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時尚買手/這個自帶光環的職業到底意味著什麼

Lie

 Lie

Shallou 

00:00/03:35

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「巴黎倫敦紐約到處飛,不用剁手的買買買。」

也許這是很多人眼中無比艷羨的時尚買手工作。

然而,真正的買手,是商人,是設計師,是品牌的營銷師,也是時尚品牌中數學最好的人。

不會預測時尚的商人,不是好的時尚買手。

兩年前,帶著對「時尚買手」這個職業的無限好奇與憧憬,我的碩士畢業論文決定採訪10位中國零售/品牌時尚買手,從而系統研究這個職業的工作性質。

後來才發現,這是個坑。

原因有兩點:

首先,當時對於一個還在校園裡,也並沒有真正在「時尚圈」工作過的我來說,connection只能通過身邊朋友和搜索引擎來建立。

然而在網上搜「時尚買手」,你會在各大論壇中發現這些神奇的存在:廣州十三行買手,淘寶買手,奢侈品買手(代購)。。。

其實這些所謂「買手」,只不過把初級採購換了個高大上的名字。

GIF

其次,我找遍了學校圖書館,又跑到大英圖書館,收集到了關於Fashion Buying的學術書籍大概只有20多本。

這是一個連我導師都吃驚的數據。

也許是因為「時尚採購」一詞並不久遠,也正因為這種「稀缺性」,最後完成論文後,導師說可以發表到英國刊物並向我拋出了博士的橄欖枝。

GIF

言歸正傳,本文基本由兩個採訪組成,靈感來自於BOF的一篇文章--

How to Become a Successful Buyer or Merchandiser.

(怎樣成為一名成功的買手或採購)

「Buyers look to the future, the merchandiser actually looks to the past to understand buying patterns.」

--Susanne Tide-Frater

買手預測未來,而採購只是依賴過往的採買方式。

-Susanne.

Farfetch的品牌戰略總監Susanne Tide-Frater在採訪中如是說,她有著超過20年時尚從業經驗,並曾在英國Selfridges,Harrods百貨和Victoria Beckham擔任創意要職。

(Selfridges, London)

買手一般在公司里屬於Buying(採購部)或者Merchandising(商品部)。

進階過程一般為:

1.Merchandiser Clerk/ Sales Associate(商品文員/銷售助理)

2.Buyer Assistant/ Merchandiser Assistant (買手助理/採購助理)

3.Buyer /Merchandiser(買手/採購)

4.Buyer Manager/Merchandising Manager(買手經理)

買手主要做什麼?

我們先來看看著名英國買手店Browns描述的買手(配飾部)主要職責:

Ok,說人話。。。

作為一個買手你需要具備:很好的計算能力,分析商品能力,維護關係能力,發掘新品牌能力,了解時尚趨勢能力,解決問題能力,利益最大化能力......

「For example, once we had made Selfridges a cool store, we had a very specific way of looking at collections and making sure that only the cool, standout pieces were in the buy.」

簡言之,用Susanne的話說:

如果我們要把Selfridges變成一個很酷的商店,我們必須很仔細的研究產品系列,並且確保我們只買了最酷最出彩的單品。」

怎樣區分買手或採購的不同形式?

Susanne指出:

Merchandiser(採購)分為三種形式,第一種,只看以往數據的初級採購。

第二種,指零售買手或品牌買手。不僅分析以往數據,也關注未來時尚趨勢。

第三種,我認為是一種很有趣,很少見的存在。他們是會幫助設計團隊去構思產品方向,給予很多創意的點子,還會影響品牌做採買決定的人。但他們卻不想做買手。比如有一位之前我在Victoria Beckham培訓過的來自Stella McCartney的人士。

如何形成對商品好的直覺?

不同公司有著不同的方式--對比高街品牌,好的直覺在有創意性的環境中扮演更重要的角色。

如果一個買手沒有很好的直覺,那麼他將迎來很困難的時刻。

「Look at your experiences, don』t be too adventurous right away. Be led a little bit more by the numbers to start out.」

「回顧自己的經驗,不要太快去冒險。用數字引導自己去開始。」

如果你不僅有好的直覺,也很會數據分析,那麼你很快會在公司找到一個適合的職位。

買手在時裝周通常會做什麼?

