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羅斯科的紅與黑

Mark Rothko,

Red on Maroon,1958, 266*457 cm, Tate Modern

前兩天和朋友去看了獲得了2010年的托尼獎最佳戲劇的話劇《紅色》。

戲劇講述了1958/9年著名的抽象表現主義代表藝術家馬克·羅斯科受邀為新建的西格拉姆大廈中的四季酒店繪製壁畫,在這準備期間他與他的助手肯恩展開了一系列的蘇格拉底式對話,探討了藝術的定義,藝術與商業娛樂之間的關係,以及抽象表現主義藝術家在追求新興波普藝術的金錢社會中的困境與抉擇。

《紅色》的音樂,燈光,舞檯布局等等都很好,但最突出的在於台詞。全劇基本上通過一個半小時不間斷的對話再現了羅斯科這位抽象表現主義大師的性格,情感以及思想。

今天這篇文章就是選取了《紅色》台詞的一些片段,希望大家可以通過這些隻言片語一窺羅斯科的藝術信仰。

(上一篇文章寫了羅斯科同一時期的抽象表現主義藝術家傑克遜·波洛克,對抽象表現主義不熟悉的朋友們建議先回顧一下)

Mark Rothko,

Black on Maroon, 1958, 266*381 cm, Tate Modern

由於沒有找到中文版的劇本,以下台詞我只好自己盡量翻譯成中文但是可以閱讀英文的朋友請務必讀英文,不要被我拙劣的翻譯技術影響

ROTHKO.What do you see?(Ken is about to respond—)Wait. Stand closer. You』ve got to get close. Let it pulsate. let it work on you. Closer. Too close. There. Let it spread out. Let it wrap its arms around you; let itembraceyou, filling even your peripheral vision so nothing else exists or has ever existed or will ever exist. Let the picture do its work— but work with it. Meet it halfway for God』s sake! Lean forward, lean into it. engage with it! … Now, what do you see? — Wait, wait, wait!(He hurries and lowers the lighting a bit, then returns to Ken.)so, now, what do you see? — Be specific. No, be exact. Be exact — but sensitive. You understand? Be kind. Be a human being, that』s all I can say. Be ahuman beingfor once in your life! These pictures deserve compassion and they live or die in the eye of the sensitive viewer, they quicken only if the empathetic viewer will let them. That is what they cry out for. That is why they were created. That is what they deserve . . . Now . . What do you see?

羅斯科:你看到了什麼?(肯恩正要回答--)等等,站近點。你得站得很近,讓它的血液跳動,讓它對你起作用。再近點兒。太近了。對,那兒。讓它展開,讓它伸開胳膊環繞你,讓它擁抱你,填補你全部的餘光直到你看不到任何其他東西的存在,它們沒有存在過,未來也不會存在。讓圖像完成這份工作,但同時你也要努力讓它完成。看在上帝的份兒上讓它們在中間相遇!往前探點兒,探到畫里去!...現在,你又看到了什麼?-- 等等,等等,等等!(他快速走到燈邊將光調暗了些,然後走回肯恩身旁)好了,現在,你看到了什麼?-- 要具體。不,要精確,但是敏感。你明白嗎?要善良。我只能說,要像個人類。這輩子就這麼一次,像個人一樣!這些繪畫值得一些同情憐憫,它們在感性觀眾的眼中活著或死去,只有在能感同身受的觀眾允許下它們才能生存。這是它們的迫切需求。這是它們被創造的初衷。它們值得被這樣對待....現在....你看到了什麼?

這段羅斯科的台詞是全劇的開場白。助手肯恩第一次走進羅斯科的畫室時,羅斯科就和他說了這麼一段話,完美得展現了他對於繪畫的激情以及嚴格要求。也某種程度上解釋了觀看羅斯科繪畫的方法。他嚴格控制觀眾應當欣賞這些巨幅壁畫的距離和燈光,以求達到最佳效果。他也堅信,只有在這些條件下,觀眾才能真正沉浸其中並和他的繪畫產生溝通。

Mark Rothko @ Tate Modern

羅斯科談藝術與繪畫

ROTHKO.You have a lot to learn, young man. Philosophy. Theology. Literature. Poetry. Drama. History. Archaeology. Anthropology. Mythology. Music. These are your tools as much as brush and pigment. You cannot be an artist until you are civilized. You cannot be civilized until you learn. To be civilized is to know where you belong in the continuum of your art and your world. To surmount the past, you must know the past.

