「善意的謊言」用英語怎麼說？
Hello, welcome to 6 Minute English. I』m Neil.
大家好，歡迎來到六分鐘英語。我是尼爾。
And I』m Rob.
我是羅伯。
Rob, when you were a child, did you have a pet?
羅伯，你小時候有寵物嗎？
Yes, we had a few pets. My favourite was a little fluffy hamster.
有，我們有一些寵物。我最喜歡的是一隻毛茸茸的小倉鼠。
And what happened to your hamster?
你的小倉鼠後來怎麼樣了？
Well, one day I got home from school and he wasn』t in his cage. I was worried for a bit in case he』d escaped or got hurt. But it was alright. My mum told me that he had gone to live on a farm. So that he could run around with other animals.
好吧，有一天我放學回家，它並不在籠子里。我有點擔心，怕它萬一逃跑了或者受傷了。但是還好。媽媽告訴我它跑到農場里去了。那樣它可以和其它動物一起跑著玩。
Really?
真的嗎？
Yes, really.
是的，是真的。
A hamster. Went to live on a farm. To be with other animals. Really?
一隻倉鼠。跑到農場里生活。和其它動物在一起。真的嗎？
Oh, well, when you put it like that…
額，好吧，你要是那麼說得話……
I think that was probably one of those lies that parents tell their children so as not to make them sad.
我覺得那或許是父母為了不讓孩子傷心所說的一種謊言。
Well, I』m sad now.
好吧，我現在很難過。
Well, maybe having a go at this quiz will cheer you up. According to a study by a US psychologist, what percentage of people will lie in a typical ten minute conversation? Is it: a) 40% b) 50% or c) 60%?
好吧，或許試試回答一下這個問題會讓你高興起來。根據美國一位心理學家的研究，有百分之多少的人會在一個十分鐘的正常會話中說謊？是a) 40% b) 50% 還是 c) 60%？
I think most people don』t lie that much, so I』ll say 40%.
我覺得大多數人沒那麼愛說謊，所以我說有40%。
OK, well. We』ll reveal the answer a little later in the programme.
好的。稍後我們將在節目中揭曉答案。
So today we are talking about lies and particularly the lies that parents tell children.
所以今天我們談論是謊言，特別是父母對孩子說的謊言。
The topic was discussed on the BBC Radio 4 programme, Woman』s Hour.
BBC廣播4頻道的「女性時間」對這個話題進行了討論。
A guest on that programme was Doctor Chris Boyle, a psychologist at Exeter University. He talks about a particular kind of lie. We tell these lies not because we want to hurt people. What colour are these lies called?
節目嘉賓之一是克里斯·博伊爾博士，他是埃克斯特大學的心理學家。他談到了一種特殊的謊言。我們說那些謊言不是為了傷害別人。這些謊言被稱作什麼顏色的謊言呢？
A white lie is just a distortion of the truth without malicious intent. So as long as there』s not malicious intent I think it』s something that we do. It』s almost a societal norm that has become where it is acceptable that we do tell certain lies at certain times.
善意的謊言只是對事實的曲解，但並無惡意。所以只要沒有惡意，我覺得我們可以那樣做。它幾乎就是一種被大家接受的社會準則，我們確實在某些時間說某些特定的謊言。
Dr Chris Boyle there. What colour is the kind of lie he was talking about?
那是克里斯·博伊爾博士的觀點。他所談到的謊言是什麼顏色？
It』s a white lie. He says a white lie is just a distortion of the truth. 『Distortion』 here means a changing or bending of the truth. These kind of lies are OK as long as we don』t tell them because we want to hurt someone.
它是白色的謊言。他說善意的謊言只是對事情的曲解。"Distortion"在這裡指的是改變或者歪曲事實。這些謊言是可以的，只要我們不是為了傷害別人而說謊。
He used the phrase - malicious intent - to talk about a bad reason for doing something, didn』t he?
他用「惡意」這個片語來說做某事的惡劣原因，不是嗎？
Yes, 『intent』 is the reason or purpose for doing something. And 『malicious』 is an adjective, which means cruel or nasty. So without malicious intent means without wanting to hurt or be cruel to someone.
是的，「意圖」是指做某事的原因或者目的。而"malicious"是一個形容詞，指的是殘忍的或者險惡的。所以沒有惡意指的是沒想傷害或者殘忍對待某人。
He said that this kind of white lie was almost a societal norm. Can you explain what he means by that?
他說那種善意的謊言幾乎是一種社會準則。你能解釋一下他那麼說是什麼意思嗎？
Yes, something that is the norm is something that is expected, it』s regular and usual.The adjective 『societal』 comes from the noun 『society』. So a societal norm is something that is regular and common in your culture or society.
可以。準則就是符合人們要求的東西，是普通尋常的。形容詞 "societal"是由名詞"society"衍變而來的。所以社會準則是在你所處的文化環境或者社會中普通尋常的東西。
So do you think your mum』s story about the hamster and the farm was a little white lie?
