北冰洋上的水上環形酒店

Sn?hetta事務所出品：世界第一個佔地面積最小的挪威能源型酒店

Sn?hetta unveils plans for world』s first energy positive hotel with minimum footprint in Norway

由專築網飯否，李韌編譯

挪威建築公司Sn?hetta近期公布了循環型酒店的設計方案，該項目位於挪威的北極地區，具有極小的佔地面積，該酒店將成為世界上第一座在北極圈內的能源型酒店。

該酒店名叫「Svart」，設計師與Arctic Adventure合作開發，該公司旨在成為挪威北部可持續旅遊的先驅。「Svart」項目將建在斯瓦蒂森（Svartisen）山冰川腳下，該項目的名字直接來源於斯瓦蒂森山自然遺產，這裡有著寶貴冰川和自然環境。Sn?hetta事務所聲明：「挪威語中『Svart』代表著『黑色』，直接表達了斯瓦蒂森冰川以及其中深藍色的冰塊。」

Norwegian architecture firm Sn?hetta has unveiled plans for a new circular hotel, creating a minimum footprint on Norway"s arctic land - the hotel will be the world"s first energy positive hotel concept above the arctic circle.

Named Svart, the hotel concept is developed in collaboration with Arctic Adventure of Norway, a company aiming to become a pioneer of sustainable tourism in Northern Norway, Asplan Viak and Skanska,

The Svart will be built at the foot of the Svartisen glacier that runs through Mel?y municipality in northern Norway and the project takes its name directly from the natural heritage of Svartisen, its precious glacier and its natural surroundings. "The name 「Svart」, meaning "black" in Norwegian, is a direct tribute to the deep blue ice of Svartisen and the Svartisen name," stated Sn?hetta.

建築師補充說：「Sn?hetta設計的新酒店相較於其他現代酒店不僅會減少它每年85%的能源消耗，而且它能夠自給自足，這是北冰洋環境中珍貴的必需品。」

Svart建築在同類能耗建築中擁有著全球最北的地理特徵。

「在這樣一個寶貴的環境中建造建築，建築師有責任保護自然美景和場地的動植物。因此可持續發展的建築很重要，讓建築對環境的影響降至最低。」Sn?hetta事務所創始合伙人Kjetil Tr?dal Thorsen說。

「建設一座能源積極、自然影響力低的酒店是可持續旅遊業發展的重要因素，人們尊重該地塊獨特的特點，即稀有植物物種、純凈的水域和斯瓦蒂森的藍色冰川。」

酒店由一個圓形體量構成，從Almlifjellet山腳下的海岸線延伸到Holandsfjorden峽灣的清澈海水中。圓形的形狀為使用者提供了峽灣的全景圖像，以及與大自然親近的生活體驗。

Sn?hetta"s new hotel not only will reduce its yearly energy consumption by approximately 85% compared to a modern hotel, but it will also produce its own energy - an absolute 「must」 in this precious arctic environment, the architects added.

Conceived as the first of its kind to be built in compliance with the Powerhouse standard, the Svart will also become the world』s northernmost Powerhouse building.

"Building in such a precious environment comes with some clear obligations in terms of preserving the natural beauty and the fauna and flora of the site. It was important for us to design a sustainable building that will leave a minimal environmental footprint on this beautiful Northern nature," said Founding Partner at Sn?hetta, Kjetil Tr?dal Thorsen.

"Building an energy positive and low-impact hotel is an essential factor to create a sustainable tourist destination respecting the unique features of the plot; the rare plant species, the clean waters and the blue ice of the Svartisen glacier."

The hotel is composed of a circular volume extending from the shoreline by the foot of the Almlifjellet mountain and into the clear waters of the Holandsfjorden fjord. The circular shape provides a panoramic view of the fjord and an experience of living in proximity with nature.

設計靈感來源於當地的本土建築「Fiskehjell 」（一種為晾曬魚的木質結構）和「Rorbue 」（一種漁民們使用的傳統季節性房屋）的形狀。Sn?hetta事務所參考了Rorbue的結構類型，因此 酒店的支撐結構由在海灣表面以下幾米的耐候性木杆建成。

結構從水中通過柱子向上延伸，確保建築物在原始自然環境中實現最小的佔地面積，並讓Svart擁有幾乎透明的外觀。圓形的形狀為使用者提供了峽灣的全景，以及與大自然親近的生活體驗。

該公司負責人說：「酒店的柱子可以支撐木板道，讓遊客在夏天漫步。在冬季，木板路可以用來存放船隻和皮艇，減少了對車庫和額外存儲空間的需求。結構也有著足夠的高度，人們甚至可以在酒店的主體下方划船。」

「人們可以乘坐船隻進入酒店周圍的珍貴自然環境，來自市區的遊客也可以坐船來到這裡。」

Inspired by local vernacular architecture in the form of the 「fiskehjell」 (A-shaped wooden structure for drying fish) and the 「rorbue」 (a traditional type of seasonal house used by fishermen), Sn?hetta"s reference for the rorbue translates into the hotel』s supporting structure which is built from weather resistant wooden poles stretching several meters below the surface of the fjord.

