第一課 Jose Galvez 與性別經濟學

最新 03-08

留學生

的驕傲放縱

GIF

隨著生活水平提高，

留學的門檻越來越低，

海歸不再高不可攀。

【留學生】被貼了許多標籤，

富二代、紙醉金迷、槍戰、

飆豪車、趕Due、酒吧文化…

接下來幾期，我將會逐步展示我曾一句都聽不明白的課、凌晨三點寫過的文章、喝著咖啡敲出的論文。給你看看，【留學生】的驕傲放縱。

GIF

第壹課

ECON211

性別經濟學

這是我到美國後，上的第一堂課。

Gender in the Economy

ECON-211-001

Instructor 導師: Jose Rolando Galvez

去美國的第一堂課，就是性別經濟學，全班就只有我一個中國人，舉目無助的彷徨和聽不懂的緊張煩擾了整整一個學期。但幸好我遇到了導師Jose Rolando Galvez，他幫助了我許多，並且鼓勵我在美國求學過程中，語言會是我的障礙，但不會成為阻礙我學習知識和表達思想的絆腳石，因此無論是寫作還是說話的過程中出現再多的語法錯誤，只要能表述出你想闡述的觀點，結果還是按能力論英雄。

在課程結束後，我和導師Jose成為了好友，第二學期我沒有他的課，但我隔個星期就會去他辦公室嘮嗑，最後我研究生的推薦信其中一封也是他為我寫的。

這門課，從第一次小測只有37分，到第三次小測時能有73分，到期末總分拿到了82分。這門課，從一開始老師給我第一個Good，到後來Good work，再到了後來Really Good Work，一步一個腳印，如此艱辛，但又如此驕傲。

聖誕前在圖書館的晚上十點，學校里的學生組織派發聖誕老人拐杖糖果，上面綁著紙條寫著鼓勵的話，而後面就是我關於」性別經濟學「這門課，寫得滿滿的筆記和標註。那天我很夜才回家，但是回到家後室友給我留了湯，那是溫暖的時刻。

課程簡介

The course provides an overviewof the economics of gender. It considers gender a relevant socially constructed category in moderneconomies. It studies how gender affects economies of households, firms, communities, societies andglobally.

我的期末論文

《家庭中的性別角色變化》寫於我在CSU求學的第一學期，結文於2013年12月6日。那時候我雅思總分6分，寫作5.5分，文筆不通暢，語法結構也有很多錯誤，但老師一直鼓勵我：你這堂課學的是「性別經濟學」，不是英語課，所以你唯一要做的，是用盡你的全力表達你對題目的理解和看法，我不在乎你的句子結構和文筆錯誤。

全文共1048字，閱讀約十分鐘。

【文章已上傳於美國大學生論文檢測系統，未經作者允許，禁止複製抄襲，本人保留追究權利】

論文序言

Critical Preface

I have chosen to investigate the issue of changes in gender role in family. Since the gender roles and family dynamics are changing in the wake of the 2008 global financial crisis, many women want to work rather than stay at home to do housework. I am interested in this issue because I have noticed that more and more males focus on household chores than his wife is. In order to find out more about this issue, I investigated three research questions: What are gender roles? How gender roles change in family? How gender roles』 changed affect marriages? What』s to be done with these changes?

I conducted this research during a four week period from February to March 2014. I have included five sources: one article from a peer-reviewed scholarly journal, two articles from newspaper, an article from a magazine, and one chapter from an anthology. Two of these sources were published in the last twelve months and the others were all published within the last five years.

翻譯：

序言

本文選擇調查家庭中的性別角色變化，是因為從2008全球金融危機後，許多婦女寧願出外工作而非困在家裡做家務，且越來越多男性會花注意力在做家務上。

為了進一步了解這個現象，我調查研究了三個方向：什麼是性別角色？家庭中的性別角色是如何變化的？性別角色如何改變和影響了婚姻和如何應對這些變化？

我用了四周時間進行了此項研究。引用了五篇文章：一篇來自同行評議的學術期刊，兩篇來自發行的報紙文章，一篇文章來自雜誌，一篇來自出版書籍的一章內容；其中兩篇在過去一年中出版，其餘都在過去五年內出版，具有權威性和時效性意義。

一：什麼是性別角色？

Folbre Nancy, 「the Future of the Gender Bend」, New York Times, New York Times, 1 April. 2013. Web. 1 April, 2013. In this article written for common people especially women who are hesitating about future major and jobs, first Folbre discusses the biological differences between males and females and second she encourages women to choose their major and job freely. She explains that biology determined distinction between men and women and the gender role debate is regard to nurture versus nature. The supporting detail related to Folbre』s purpose is from Levin, who states that biological determinism is the source of gender roles. Her other evidence is from Anthony Carnevale of Georgetown University, who say women should not choose lower wage jobs, because if they find a higher paying job, they will not have enough time to take care children. I believe that this is a credible source because Folbre is an economics professor of the University of Massachusetts, and she studies gender economics for a long time. In addition, although she is a professor of university, she uses the vivid, brief and understandable language to show her purpose, which is effective to attract the audience. The little ineffective feature of her article is that she did not talk much about the future of the gender bend, which does not satisfies with the headline of her article. This source gives me a good answer in what are gender roles and how to deal with the change in gender role. Women who are controlled by their husbands or parents are the stakeholder because in this article, because she gives some advices to those women on choosing jobs and majors.

