精品水族館之克羅埃西亞卡爾洛瓦茨淡水水族館 / Studio 3LHD.

愛好 04-16

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綠意順著覆土屋頂從邊緣向建築中心蔓延，建築如同河畔起伏的山丘，成為了公園自然景觀的一部分。

克羅埃西亞卡爾洛瓦茨淡水水族館位於科拉納河河畔的一塊露天營地之上。建築的體量微微下沉於地面，而綠意順著覆土屋頂從邊緣向中心蔓延，如同舊日環繞在卡爾洛瓦茨星形古城之外，以泥土築成的城牆與土堆。建築師希望藉此機會，在科拉納河的右岸創造一個新的城市聚焦點，激活水岸並吸引遊人前往參觀。三個建築單體圍合出一個公共中心廣場，僅以三條主要路徑與外界相連：向西指向城市中心與水岸，向南連接著鄰側文化音樂聖地polyvalent地區而向東則是主路與不遠處的體育館。環繞廣場而建的三座建築低伏於地面之上，最小化了其對科羅納河谷風光的干擾。

The freshwater aquarium is located on a site of a planned campsite by the river Korana. The building volume is partially dug into the ground and covered with earthen embankments from its outer edges. The design concept was inspired by the city』s historic center 「Karlovac star」 surrounded by 「?anci」 – defensive earthen walls and mounds. The goal was to form a new city focal point on the right side of Korana River, to validate the promenade and make a new tourist attraction. A public square area is defined by the aquarium building surrounding it. The main pedestrian routes intercept it in three main directions: western towards the city center and the promenade, southern towards the neighboring polyvalent area used for concerts and eastern towards the main road approach and the stadium. The aquarium facilities are hidden around the square without disturbing the natural Korana valley.

▼鳥瞰，位於科拉納河河畔的水族館，birdview, the freshwater aquarium located by the river Korana

▼頂視圖，三個建築單體圍合出一個公共中心廣場，僅以三條主要路徑與外界相連。

topview, the public square area is defined by the aquarium building surrounding it and connect the outside area with the main pedestrian routes

▼設計概念，concept

展覽空間、附帶咖啡餐吧的閱讀室以及辦公空間，三座建築功能各異，但皆可通過主廣場到達。半下沉的建築體量讓面向廣場一側的立面成為了建築的唯一立面。人們向外緩緩前行，立面漸漸消失在視野之中，而隨之出現、覆蓋著屋頂的開闊草坪讓建築成為了公園、遊戲場地和漫步道的一部分。建築隱藏在綠意之中，保證了科羅納河右岸自然風光的完整性。三座建築既可被視作獨立運行的三個單體，也可在必要時相互配合，助力展覽。位於中央的廣場將是人們觀賞之旅的第一站，而其帶來的奇妙空間體驗也彷彿在呼應、暗示著岩溶暗河的起源之地。

All three parts of the aquarium building can be entered from the square: the exhibition, the reading room with a cafe bar and the office spaces. Each part has only one fa?ade – the one oriented towards the square. The facades oriented towards the plot edges are 「invisible」, their back sides and roofs are covered with earthen material and act as part of the park, playgrounds and walkways. Green roof gardens 「hide」 the building and preserve the natural landscape on the right Korana bank. All three parts of the building can function as separate facilities or all together as integral parts of the aquarium exhibition. The square is the starting point of the aquarium exhibition with a water surface that symbolizes the source of the karst river.

▼建築隱藏在綠意之中，保證了科羅納河右岸自然風光的完整性。

green roof gardens 「hide」 the building and preserve the natural landscape on the right Korana bank

▼建築與坡道，the building and the pedestrian route

▼三座建築圍合而成的中心廣場，the public square area defined by the aquarium building surrounding it

▼從中心廣場看向遠處的公園，view from the public square area to the park

水族館展示了克羅埃西亞河流中的生物及其生態系統，並向人們介紹了卡爾諾瓦茨盆地內四條河流的地質和歷史文化。展區平面依照典型的岩溶暗河形態設置，並再現了其中豐富的動植物群。展覽從室外的廣場開始，遊客可以沿著如河流般蜿蜒的坡道系統進入建築地下，觀賞獨特的動物和植物，這些動植物需要在嚴格控制的關照條件下才能存活。線性的參觀路徑上布置有高低不一的水箱，展現了整條河流從源頭到河口多樣的生態環境。人們在參觀時，魚兒在腳邊游弋，如同在河邊漫步；而順著坡道向下，聽著河水流動的聲音，魚群的位置逐漸升高，最後彷彿置身於水底，仰觀魚群從頭頂游過。走過源頭區域，水流的聲音消失，遊客進入了洞窟區，這裡展示了地下河中經常發現的特有物種。隨著不斷的深入，空間變得越來越寬敞，從水箱發出的光照亮了整個環境。展區中央設有坐墊，人們可以在這裡小憩片刻，邊聆聽洞窟中的聲音，邊細細觀察展覽中的地下生物。連著洞窟區的是一個展示稀有生物的水族館，這些生物在克羅埃西亞自然棲息地中已經消失。象徵性的河流從地底湧向地表，人們可以在其中看到生活在溫暖河床區域的魚和水生植物。隨著著坡道向下延伸，水族箱逐漸上升到通道兩側，最後變成了一條水底隧道，給人以置身水中的感覺。走出隧道後，遊客將穿過一系列長有睡蓮等下游植物的水箱，感受沼澤的生態。展覽的最後是一串下落的水族箱，表現了河口處由瀑布和石灰華組成的生物棲地。

