1.2 billion between 2000 and 2011. Australian industry and its clients have access to the latest and most efficient technology and manufacturing techniques. Australia is renowned for safety and manufacturing standards that are second to none.

Australian workers make a difference?

Australia has one of the world』s best trained and most adaptable workforces, comfortable with tackling complex problems, working from design to manufacturing across everything from small tourism and workboats through to the world』s fastest ships built by Incat in Tasmania. And of course, there』s world』s best-quality marina management capability, evidenced in the excellent facilities for example at the Gold Coast City Marina.

This facility is getting ready to host a fleet of superyachts, attracted by the Commonwealth Games, and the expertise and skills of this Marina』s 70 trades on-site and their 500-strong talent base of highly skilled marine related contractors.

With more than 50,000 vessels maintained, repaired or built since it opened in 2000, the Gold Coast Marina is a perfect microcosm of everything that is great about Australia』s vibrant marine industry.

Marine Engineering Consultants (MEC) started out 25 years ago and has diversified its services from providing refits on pleasure and superyachts, to a business that is focused on boatbuilding. In the last ten years, MEC has constructed 19 luxury and commercial aluminium catamaran ferries and charter vessels for the local and international market.

MEC is a globally successful business. With financial support from Efic, the Australian Government』s export credit agency, MEC secured a contract with a cruise operator in Fiji in June of 2016 for the supply of two 24-metre passenger catamarans worth about A$7.4 million. Austrade has also supported them with past opportunities in Vietnam.

Lots of industry partners?

One of the industry partners in this report, the Australian International Marine Export Group (AIMEX) and Superyacht Australia, have also done a lot of work identifying the additional flow on tourism impacts as international superyacht crews, owners and their guests explore Australia』s tourism offerings while their yachts are overhauled in our world-class shipyards such as the Gold Coast City Marina.

In 2017 the Government introduced a Bill to allow foreign-flagged superyachts to charter in Australian waters, a reform that will generate an estimated $1.12 billion in additional revenue for the industry by 2021.

In South East Queensland alone, AIMEX estimates their sector delivers around $630.2million in Gross State Product ($194.5 million direct) and employs around 4,545 Full-Time Employees (1824 direct).

ChAFTA helps!

The benefits of ChAFTA in eliminating tariffs on Australian boat exports are substantial. Tariffs on other products, including some as high as 18% on things such as marina equipment are also gradually falling to zero and we know Australian companies are benefiting.

Nerang based manufacturer Superior Group is one example. Its high precision welded steel marina components, for example, are clearly becoming more competitive as tariffs progressively drop under the ChAFTA schedule.

Superior Group says it has already experienced a significantly increased flow of its products into the China market.

Australian industry is ably assisted in offshore markets by Austrade through its network of 83 offices throughout the world and by Efic.

With this report, Australia』s ambassadors and trade commissioners around the world now have a great tool at their fingertips to promote Australian capability.

How do you rate Australian built ships?

A. World Class?

B. Ok?

C. Average?

D. Below Average?

Please leave more comprehensive comments!

作者Author：Roger Hausmann -Federal Parliamentary Journalist澳洲聯邦記者

本文翻譯Translator：周吉吉Julie

本文編輯Editor：千千Coco

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