羅斯科:年輕人,你有許多要學的。哲學,神學,文學,詩歌,戲劇,歷史,考古學,人類學,神話,音樂。它們和刷子顏料一樣是你的工具。直到你成為一個文明的人之前你無法成為一個藝術家。直到你開始學習之前你無法成為一個文明的人。成為一個文明的人意味著你知道在你的藝術和你的世界裡你自己屬於哪裡。想要超越歷史,你要先知道歷史。

ROTHKO.Most of painting is thinking. Didn』t they teach you that? … Ten percent is putting paint onto the canvas. The rest is waiting.(Rothko takes in his paintings.)All my life I wanted just this, my friend: to create aplace… A place where the viewer could live in contemplation with the work and give it some of the same attention and care I gave it. Like a chapel … A place of communion.

KEN.But... it』s a restaurant.

ROTHKO.No... I will make it a temple.

羅斯科:大多數的繪畫是思考。他們沒教你這個嗎?...百分之十是將顏料放到帆布上。剩下的就是等。我全部的一生只想要這個,我的朋友:去創造一個空間,一個觀眾可以與畫共同沉思並和我一樣對它們給予關注與關愛的空間。像一個禮拜堂...一個交流的空間。

肯恩:但是...那是個餐廳。(這裡指這些畫是為了四季酒店所繪製)

羅斯科:不...我要把它變成一座神殿。

ROTHKO.They want things to bebeautiful— Jesus Christ, when someone tells me one of my pictures is 「beautiful」 I want to vomit! ... I AM HERE TO STOP YOUR HEART, YOU UNDERSTAND THAT?! ... — I AM HERE TO MAKE YOU THINK! ... I AM NOT HERE TO MAKE PRETTY PICTURES!

羅斯科:他們想要一切美麗-- 上帝啊 -- 當別人告訴我我的一幅畫很美的時候我真想吐!...我是想讓你的心臟停止跳動你明白嗎?!...我是想讓你思考!...我不是來畫漂亮的畫的!

羅斯科談他作品中的紅與黑:

ROTHKO.Black.

KEN.The color black?

ROTHKO.The thing black. There is only one thing I fear in life, my friend ... One day the black will swallow the red.

羅斯科:黑。

肯恩:黑色?

羅斯科:黑這個東西。我的一生中只有一個事物使我恐懼,我的朋友...有一天黑將吞噬紅。

ROTHKO....We seek to capture the ephemeral, the miraculous, and put it onto canvas, stopping time but, like an entomologist pinning a butterfly, it dies when we try ... We』re foolish that way, we human beings ... We try to make the red black.

羅斯科:...我們試圖抓住轉瞬即逝,不可思議的事物,然後將他們放到帆布上,讓時間試圖停止。但是就像昆蟲學家做的蝴蝶標本,當我們試圖去那麼做的時候它們就死了...我們人類,在這個方面很愚蠢...我們讓紅色變黑。

ROTHKO.Yes, I equate the color black with the diminution of the life force.

ROTHKO.Because black is the opposite of red. Not on the spectrum, but in reality.

羅斯科:是的,我將黑色對等於生命力量的流逝。

羅斯科:因為黑色是紅色的對立。不是在光譜上,是在現實里。

《紅色》劇照

羅斯科談波洛克之死,堅信他的車禍是一場自殺:

ROTHKO.His suicide.

KEN.He didn』t commit suicide.

ROTHKO.Didn』t he?

KEN.Jackson Pollock died in a car accident.

ROTHKO.A man spends years getting drunk, day after day. Then he gets into an Oldsmobile convertible and races around these little country roads like a lunatic. You tell me what that is if not a lazy suicide ...Let me tell you one thing about your hero, that man really confronted his tragedy. ... He no longer believed there were any real human beings out there to look at pictures. Here』s a schmuck from Wyoming who can paint. Suddenly he』s a commodity. He』s 「Jackson Pollock.」 Lemme tell you, kid, that Oldsmobile convertible really did kill him. Not because it crashed, because it existed. Why the fuck did Jackson Pollock have an Oldsmobile convertible?

羅斯科:他的自殺。

肯恩:他沒有自殺。

羅斯科:他沒有嗎?

