中國經濟發展的內需支柱
Domestic demand backbone ofChina"s
economicdevelopment
中國經濟發展的內需支柱
Visitors admire an Audi A7 produced by FAW-Volkswagen Group at an auto show in Haikou, Hainan province. [Photo provided to China Daily]
遊客欣賞一汽大眾集團在海南省海口車展上生產的奧迪A7。
Chinese domestic demand"s contribution rate to economic growth averaged 105.7 percent between 2008 and 2017, according to National Bureau of Statistics data.
The highest contribution rate of 142.6 percent was registered in 2009, when the financial crisis shocked the globe, and the lowest contribution rate of 90.9 percent was recorded in 2017, when the global economy was recovering.
Between 2013 and 2017, national per capita disposable income increased 7.4 percent yearly, 0.3 percentage points higher than the average annual GDP growth rate. In 2017 alone, consumption contributed 58.8 percent to economic growth, 13.5 percentage points higher than the contribution rate in 2007.
By 2017, Chinese residents" Engel"s coefficient — which designates the proportion of income spent on food — has dropped to 29.3 percent, indicating there is high possibility for consumption of clothes, housing and transportation to increase. For example, there are 29.7 cars for every 100 Chinese residents, compared to 200 cars for every 100 US residents and 150 for every 100 residents of Europe, the NBS said on its website Tuesday.
In the first two months of this year, 1.73 million sport utility vehicles were sold in China, up 11.6 percent, year-on-year, accounting for 38.3 percent of all cars sold, and 3.5 percentage points higher than the rate last year, according to a post Tuesday on the website of the National Development and Reform Commission. In addition to SUVs, new energy vehicles, another example of consumption upgrading in the auto sector, saw a year-on-year increase of 200 percent as a total of 75,000 e-vehicles were sold in the first two months of this year.
Chinese residents" need for service consumption has also started to increase in areas such as information, medical care, elderly care, home maintenance and tourism. In 2017 alone, the country"s information consumption hit 4.5 trillion yuan ($714.8 billion).
By the end of February, China had 1.28 billion mobile internet subscribers, up by 14.8 percent year-on-year, according to the post on the NDRC website. Entire data traffic over these two months amounted to 6.89 billion gigabytes, up by 186 percent year-on-year.
During the seven-day Chinese Spring Festival holiday in February, the country received a total of 386 million visitors, up by 12.1 percent year-on-year, resulting in revenue from tourism of 475 billion yuan, up by 12.6 percent, according to the NDRC.
In the first quarter of this year, the country"s box office revenue amounted to 20.22 billion yuan, up by 39.8 percent year-on-year, according to the NDRC.
Broken down, domestic films" box office revenue reached 15 billion yuan, up by 93.2 percent year-on-year, accounting for 74.2 percent of the entire box office revenue, up from 53.7 percent in the same period last year.
As logistics, telecommunication and transportation are improving, e-commerce is extending further to rural areas. In the first two months of this year, retail sales in rural areas hit 903.6 billion yuan, up by 10.7 percent, 1.1 percent higher than the growth rate for retail sales in urban areas.
The country"s urbanization progress will also boost consumption, as NBS"s primary assessment shows that one percentage point of growth in the urbanization rate will lead to a two percentage point growth in consumption. There is still a huge gap between the 80 percent urbanization rate in developed countries and China』s rate of 58.52 percent, achieved by the end of 2017.
根據國家統計局的數據，2008至2017年間，中國國內需求對經濟增長的貢獻率平均為105.7%。
2009金融危機震驚全球時，貢獻率最高，為142.6%，2017全球經濟復甦時，最低貢獻率為90.9%。
2013~2017年間，人均可支配收入年均增長7.4%，比年均國內生產總值增長率高0.3個百分點。僅在2017年間，消費對經濟增長的貢獻率就達到了58.8%，比2007的貢獻率高出13.5個百分點。
到了2017，中國居民的恩格爾係數已經下降到29.3%，表明衣服、住房和交通的消費很有可能增加。例如，英國國家統計局(NBS)周二在其網站上表示，每100名中國居民中有29.7輛，而美國每100名居民中有200輛，歐洲每100名居民中有150輛。
據國家發改委周二發布的一篇文章稱，今年前兩個月，中國售出了173萬輛運動型多用途車，同比增長11.6%，佔總銷量的38.3%，比去年高出3.5個百分點。除了SUV之外，作為汽車行業消費升級的另一個例子，新能源汽車的銷量在今年前兩個月同比增長了200%，總共售出了7.5萬輛電動汽車。
中國居民對服務消費的需求也開始在信息、醫療、老人護理、家庭維護和旅遊等領域增加。僅在2017年間，中國的信息消費就達到了4.5萬億元人民幣(約合714.8萬億美元)。
發改委網站上的帖子顯示，截至2月底，中國有12.8億移動互聯網用戶，同比增長14.8%。這兩個月的全部數據流量達到68.9億千兆位元組，同比增長186%.
根據國家發改委的數據，在2月份的7天春節期間，中國接待了3.86億遊客，同比增長了12.1%，旅遊收入達到4750億元，增長了12.6%。
據發改委統計，今年第一季度，國家票房收入為202.2億元，同比增長39.8%。
整體而言，國產電影票房收入達150億元，同比增長93.2%，佔總票房收入的74.2%，高於去年同期的53.7%。
隨著物流、電信和交通的改善，電子商務正進一步擴展到農村地區.今年前兩個月，農村零售總額達到903.6多億元，增長10.7%，比城市零售增長1.1%。
中國的城市化進程也將促進消費，因為國家統計局的初步評估表明，城市化率增長一個百分點將導致消費增長兩個百分點。到2017年底，發達國家80%的城市化率與中國58.52%的城市化率仍有很大差距。
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