比爾·蓋茨：蚊帳的影響
世界在抗擊瘧疾方面取得了巨大進步。新的創新工具——包括更有效的治療藥物、更快的診斷試驗和更好的殺蟲劑——已經幫助避免了超過6億的瘧疾病例，並且在2000至2015年間挽救了680萬人的生命。一種長效型的蚊帳成為保護非洲家庭的新工具。下面就來了解一下這些蚊帳正在非洲南部國家莫三比克產生怎樣的影響。
The world is making incredible progress against malaria. New innovations—including more effective drugs for treatment, rapid diagnostic tests, and better insecticides—have helped prevent more than 600 million cases of malaria and saved 6.8 million lives between 2000 and 2015. One new tool that helps protect families in Africa is a long-lasting type of bed net. Learn more about the impact these bed nets are having in the southern African country of Mozambique.
滿是洞的蚊帳 FULL OF HOLES
一個男孩指著自家一張舊蚊帳上的洞。在莫三比克，儘管老一代蚊帳有助於保護家庭免受瘧疾侵襲，但它們也有缺點。這些蚊帳需要每六個月在殺蟲劑里浸泡一次，變髒後也不能重複清洗，不然就會留下蚊子可以穿越的洞。
A boy points out the holes in an old mosquito net used in his home. While the older generation of bed nets helped protect families from malaria in Mozambique, they had some downsides. They needed to be soaked in insecticide every six months and didn』t stand up to repeated washings when they got dirty, leading to tears that mosquitoes could fly through.
給所有人的蚊帳 BED NETS FOR ALL
去年11月，伊尼揚巴內數千個家庭排著隊接受莫三比克衛生部國家瘧疾控制項目和世界宣明會（World Vision）合作發放的長效驅蟲蚊帳。這種蚊帳可以使用三年，髒了之後也能清洗。（這筆捐贈部分得益於一些微博和微信粉絲去年參與的送蚊帳活動。謝謝你們的幫助！）
In November, thousands of families in Inhambane, Mozambique lined up to receive long-lasting insecticidal mosquito nets from the Mozambique Ministry of Health』s National Malaria Control Program and World Vision partnership. The nets protect people from mosquitoes for three years and can even be washed when they get dirty. (The bed net donation was made possible, in part, by the participation of Gates Notes readers ina bed net give away campaignlast year. Thanks for your help!)
好好睡一覺 A GOOD NIGHT"S SLEEP
6歲的克萊頓?佩德羅?阿爾伯特（Clayton Pedro Albert）和他11個月大的妹妹沙米拉（Sharmila）正在一張長效驅蟲蚊帳中睡覺。「今年家裡沒有發生瘧疾病例，但是去年就發生了好多起。」他們的母親卡羅琳娜·阿爾貝托（Carolina Alberto）說道。在整個莫三比克，世界宣明會與衛生部合作，已經分發了2100多萬頂蚊帳。確保各家各戶都能使用新型蚊帳是控制瘧疾的關鍵。世界宣明會將跟進這些家庭的情況，向他們展示如何懸掛和護理蚊帳，以及提醒他們每晚都睡在蚊帳里的重要性。
Clayton Pedro Albert, age 6, and his 11-month-old sister, Sharmila, go to bed under one of the long-lasting insecticidal nets. 「There is no malaria in this house this year. Last year, it was so many times,」 said Carolina Alberto, their mother. Across Mozambique, World Vision, in partnership with the Ministry of Health, has distributed more than 21 million bed nets. Ensuring families use their new bed nets is critical for controlling malaria. World Vision follows up with households to show families how to hang and care for their nets and remind them of the importance of sleeping under them every night.
今年無瘧 NO MALARIA THIS YEAR
思薇娜（Silvina Jorge Mahoche）和她的女兒賽琳娜（Celineza Mahoche）一起使用她們的新型驅蟲蚊帳。她們一家感染瘧疾的次數多到記不清，始終忘不了的就是瘧疾所帶來的痛苦。「發燒、寒顫、關節疼痛、頭痛和嘔吐。」思薇娜如此回憶。自從去年開始使用新型蚊帳以來，家裡就再沒有人感染過瘧疾。
Silvina Jorge Mahoche and her daughter, Celineza Mahoche, share their new insecticidal net. The Mahoche family has had malaria more times than they can remember. What they don』t forget are the painful symptoms: 「A fever,chills, joint pain, headaches, and vomiting,」 Silvina said. Since receiving the net last year, no one in the family has been sick from malaria.
前方的路 THE PATH AHEAD
村民領到新蚊帳後返回各自家中。確保各個社區都能大範圍地使用蚊帳，同時跟進後續的工作，確保人們正確地使用蚊帳，這對於實現瘧疾防控和消除瘧疾至關重要。一些蚊子現在對蚊帳中使用的擬除蟲菊酯殺蟲劑開始產生抗藥性，因此研究人員正在研究下一代蚊帳，內含多種殺蟲劑，這幾乎對所有蚊子都有效，包括那些已經對殺蟲劑產生抗藥性的蚊子。想要在非洲消滅瘧疾還需要做更多的工作，在蚊帳和其它工具方面的持續創新將確保世界在抗擊這一致命疾病方面繼續取得進展。
Villagers return home after receiving new mosquito nets. Ensuring communities have universal coverage of nets and follow up to ensure appropriate use is critical to achieving malaria control and elimination. Some mosquitoes are now developing resistance to the pyrethroid insecticides used in bed nets—so researchers are working on next generation nets that use combinations of insecticides and appear effective against all mosquitoes, including insecticide-resistant ones. Much more work needs to be done to eliminate malaria in Africa, but continued innovation in bed nets and other tools will ensure that the world will continue to make progress against this deadly disease.
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