去商店買自己喜歡的東西簡直是太棒了!--這通常是有錢的顧客們的所作所為。

然而買手們卻不同。

「They have what we call in the industry an open to buy. It』s basically the budget for the season which allows them to achieve the turnover that the company needs to increase their sale.」

「他們每一季都有預算,在預算範圍內,買手們必須最大化銷售額。也就是行業里的Open to Buy。」

當時裝周開始,除了高度讓人興奮外,買手們每一天行程都會被排滿。你也許一天會看12到15場秀。 與買手總監,買手助理交換採買意見,與品牌,銷售總監洽談,在showroom里第一時間看到新系列(更為商業化的系列),這些系列可能和你在秀場上看到的完全不同。因行程極為緊密,採購周期一般為4-5周,買手在此期間扮演最為重要的角色,而每一天又都在無限循環中,可見,買手之壓力有多大。

(Reference:BYBOF TEAM,APRIL 16, 2018)

Nick Wooster,美國著名精品百貨店Neiman Marcus以及Bergdorf Goodman男裝時裝總監。

Nick Wooster不僅是買手界的元老,其經典雋永、腔調十足的個人著裝風格,更讓他成為街拍界的大神,四大時裝周的明星。

Nick Wooster向來是街拍攝影師們的最愛。

說他是全世界最潮的男人一點不為過。

那麼我們再來看看一位也在美國高端百貨工作的零售買手怎麼說。

How would you describe what you do?你如何描述你的工作?

At the most basic level the buyer ensures that the correct merchandise is in a store at the correct time with the correct quantities to satisfy the customer. The success of a buyer is quantified by achievement of retail sales and gross margin goals.

買手最基本的職責是,確保店鋪中擁有正確的商品,並在正確的時間以正確的數量滿足消費者。一個成功的買手必須達到銷售額和總毛利率。

How did you get started?你是怎麼開始這份工作的?

As a senior in high school I job shadowed a buyer at the local luxury department store and was very interested in the dynamics of the role. While majoring in retail merchandising (a combination business/fashion degree,) I took a job as a sales associate at a department store and took the role very seriously, working about 35 hours a week. My school required a formal internship junior year and the department store agreed to move me to New York to work in their flagship store for a semester as a store-line management intern. After showing strong performance results I was granted a second internship in the buying office the next summer. This buying office internship, in addition to 6 years of part-time retail experience, opened many doors. Upon college graduation, I was given offers in big-box, specialty and department store buying offices.

在我高中時,我跟隨過一位在奢侈品商場工作的買手,並且對買手工作的多樣性產生了濃厚的興趣。而後我選了零售採購專業,先從百貨公司的銷售開始做起。我非常認真的做著銷售,每周工作35小時。後來因為學校要求一個正式的實習工作,百貨公司把我調到了紐約旗艦店做管理實習生。因為我的好業績,第二年暑假我被准許到採購部實習。正是這次實習和6年的兼職零售經驗為我打開了很多扇大門。畢業後,我就收到了很多百貨商店採購部的offer。

What do you like about what you do?在工作中,你喜歡哪些方面?

I like almost every aspect of my job but most importantly I like how dynamic it is. While there is certainly an 「average」 day, most days are filled with a variety of both analytical and creative work. I am regularly challenged to solve a problem that I have not come across before or develop a new business opportunity that I have identified. The ability to travel (to trade shows and visiting stores) keeps me connected to the 「results」 portion of my job. It is very satisfying to see a project that my team developed come to fruition in a store.

我幾乎喜歡我工作中的每一方面,最重要的是我喜歡它的多樣性。當然,這期間有很多「枯燥」的日子,大部分時間充滿著數據分析和創意的工作。我經常要解決一些我從沒遇過的難題或者開發一個新的商機。我也要去店鋪考察和看秀,這也是連接我和我「業績成果」的一種方式。我看到我的團隊在店鋪里把整個項目完成會感到非常滿足。

What do you dislike?在工作中,你不喜歡哪些方面?

There is a lot of pressure that comes with buying for a large department store. Both internally and externally, there are a lot of relationships to manage and many people with high expectations. My decisions affect thousands of people around the world and can make a vendor』s company thrive or fail. I have an ethical obligation to carefully manage these relationships to ensure both parties benefit.

