偉叔托福長難句一周匯總
01
Kramer then set up experiments with caged starlings and found that their orientation was, in fact, in the proper migratory direction except when the sky was overcast, at which times there was no clear direction to their restless movements. (Words 39; Medium)
set up v.設立
caged adj.關在籠子里的
starling n.燕八哥
orientation n.定位
migratory adj.遷徙的
overcast adj.陰天的
restless adj.不安的
參考譯文
Kramer然後用裝在籠子里的椋鳥做了實驗，並且發現他們的定位方向實際上就是正常的遷徙方向；除了在陰天的時候，這個時候，他們都不停的動作是沒有清晰的方向的。
02
One possibility is that a noisy baby bird provides accurate signals of its real hunger and good health, making it worthwhile for the listening parent to give it food in a nest where several other offspring are usually available to be fed. (Words 42; Medium)
accurate adj.準確的
signal n.信號
worthwhile adj.值得的
offspring n.後代
available adj.可用的
參考譯文
有一種可能性就是，一個吵鬧的雛鳥提供了它真正飢餓和良好健康狀態的準確信號，使得傾聽的父母值得把食物給它，在一個還有其他的後代等待被餵食的巢穴中。
03
When experimentally deprived baby robins are placed in a nest with normally fed siblings, the hungry nestlings beg more loudly than usual—but so do their better-fed siblings, though not as loudly as the hungrier birds. (Words 36; Medium)
experimentally adv.實驗性地
deprive v.剝奪
robin n.羅賓鳥
sibling n.兄弟姐妹
nestling n.雛鳥
參考譯文
當實驗中被剝奪了食物的羅賓鳥和被正常餵食的兄弟姐妹一起放回巢穴中的時候，這些飢餓的雛鳥叫的聲音比一般的時候更大--但是，他們那些被正常餵食的兄弟姐妹叫的聲音也大，儘管不如那些飢餓的鳥那麼大聲。
04
The answer lies apparently not in the increased energy costs of exaggerated begging—such energy costs are small relative to the potential gain in calories—but rather in the damage that any successful cheater would do to its siblings, which share genes with one another. (Words 45; Medium)
lie in v.在於
apparently adv.明顯地
exaggerate v.誇張
relative to 相對於
potential adj.可能的
calorie n.卡路里，能力
gene n.基因
參考譯文
答案明顯不在於這種誇張的叫聲所導致的更多的能量消耗（這些能量消耗是很小的，相對於可能獲得的卡路里來），而在於成功的騙子會對他的兄弟姐妹所導致的傷害，這些兄弟姐妹之間共享著相同的基因。
05
Most engravings, for example, are best lit from the left, as befits the work of right-handed artists, who generally prefer to have the light source on the left so that the shadow of their hand does not fall on the tip of the engraving tool or brush. (Words 47; Medium)
engraving n.雕刻
lit v.照亮(light的過去分詞)
befit v.適合
work n.作品
source n.來源
參考譯文
比如，大多數的雕刻都是在左側光線最亮的，這恰好適合那些用右手的藝術家的作品：右手的藝術家一般喜歡把光源放到左側，目的是他們手的影子不會擋住到雕刻工具或刷子的尖。
06
Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective, a strain of critical opinion in the 1920s predicted that sound film would be a technical novelty that would soon fade from sight, just as had many previous attempts, dating well back before the First World War, to link images with recorded sound. (Words 54; Medium)
perspective n.觀點，視角
strain n.種類
critical adj.批評性的
novelty n.新奇事物
fade v.褪色
sight n.視野
previous adj.從前的
attempt n.嘗試
date back v.追溯到
參考譯文
儘管從後來的視角可能很難想像，在20世紀20年代一種批評的觀點預測說，有聲電影將會是一種很快從人們視野中消失的科技創新，正如好多從前的想要把圖像和錄製聲音結合在一起的嘗試一樣，這種嘗試可以追溯回第一次世界大戰以前。
07
The relations between animal activity and these periods, particularly for the daily rhythms, have been of such interest and importance that a huge amount of work has been done on them and the special research field of chronobiology has emerged. (Words 40; Medium)
particularly adv.特別地
rhythm n.節奏
chronobiology n.時間生物學
emerge v.出現
參考譯文
動物活動和這些周期之間的關係，特別是對於日節律，如此的令人感興趣並且如此的重要，以至於人們對他們進行大量的研究，而且生物鐘學的特殊研究領域出現了。
08
Therefore, when observational assessment is used as a technique for studying infant perceptual abilities, care must be taken not to overgeneralize from the data or to rely on one or two studies as conclusive evidence of a particular perceptual ability of the infant. (Words 43; Medium)
therefore adv.因此
observational adj.根據觀察的
assessment n.評估，評價
infant n.嬰兒
perceptual adj.知覺的
overgeneralize v.太籠統的概括
data n.數據
conclusive adj.結論性的
particular adj.特定的
參考譯文
因此，當觀察評估法被作為一種研究嬰兒認知能力的方法的時候，人們必須要小心不能夠從數據中過度總結，也不能依靠一兩次的研究作為某種嬰兒的特定認知能力存在的結論性證據。
09
he author George Comstock suggested that less than a quarter of children between the ages of six and eight years old understood standard disclaimers used in many toy advertisements and that disclaimers are more readily comprehended when presented in both audio and visual formats. (Words 44; Medium)
quarter n.四分之一
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