蹄蝠甲肝病毒的流行病學調查及其基因組特徵分析

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蹄蝠甲肝病毒的流行病學調查及其基因組特徵分析

作者：李雯, 王博, 李貝, 張瑋, 朱燕, 石正麗, 楊興婁

單位：

中國科學院武漢病毒研究所，新發病毒學科組

摘要:蝙蝠是多種病毒的天然存儲庫，近年來乙型肝炎病毒、丙型肝炎病毒、戊型肝炎病毒相繼從蝙蝠中檢測出，提示蝙蝠可能是多種肝炎病毒的自然宿主。2015年德國科學家從非洲剛果、迦納，歐洲德國盧森堡，拉丁美洲哥斯大黎加等地的蝙蝠、嚙齒動物等多種小型哺乳動物中檢測到甲型肝炎病毒存在，顯示蝙蝠也攜帶甲型肝炎病毒。而甲型肝炎的暴發是一種對人體健康和經濟發展均有嚴重影響的疾病，中國迄今為止還沒有過關於蝙蝠攜帶甲型肝炎病毒的報道，本論文首次對中國各地的蹄蝠進行甲型肝炎病毒的篩查及全基因組擴增。本研究對2011年-2014年之間四川峨眉山、宜賓，湖北咸寧，雲南墨江等地區採集的共計1266份蹄蝠糞便/肛拭子樣本進行甲型肝炎病毒檢測，首次從2011-2014年咸寧太乙洞的蝙蝠糞便樣品中檢測到9份甲型肝炎陽性樣品，並獲得一株長度為7,184bp的蹄蝠甲型肝炎病毒全基因組序列，命名為Hepatovirus-bat3206（HepV-bat3206）。對PCR擴增得到的部分複製酶序列進行比對，發現這些陽性序列之間的差異性很小，說明該病毒在咸寧地區的蝙蝠中可能非常保守。全基因組序列比對分析發現它與蝙蝠、刺蝟和樹鼩中發現的甲肝病毒同源性最高，但相似性最高為70%，其結構蛋白P1和複製酶基因相似度分析表明其屬於甲肝病毒HepV-H的新的分離株。本研究首次從中國蝙蝠中檢測到甲型肝炎病毒存在，進一步豐富了中國蝙蝠攜帶病毒譜的知識，首次對HepV在中國蝙蝠中的流行病學進行了調查，對預防和控制該疾病提供參考。

Abstract:The hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus of the genusHepatovirusin the familyPicornaviridae. HAV is a common agent causing acute liver disease worldwide and primarily transmitted by the fecal-oral route. Approximately 120 species of bats exist in China, but information on hepatovirus in bats is not reported. In this study, we collected 1,266 bat feces or fecal swab samples in eight places of seven provinces in China. Among these 1,266 samples, nineH. armigerfeces samples were found positive in Xianning, Hubei. These nine positive samples shared 99% nucleotide identity with each other and 67%–69% nucleotide identities with other reported hepatoviruses. Meanwhile one complete genome of bat hepatovirus named HepV-bat3206 was amplified and analyzed. The complete genome length of HepV-bat3206 is 7,184 nucleotides and shared highest 70% similarity with the reported hepatoviruses. The phylogenetic tree showed that HepV-bat3206 is distantly related to human and primate hepatoviruses and but clustered together with bat,Tupia, and hedgehog hepatovirus H. The positive hepatovirus samples were collected in the same colony of bats in the years 2011, 2012 and 2014, suggesting a long history of circulation of hepatoviruses in this colony. Since the bat cave is a famous tourist site, some measures should be taken to prevent visitors are frequently exposed to the bat feces.

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