在為大型百貨公司做採購時也伴隨著巨大的壓力。不論外部還是內部的,因為很多人對你有高期待,你有很多關係要去維護。我的決定影響著這個世界上的數千人,也引導著一個公司的成敗。所以我有義務使雙方收益。

How much money do you make as a retail fashion buyer?作為時尚買手,你的年薪如何?

$130,000

How much money do you make starting out?剛開始時你的薪水如何?

$42,000. The major 「raises」 in buying are the jumps from assistant buyer (3-4 years) to associate buyer (2 years)

$42,000/年。主要是因為我從買手助理(3-4年)升到了買手(2年)。

What education or skill are needed to do this?需要什麼樣的教育背景或能力?

Minimum four year degree in business or retail merchandising is best. Dependent upon varied professional experience it is a role that can be worked into. I know a retail CEO that was a history major!

Required skill set includes strong analytical skills (both quantitative and qualitative,) leadership qualities, excellent relationship building talent and the ability to form and execute a business strategy.

最好是至少4年的商業或零售採購專業。當然,這取決於職位需要的不同程度的專業經驗。我認識一個零售業CEO的背景是歷史專業!

需要的技能包括:很強的分析能力(數量和品質上),領導力,出色的關係管理和商業戰略執行力。

What is most challenging?你覺得最大的挑戰是什麼?

「Change is life,」 a term especially true in the retail world. The minute you are comfortable in your job and feel like you know what you are doing your company, role, team, location, etc will change! The second challenge of the field is the competitive nature of the industry. A lot of people want your job and are willing to do it for less you make! Finally, you have to enjoy working in a field that is 90percent women. This is a benefit and a drawback. It can be a very dynamic and supportive environment or a very dramatic and catty one.

「生命在於改變」,這個詞在零售界極為適用。當你這一秒覺得在工作中已經得心應手,下一秒就將改變!而且行業競爭非常大,很多人想要你的工作,而且會比你願意付出的更多。最後,你要享受你的工作環境里90%是女人,這同時存在著優劣。它可以是一個多樣性且互助的環境也可以擁有多樣性也很狡猾。

What advice would you offer someone considering this career?你會給想當買手的人們什麼建議?

Think long and hard before you decide want to do this. I see girls that I mentor that are like 「Oh, my god. I so want to be a fashion buyer. It will be so cool.」

You』ve got about five years before you ever touch product, before you ever see product.

To remember that maybe in your first year 70% of the job is analytical and execution. You have to really enjoy business management first and product second and understand that in your career, if you really are truly a good merchant, you should be able to buy widgets, gadgets, and designer clothing exactly the same. You should be as good a buyer buying staple guns for the Home Depot as you are buying Couture.

You really should love to buy nuts and bolts the same way you buy high fashion. You have to be able to understand any sort of product that comes along and learn business models first and learn product second.

認真仔細的想想你到底是否真的想做這行。我聽到很多我教過的女孩說:噢我的天!我太想做一個時尚買手了,這太酷了!

在你真正看到和摸到商品前,你大概需要5年時間。

記住,在第一年裡,你70%的時間會用在數據分析和執行上。你必須了解,並且真正去享受商業管理,其次才是商品。

如果你真的是一個好買手,你不僅會買設計師服飾,還要會買一個裝飾品甚至是小器具。你買一個訂書釘的能力要好到像你買高級定製一樣。

What』s a common misconception people have about what you do?人們對這個工作最大的誤解是什麼?

That it』s very glamorous. Maybe 5 out of 200 major style buyers in my company get to do anything remotely like cool, as far as meeting celebrities, going to fashions shows, unique product offering and whatnot. It happens, and it』s fun when it does, but it is not as often as people think.

那就是它的光鮮亮麗。在我的公司,大概200個人里就只有5個人的工作會被定義為酷,例如見明星,看秀,收到獨特的產品等等。是的,這些是有,而且很有趣,但不是人們所想的經常發生。

(Reference: Interview with a Retail buyer, jobshadow.com)

畢竟Nick Wooster這種買手可是萬里挑一,所以。。。

當然,也不必被以上條條框框限制了自己那顆熱愛時尚的心,畢竟也有很多不是時尚專業出來卻很成功的開啟了時尚事業的人呢。

夢想那麼多,試一下,萬一實現了呢?

GIF


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