我的paper終於完成了
前面我們已經學習了SCI各個板塊的寫作技巧，不知不覺paper的最後一個版塊了——Discussion部分。
別著急，paper是寫完了，但是，奇奇還沒啰嗦完~
投稿修稿了解一下
Discussion一直以來是SCI寫作的難點。
首先，需要充足的文獻閱讀量；
其次，需要對自己的研究結果進行深度的剖析，實現一次主題的升華。
怎樣的Discussion算得上一個好的Discussion
Results側重的是客觀描述what，而Discussion則在說明how和why。
討論的寫作屬於自由度很大的部分，要記住，所有的討論內容要圍繞文章的主題展開。
常見的討論內容大致可以分為三類：
A. 討論對結果的解讀，揭示如何從數據得出你的結論；
B. 討論本文結果和前人結果的異同，呼應因文中的gap，更詳細的指出為何你的研究填補了這個gap；
C. 討論本文結果的前景和可能的缺陷，呼應引言中的第五部分（value or justication）
請記住一點，好的Discussion要和引言相互呼應。結合results部分進行深度和廣度的探索，要有邏輯，但是不能太羅嗦。在這個範圍內進行深度拓展，也別跑題。
（奇奇幫你回顧一下）
完整的引言一般包含五個部分：
1、general statement（交代研究大背景）
2、specific aspects（前人關於此文論題的具體研究）
3、the gap（衝突：前人研究的不足和需要解決的問題）
4、thesis statement（交代論文的主旨）
5、value or justification（論文的價值或者意義）
如果已經拋在腦後的小可愛們，請回顧我們的舊文《這可能是SCI寫作最難的部分了吧》
Discussion結構五步法
2008年，英國基爾大學心理學學院James Hartley教授提出了Discussion結構化寫作的五步法。可以按照這個格式進行寫作。
Step 1：重述結論和成果。
Step 2：對比此次結果與以前結果，相同點或不同點，同意以前的結果還是有所進步（結合文獻）。
Step 3：列出該研究可能存在的局限性。
Step 4：提出局限性可能的解決方案。
Step 5：對於此試驗進行條件變更，提出新的問題，並建議進一步研究。 採用了五步法之後，一些基本的問題就能在討論部分加以解決。
這篇 J CLIN ONCOL（IF：18.428）上文章「Mutational Spectrum, Copy Number Changes, and Outcome: Results of a Sequencing Study of Patients With Newly Diagnosed Myeloma」的Discussion就是完全按照上述條理寫出來的。
小標題式
列幾個小標題可以清晰明了，如果你想討論的結論比較多，可以嘗試這種做法。
首先，首段簡短回顧並陳述一下結果。
以「The Hidden Genomic and Transcriptomic Plasticity of Giant Marker Chromosomes in Cancer」這篇文章為例。
In the present study, we unveiledthe extremely complex molecular architecture of neocentromeres mitotically stabilizing RGMs in WDLPS and LSC cell lines, describing their structure down to the nucleotide level, and disclosed the occurrence of a burst of chimeric transcripts associated with genomic amplification.Both these findings shed light onthe extraordinary genomic and transcriptomic plasticity of RGMs, likely playing a role in cancer evolution.
其次，將你的主要結論分點闡述並加以解釋。可涉及的內容包括推導過程、可能的原因、是否有普適性、前人研究成果、該研究的亮點與不足，展望等等。
經典句型了解一下
1、引用前人研究成果
Several reports have shown that...
Consistent with previous studies of ...
As mentioned in the literature review, ...
Prior studies that have noted the importance of ...
Very little was found in the literature on the question of ...
... have been reported in the literature.
2、重述研究結果
One interesting finding is ...
It is interesting to note that in all seven cases of this study ...
The most obvious finding to emerge from the analysis is that ...
The results of this study did not show that ...
The results of this study show/indicate that
3、比較結果
(一致)
This study confirms that X is associated with ...
These results further support/corroborates/are in agreement with/are in line with/are in accord with/ are consistent with/ the idea of ...
Comparison of the finding with those of other studies confirms ...
（矛盾）
This study has been unable to demonstrate that ...
However, this result has not previously been described.
This outcome is contrary to that of Smith et al. (2017) who found ...
In contrast to earlier findings, however, no evidence of ... was detected.
4、原因和解釋
A possible explanation for this might be that ...
This result may be (partly) explained by the fact that ...
Be due to/attributed to/related to
There are two likely causes for the differences between ...
The reason for this is not clear but it may have something to do with...
This might be explained in this way: ...
5、局限性解說
A note of caution is due here since...
These findings may be somewhat limited by ...
These data must be interpreted with caution because ...
It could be argued that the positive results were due to..
These findings cannot be extrapolated to all patients.
These results therefore need to be interpreted with caution.
6、推論
In general, therefore, it seems that ...
It is possible, therefore, that, ...
According to these data, we can infer that ...
Hence, it could conceivably be hypothesized that ...
This finding has important implications for ...
7、對結果的評價
These findings are rather disappointing.
However, these results were not very encouraging.
The results are significant in at least two major respects.
These findings will doubtless be much scrutinised, but there are some immediately dependable conclusions for...
8、展望
This is an important issue for future research.
Research questions that could be asked include …
There are still many unanswered questions about …
Several questions remain unanswered at present.
Despite these promising results, questions remain.
Further work is required to establish the viability of…
Further research should be undertaken to investigate the …
There is abundant room for further progress in determining …
A further study with more focus on X is therefore suggested.
Future studies on the current topic are therefore recommended.
Further studies, which take these variables into account, will need to be undertaken.
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