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讀外媒:世上僅存雄性北方白犀牛被實施安樂死

背景知識

世界上最後一頭雄性北方白犀牛2018年3月19日在肯亞去世,終年45歲。目前該物種僅剩2頭雌性,瀕臨滅絕。

據美國有線電視新聞網(CNN)報道,這頭45歲的雄性北方白犀牛名為「蘇丹」,近日來健康狀況堪憂,一直在因衰老和多種感染而接受治療。世界野生動物救援協會(WildAid)周二(20日)宣布,在「蘇丹」的狀況顯著惡化之後,獸醫團隊決定對其執行安樂死。

據報道,「蘇丹」生活在肯亞的佩傑塔自然保護區,最近一直由武裝警衛進行保護。佩傑塔自然保護區一名代表桑佩雷(Elodie Sampere)表示,「他是一頭溫柔的巨獸,個性非常好。由於他的體型巨大,很多人感到害怕,但他並不在意。」

桑佩雷表示,研究者已設法保存了「蘇丹」的部分遺傳物質,希望對餘下兩隻雌性之一成功實現人工授精。世界野生動物救援協會CEO奈彼德(Peter Knights)表示,「我們只希望,世界能從失去『蘇丹』的不幸中得到教訓,採取一切措施停止犀牛角的所有貿易。儘管犀牛角的價格在下降,但針對犀牛角的偷獵行為仍然威脅著所有犀牛物種的生存。」

據悉,白犀牛是全球最珍稀的瀕危動物之一,分為南方白犀牛和北方白犀牛兩個亞種。在此之前,北方白犀牛僅剩3頭生活在肯亞自然保護區內。北方白犀牛野生種群的平均壽命為40歲。年老的「蘇丹」精子質量並不好,已基本喪失繁殖能力。如果蘇丹最後無法繁衍子嗣,那麼北方白犀牛這一物種,將永遠從我們的世界中消失。

「蘇丹」出生在南蘇丹,1歲時被抓之後被運到了捷克的Dvur Kralove動物園。2009年,蘇丹和另外1頭雄性北方白犀蘇尼、2頭雌性北方白犀Najin和Fatu從捷克動物園搬到了肯亞的奧爾佩傑塔自然保護區中,開始了「最後生存機會」繁殖計劃。不幸的是,雄性北方白犀牛蘇尼於2016年10月死去,繁衍後代的任務只能靠蘇丹。

白犀牛數量的銳減主要是因為偷獵猖獗和自然棲息地喪失。根據世界野生生物基金會的資料,1960年代,世界上有超過2000頭的北方白犀牛,但是大量的偷獵行為讓他們成為了瀕危物種。犀牛角的價錢比遠東可卡因的賣價還高,於是,偷獵者在金錢的誘惑下頻繁向犀牛下手。1990年代,犀牛角每公斤的售價約合人民幣1700至5400元,而現今的價格已經飛漲至每公斤40萬至47萬人民幣。為了防止年邁的「蘇丹」被獵殺,頭上那本可以長到1米多長的兩隻犀牛角已被割去,保護區的40名持槍守衛和18名飼養員不分晝夜輪流看護。

正文閱讀

With the weight of between three and five tons, the white rhinoceros checks in as the planet"s second largest land mammal.

AZUZ: And the sub species of the white rhino known as the northern white rhino is now just two animals away from complete extinction and both of the living ones are females. The last male who was named Sudan lived on a conservancy in the African nation of Kenya. He was 45 years old, which is elderly for a rhinoceros and he had a lot of health issues related to his age. So, a conservation group announced yesterday that Sudan had been put to sleep.

As Sudan lived out his last years, he was protected 24 hours a day by armed guards. Just as conservationists prized Sudan for being the last male northern white rhino, poachers, people who illegally kill animals, prized rhinos for their horns because especially in Asia, they"re believed to cure different problems in humans.

Researchers have saved some of Sudan"s DNA and they"re hoping to use it to keep the sub species alive. If they"re unsuccessful, they say the two remaining female northern white rhinos will probably die over the next decade, making these unique animals extinct.

ARAI SEVENZO, CNN CORRESPONDENT: He just couldn"t carry his weight anymore. I mean, these beasts you see behind me, one of them is his daughter, Fatu, his granddaughter, I beg your pardon, and his daughter, Najin, are over there. They"re the two only northern white rhinos, which is distinct from the southern white rhinos because they have shorter legs, heavier ears.

But basically, Sudan was the last male rhino. And because of crippling old age, he could no longer carry himself. And we"ve spoken to the vets here and the feeling, while you"re asking, is one of sadness, as if they really lost someone they knew for a long time and they did know him for a long time.

Born in 1973, many of his relatives were massacred and killed mainly for their horns in poaching, in this part of the world. And at the moment, they"re trying, the scientists and the conservationists, to find some way of conserving Sudan"s lineage by an incredible, fascinating system of harvesting the eggs of the last two females here. This is absolutely sort of cutting edge of science and conservancy.

So, all is not lost, but, of course, the blame has to go to us, as people and mankind. Remember, rhinos have been on this earth for 55 million years and it took out two centuries to wipe out a complete sub species of the northern white rhinos.

參考譯文

白犀牛的體重在3噸至5噸之間,是地球上第二大陸地哺乳動物。

阿祖茲:北方白犀牛是白犀牛的亞種,現在世界上僅剩兩頭北方白犀牛,而且這兩隻都是雌性。地球上最後一頭雄性北方白犀牛「蘇丹」生活在非洲國家肯亞的一處自然保護區。它已經45歲,屬於白犀牛的老年階段,它有很多因年老而產生的健康問題。因此,一個保護組織昨天宣布,「蘇丹」被實施安樂死。

在「蘇丹」生命的最後幾年,它由持槍護衛24小時保護。自然環境保護主義者因「蘇丹」是世上最後一頭雄性北方白犀牛而珍視它,同樣,那些非法捕殺動物的偷獵者因犀牛角而對犀牛虎視眈眈,因為尤其是在亞洲,犀牛角被認為能治癒人類的各種疾病。

研究人員保留了「蘇丹」的部分DNA,他們希望用這些DNA使這一亞種存活下去。研究人員表示,如果沒有成功,那兩頭現存雌性北方白犀牛可能在未來10年死亡,屆時這一獨特的物種就將滅絕。

CNN記者法萊·塞文佐:它已經承受不住自己的體重。大家看到的我身後的這些大型動物,其中一隻是它的女兒法圖,抱歉我說錯了,法圖是它的孫女,那邊那只是它的女兒納金。它們是目前現存的最後兩隻雌性北方白犀牛,相比南方白犀牛,北方白犀牛的腿更短,耳朵更蓬鬆。

但基本上來說,蘇丹是全球僅存的一隻雄性北方白犀牛。由於年邁,它已經承受不住自己的體重。我們採訪了這裡的獸醫,他們聽到我們的問題時感到非常悲傷,就像失去了他們認識了很長時間的人一樣,而的確,他們認識蘇丹很長時間了。

蘇丹1973年出生,它的多數親屬都被偷獵者殘殺了,因為他們想要犀牛角。現在,科學家和自然環境保護主義者正在努力尋找方法延續蘇丹的種族,他們的做法是通過一個不可思議且神奇的系統,提取最後兩隻雌性北方白犀牛的卵子。這對科學界和自然保護界來說都是個挑戰。

現在並沒有失去一切,但是,這個責任當然要由我們人類來承擔。要記住,犀牛已經在地球上生活了5500萬年,而我們人類只用了200年就滅絕了北方白犀牛這個亞種。

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