所以你認為你媽媽關於倉鼠和農場的故事是一個善意的小謊言嗎？
Yes, I』m sure it was. She didn』t do it with malicious intent. She didn』t want to hurt me. In fact, just the opposite, she wanted to protect me.
是的，我確定它是善意的謊言。她不是懷著惡意做這件事。她不想傷害我。事實上正相反，她想要保護我。
Yes, that』s one kind of white lie that parents tell, to protect children.There are also a couple of other reasons. One being the parent』s convenience.
是的，那是父母為了保護孩子所說的一種善意的謊言。還有許多其它的理由。一個就是父母為了方便自己。
Yes, I remember my mum telling me on certain days, the park wasn』t open. I know now that it never closed. I guess at the time she was just too busy to take me.
是的，我記得我媽媽告訴我在特定的日子公園不會開放。現在我知道公園從來不會關閉。我猜那時候她只是太忙以至於沒時間帶我去。
And then there are the cultural lies that parents tell children.
然後父母對孩子說的謊還有與文化相關的。
Alright. What do you mean by that?
好吧。你那麼說是什麼意思？
Well, first, if you have any children listening to this right now, you might want to cover their ears for a few seconds. Rob, I』m talking about, for example, Father Christmas and the Tooth Fairy.
好吧，首先如果你的孩子現在正在收聽的話，你或許想要捂住他們的耳朵幾秒鐘。羅伯我現在說的是像聖誕老人和牙仙子。
Alright. Yes, there』s no malicious intent in telling children those stories. It is a cultural and societal norm.
好吧。是的，告訴孩子那些故事沒有惡意。它是一種文化和社會準則。
Let』s listen to Dr Chris Boyle again talking about white lies.
讓我們再聽一遍克里斯·博伊爾博士對善意的謊言的談論。
A white lie is just a distortion of the truth without malicious intent. So as long as there』s not malicious intent I think it』s something that we do. It』s almost a societal norm that has become where it is acceptable that we do tell certain lies at certain times.
善意的謊言只是對事實的曲解，但並無惡意。所以只要沒有惡意，我覺得我們可以那樣做。它幾乎就是一種被大家接受的社會準則，我們確實在某些時間說某些特定的謊言。
So now back to our question at the top of the programme. I asked what percentage of people will lie in a typical ten minute conversation. Was it: a) 40% b) 50% or c) 60% ? What did you say Rob?
所以現在讓我們回到節目開始時的問題。我問在一個十分鐘的正常對話中，有百分之多少的人會說謊？是a) 40% b) 50% 還是 c) 60%？你當時說是多少，羅伯？
I said a) just 40%.
我說是a）只有40%。
Well, I』m afraid the answer was 60%.
好吧，恐怕答案是60%。
Really? Goodness, 60%! That』s more than I expected.
真的。天哪，60%。那比我預料的要多。
Right, well before we go, let』s recap the vocabulary we talked about today. The first expression was 』white lie』 - a lie we tell without meaning to hurt someone. For example when I say to you: you look nice today!
是的。在結束之前，讓我們回顧一下今天所談到的單詞。第一個表達是「善意的謊言」——一個不是為了傷害別人而說的謊言。例如我和你說：你今天看起來真不錯！
Wait, what did you say?
等等，你剛說什麼？
But that is actually a distortion of the truth. A changing or bending of the truth.
但那實際上是對事實的曲解。對事實的改變或者歪曲。
Mmmm. This makes me think of the next expression, 』malicious intent』. Intent is the reason or purpose for doing something. And doing something with a malicious intent is doing it deliberately to be cruel or to hurt someone. And I think you have a malicious intent, telling me that when you say I look nice, it』s just a lie!
額。那讓我想到了下一個表達，「惡意」。意圖是做某事的原因或者目的。而且惡意做某事是指故意殘忍對待或傷害某人。我覺得你有惡意，當你跟我說我看起來不錯的時候，那只是一個謊言。
I』m just kidding!
我只是開玩笑！
That』s the norm for you, isn』t it? Just kidding. A 』norm』 is the standard or 『normal』 way that something is. In the clip we heard 』societal norm』, which is the accepted or 『normal』 way something is done in society.
那是你的準則，不是嗎？只是開玩笑。"norm"是指某事的標準或準則。在剛才的片段中，我們聽到了「社會準則」，是某事在社會中能被人們接受的，或者正常的完成方式。
For example, telling children about Father Christmas.
例如，告訴孩子們關於聖誕老人的信息。
Sssh!
噓。
Well, sadly this isn』t a lie but that』s all for this programme. For more, find us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and our YouTube pages, and of course our website bbclearningenglish.comwhere you can find all kinds of other audio programmes, videos, and quizzes, to help you improve your English. Thanks for joining us and goodbye!
好吧，很難過這不是一個謊言，節目到這裡就要結束了。更多信息，請在我們的Facebook，Twitter，Instagram和我們的YouTube主頁上查找，當然還有我們的網站bbclearningenglish.com，在那你可以找到各種各樣的其它類型的音頻節目，視頻和測試來幫助你提高英語。感謝你的參與，再見！
Byebye.
再見。
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