翻譯：此段落我參考了Folbre Nancy在2013年4月1日發布在」紐約時報「的《未來的性別變化》。

關鍵點：

該文作者闡述了生物決定論主宰了男性和女性先天和後天的性別角色，她從生物學角度解釋了男女性的差異，但是她鼓勵女性應自主選擇自己的路，不被生物學羈絆。

局限性：此文標題為《未來的性別變化》，但大部分從生物學闡述了什麼性別角色，並沒有關注在性別角色的變化上。因此我從以下一篇文章找到觀點支撐我的闡述——」性別角色的四個變化「。

二：性別角色的四個變化

Sharon Jayson, 「Family Life, Roles Changing As Couples Seek Balance」. USA Today. USA Today, 18 Apr. 2009. Web. 19 Apr. 2009. In this essay written for the men and women in families, especially the couples, the author argues against gender inequality in the family. Jayson takes Amy Vachon, a mother of two, as an example to explain four aspects of family life changed, including kid-raising, household chores, breadwinning and fair leisure time. The other supporting point is from Oriel Sullivan, a sociologist at Oxford University in England, whose study about men』s family contributions has improved in the past three decades, especially the time that they spend on family is increasing. I believe that this is a credible source because Jayson references many research findings from five family experts who are clinicians, sociologists and psychologists, who have the professional background. In addition, this article is published in USA Today, which is 「the widest circulated print newspaper in the United States (United States Census Bureau)」. However, one limitation with this source is that it only shows the data and research from experts but he did not explain how these researches link to his purpose, so I think this article lacks coherence. This source gives me some credible research and four aspects on how gender roles in family have changed. It also sheds light on the views of two major stakeholder groups: females and males in family, because he gives some examples of men』s changing contributions in family and women have more time for their own pursuits than before.

翻譯：此段落我參考了Sharon Jayson在2009年4月19日發佈於「今日美國」的《家庭生活和角色變化，夫妻間正尋找新平衡》。

關鍵點：家庭生活變化體現在以下四方面：男性對孩子撫養、男性做家務、女性養家糊口、雙方都有平等的休息時間。

三：性別角色的變化如何影響婚姻

Biddle Tabby, 「How Changing Gender Roles Are Affecting Marriages」. Huffpost. Huffpost Healthy living, 29 Jan, 2010. In this article written for people who concern the society institution and common people in the society, Biddle believes that the changing gender roles raise the divorces rate. Her central evidence is an example of her male friend, who thought that his ex-wife did not respect him when she earned more income than him, so they divorced. Also, she thinks the partnership between a couple changes toward sacred soul mate by concluding the main idea of the book 「The Seat of the Soul」 from Gary Zukav. Finally, what she thinks is that the gender roles of couples and the out-dated marriage concept should be broken. I believe that this is a credible source because Biddle references a lot of official data such as the research from the Pew Research Center. She also appeals to her audience』s ethos of her successful marital status with her husband; according to the article, she keeps good relationship with her husband with 「one step and one day at a time (Biddle, 2)」. However, there is a limitation with this source is that she does not appear a fair mind about who is the bread earning in the family and she thinks male needs to be the pillar of the income in rather than female, which is discrimination on female, so I need to be critical to not make gender bias on this article. This source gives some ideas about how gender roles』 changed affect marriages, such as divorce and who is bread earning. The major stakeholders are common people in society especially who are married because she gives some suggestion to the couples about refrain to divorce.

翻譯：

此段落我參考了Biddle Tabby在2010年1月29日發布在「赫芬頓郵報」的《性別角色的變化如何影響婚姻》。

關鍵點：其中一個案例，因為妻子收入比丈夫多，因此他們離婚了。另一個案例，因為性別角色趨於平等，一對夫妻朝向靈魂伴侶發展。最後該文作者認為過時的婚姻觀念會被打破。

局限性：此文用了「bread earning（掙麵包的人）"這個詞來描述男性在家庭中是經濟支柱，這本身就是性別歧視。因為家庭中經濟支柱並不僅是男性，女性也可是支柱。

為了趕在三八婦女節這天，寫出一篇既關於性別角色變化，又和我留學生活有關的文章，我花了整整三個多小時去編輯翻譯幾年前寫過的論文。對於女權崛起和性別興衰的現代觀點，我不想涉及太多，因為我生活在國內，每當我和長輩們討論這個話題保準是吵架收場。甚至媽媽還對我說過一句很傷心的話：送你出國，就是教會了你這樣的婚姻觀念？但我想告訴你們，沒錯的，時代就是在變化，而國門打開就是要開眼界。面對外來文化，自己要有判斷能力和辨別是非能力，才能汲取精華，去其糟粕。

我在思，你在想。

謝謝你看完了這篇文章，雖然它很長。

恭喜你張開了朦朧的雙眼，去看萬千世界。

詩姬

2018.3.8

語言是你的障礙，但不是你的阻礙

?詩姬不睡覺