The structure is raised above from the water through poles, ensuring that the building physically places a minimal footprint in the pristine nature and gives the building an almost transparent appearance of 「Svart」. The circular shape provides a panoramic view of the fjord and an experience of living in proximity with nature.

"The poles of the hotel double as a wooden boardwalk for visitors to stroll in the summer. In the winter, the boardwalk can be used to store boats and kayaks, reducing the need for garages and additional storage space. The height of structure also allows for paddlers to paddle under the hotel corpus," said the firm.

"The precious nature surrounding the hotel can only be accessed by boat and there are plans to introduce an energy neutral boat shuttle from the city of Bod? to the hotel."

為了達到Powerhouse標準，事務所使用了幾種頂級設計方式。例如，建築師們已經對全年的太陽輻射與山區環境的關係進行了細緻的分析，以優化能源收穫。

研究的結果是酒店圓形設計的重要前提。酒店客房、餐廳和露台都採用節能型布局方式，這樣能夠全天候地利用太陽的能量。酒店的屋頂覆蓋著挪威太陽能電池板，採用乾淨的水力能源生產，進一步減少了碳足跡。

酒店設有僻靜的露台，提供光影變化的同時確保隱私。外立面經過精心設計，能夠有效避免夏季陽光直射，減少人工降溫。

To achieve the Powerhouse standard, the studio uses several cutting-edge design choices. For example, the architects have conducted an extensive mapping of how solar radiation behaves in relation to mountainous context throughout the year to optimize the harvest of energy.

The result of the study has been an importance premise for the circular design of the hotel, and both hotel rooms, restaurants and terraces are strategically placed to exploit the Sun』s energy throughout the day and seasons. The hotel』s roof is clad with Norwegian solar panels produced with clean hydro energy reducing the carbon footprint even further.

The hotel comprises secluded terraces, providing a shadow play in the fa?ade of the hotel while also ensuring privacy. The facades are carefully designed to protect against insolation from the sun in the summer when the sun is high in the sky, removing the need for artificial cooling.

「在冬季，當太陽高度角較低時，立面的大窗戶可以最大限度地利用太陽的熱能。」該公司負責人詳細介紹說。

建築師使用配有低隱含能量的特殊材料來達到Powerhouse標準。「在建築材料的生產、運輸、建造和更換的過程中，隱含能源材料都至關重要，通過化石燃料的採集，能夠獲得含量較高的隱含能源。」事務所負責人補充說。

建築師的目標是通過在建築和覆蓋層中使用木材來減少建築物對環境的影響，同時儘可能避免在建築中添加結構鋼和混凝土等能源密集型材料。

Powerhouse是由Sn?hetta、Entra、Skanska、零排放資源組織（ZERO Emission Resource Organization）和Asplan Viak的共同合作的組織機構，有著多個住宅項目，其中包括挪威的第一個擴建房屋，也是世界上第一座修復房屋。

今天，Powerhouse組織正在Dr?bak建設一所蒙台梭利學校，該校將於2018年2月開放。在特隆赫姆（Trondheim），Powerhouse合作夥伴Entra正在泰勒馬克（Telemark）的Bratt?rkaia新建發電廠，而能源小屋也在建造中。

圖片來源：Sn?hetta/ Plompmozes

"During the winter months, when the sun is low in the sky, the large windows of the fa?ade allow for a maximum of insolation to exploit the Sun』s natural thermal energy," detailed the firm.

The architects use special materials equipped with low embodied energy to reach the Powerhouse standard. "Embodied energy is the amount of energy that is required to produce, transport, build and replace materials and products that go into a building. Embodied energy is highest in materials produced with energy derived from fossil fuels," added the studio.

The architects aims to minimise the environmental impact of the building by using use wood in construction and cladding. They avoid adding typically energy-intensive materials such as structural steel and concrete as much as possible in construction.

Powerhouse is a collaboration between Sn?hetta, Entra, Skanska, the ZERO Emission Resource Organization and Asplan Viak. Powerhouse is responsible for several plus house projects, including Norway』s first plus house, the world』s first rehabilitated plus house at Kj?rbo in Sandvika, Norway.

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