The aquarium exhibition displays the flora and fauna of Croatian rivers and their ecosystems, geological history, traditional culture and history of the four rivers of the Karlovac basin. The display layout follows the flow of a typical karst river – together with its flora, fauna and biodiversity. The exhibition starts outside, on the square. It continues inside the building with a system of ramps that wind like a river down into the basement level because specific plant and animal species require complete control of lighting conditions in order to survive. The exhibition layout linearly shows the different river habitats from its source to mouth, tracing its entire flow. Aquariums are placed along, above and below the visitor paths. Along the pedestrian ramps the fish are first observed from above, as they are when walking along the river; and then from the sides – they can be seen below the water surface. The visitors listen to the sounds of the flowing river, simultaneously going down the ramp system and following the river as it flows. After the headwaters (upper part of a river) the sounds quiet down, visitors plunge into caves that feature endemic species which are, in nature, often found in subterranean streams. The space expands, lighting comes from the tanks, and visitors can take a break in the central area, lay down on cushions, listen to the sounds recorded in caves, and observe the exhibited endemic species. After the cave, the visitors arrive to an aquarium with larger specimens of rare species that have disappeared from their natural habitats in Croatia. The symbolic river emerges from the underground to the surface. The visitors can observe the fish and aquatic plants that live in warmer parts of the riverbed. The aquariums are seen from the side, and then from underneath as the visitors walk into a tunnel that evokes immersion into a river. After the tunnel, visitors pass through a series of aquariums with water lilies and rushes usually present downstream, in the marshy habitats of a river. The exhibition ends with a system of cascading aquariums whose biotopes display waterfalls and a travertine barrier.

▼地下展覽區空間格局，spatial structure of the basement exhibition floor

線性的參觀路徑上布置有高低不一的水箱，展現了整條河流從源頭到河口多樣的生態環境。人們在參觀時，魚兒在腳邊游弋，如同在河邊漫步；而順著坡道向下，聽著河水流動的聲音，魚群的位置逐漸升高，最後彷彿置身於水底，仰觀魚群從頭頂游過。

▼黑色的內部空間讓人們能夠將注意力集中在水族箱以及展覽上，，aquarium interior is painted black to focus attention on the aquariums and the content of the exhibition

▼而順著坡道向下，魚群的位置逐漸升高，彷彿置身於水底，仰觀魚群從頭頂游過，the visitors simultaneously going down the ramp system and following the river as it flows

▼高低不一的水箱展現了整條河流從源頭到河口多樣的生態環境，the exhibition layout linearly shows the different river habitats from its source to mouth, tracing its entire flow

▼展區中央設有坐墊，人們可以在這裡小憩片刻，visitors can take a break in the central area, lay down on cushions

▼展示稀有生物的水族館中是克羅埃西亞自然棲息地中已經消失的生物，After the cave, the visitors arrive to an aquarium with larger specimens of rare species that have disappeared from their natural habitats in Croatia

▼水底隧道給人以置身水中的感覺，a tunnel that evokes immersion into a river

▼一串下落的水族箱表現了河口處由瀑布和石灰華組成的生物棲地，the exhibition ends with a system of cascading aquariums whose biotopes display waterfalls and a travertine barrier

最後，遊客將通過電梯和樓梯經由禮品店回到入口大廳。建築的中部設有水質分析區、科研中心和魚群馴化區等輔助功能空間。

Finally, a stairway and an elevator return the visitors to the entrance hall through the gift shop. A space for analysis of the technological parameters of water, a scientific research center and fish acclimatization spaces are located in the center of the layout.

▼附帶咖啡餐吧的閱讀室，the reading room with a cafe bar

▼館中的教學區域與兒童遊戲室，所有的傢具都是為孩子量身定製的，the aquarium features a classroom space with a children』s playroom, the furniture was specially designed for the playroom

作為一個新興的旅遊點，卡爾洛瓦茨淡水水族館集中展現了其區域內河流與湖泊多樣化的生態系統，以及伴隨庫帕河，科拉納河等四條河流而生的傳統生活方式。項目的建設得到了歐洲區域發展基金的支持，而對建築師的細心把控將預算嚴格控制在了計劃之內。

Karlovac freshwater aquarium is a tourist attraction based on the bio-diversity of Karlovac rivers and lakes and the rich tradition of life on the rivers Kupa, Korana, Mre?nica and Dobra. It is co-financed from the European Regional Development Fund under the 「Regional Competitiveness」 2007-20013 Operational Programme. The total value of the project is 36.691.939,28 Kuna』s, of which the grant from the European Regional Development Fund is 36,222,282.45 Kuna』s.

▼總平面圖，site plan