肯恩:傑克遜·波洛克是車禍去世的。

羅斯科:一個日復一日多年酗酒的人,開著他的奧爾茲莫比爾敞篷車在鄉間小路上像個瘋子似的飆車,你告訴我如果這不是一場懶惰的自殺這又是什麼呢?讓我告訴你一件關於你的英雄的事,他真的直面了他的悲劇...他已經不再相信還有人類真正看他的畫了。這個來自懷俄明的笨拙的會畫畫的人,突然變成了一件商品。他是 「傑克遜·波洛克」。讓我告訴你,孩子,那輛奧爾茲莫比爾敞篷車真的殺了他。但不是因為它的撞擊,而是因為它的存在。為什麼傑克遜波洛克要tmd擁有一輛奧爾茲莫比爾敞篷車?

波洛克之死的話題又引申到了談藝術與商品,金錢:

ROTHKO.I was walking up to my house last week and this couple was passing. Lady looks in the window, says: 「I wonder who owns all the Rothkos.」 ... Just like that I』m a noun. A Rothko... Those paintings doomed to become decoration...They say to you, 「I need something to work with the sofa, you understand. Or something bright and cheery for the breakfast nook, which is orange, do you have anything in orange? Or burnt umber? Or sea-foam green? And could you cut it down to fit the sideboard?」 ... Or even worse, 「Darling, I simply must have one because my neighbor has one, that social-climbing bitch, in fact if she has one, I need three!」 ... Or even worse, 「I must have one because the New York Times tells me I should have one — or someone told me the New York Times tells me I should have one because who has time to read anymore.」 ... 「Oh, don』t make me look at it! I never look at it! It』s so depressing!」 ... 「All those fuzzy rectangles, my kid could do that in kindergarten, it』s nothing but a scam, this guy』s a fraud」 ... Still, they buy it ... It』s an investment ... It』s screwing the neighbors ... It』s buying class ... It』s buying taste ... It goes with the lamp ... It』s cheaper than a Pollock ... It』s interior decoration ... It』s anything but what it is.

羅斯科:上禮拜我往家走的路上路過了這對夫妻,那位太太看著窗戶里說 「我真好奇是誰擁有這麼多羅斯科?」...好像我是個名詞似的。一幅羅斯科...這些畫被宣判成了裝飾品...他們對你說 「你知道,我需要些和這個沙發配的東西。或者放在早餐角那兒的一些明亮的愉快的東西,橙色的那種,你有沒有什麼橙色的東西?或者棕土色?或者水綠色?能不能把它們裁成適合餐邊櫃的形狀?」...或者更糟糕 「親愛的,我真的一定得擁有一幅因為我那個為了結交權貴向上爬的鄰居都擁有一幅。事實上,她有一幅,我得要三幅!」...或者更糟糕 「我一定得擁有一幅因為紐約時報告訴我我得有一幅 -- 或者別人告訴我紐約時報這麼說了,畢竟誰還有時間去閱讀呢。」...「別讓我看著那畫,那太壓抑了!」...「那些毛茸茸的長方形,我孩子在幼兒園就可以畫了,這不過是一場騙局,這個人就是個騙子。」...但是他們還是買了...這是一場投資,是與鄰居的較勁,是買了階級,是買了品味,是與檯燈的搭配,是比波洛克便宜,是室內裝潢...是除了它本身意義的一切。

《紅色》劇照

談到波普藝術的興起:

ROTHKO.You know the problem with those painters? It』sexactlywhat you said: They are painting for this moment right now. And that』s all. It』s nothing but zeitgeist art. Completely temporal, completely disposable, like Kleenex, like —

KEN.Like Campbell』s soup, like comic books —

ROTHKO.You really think Andy Warhol will be hanging in museums in a hundred years? Alongside the Bruegels and the Vermeers?

KEN.He』s hanging alongside Rothko now.

ROTHKO.Because those goddamn galleries will do anything for money — cater to any wicked taste. That』sbusiness, young man, not art!

羅斯科: 你知道這些畫家都有什麼問題嗎?正如你所說的:他們的畫只是為了現在這一刻。但也僅此而已了。這不過是當下藝術罷了。是完全短暫的,完全一次性的,像餐巾紙一樣,像---

肯恩: 像金寶湯罐頭,像漫畫書 ---

羅斯科:你真的覺得安迪沃霍爾一百年後會被掛在博物館裡嗎?掛在布魯蓋爾和維米爾旁邊?

肯恩:他現在就掛在羅斯科旁邊呢。

羅斯科:因為那些見鬼的畫廊為了錢什麼都會做 -- 迎合所有糟糕的品味。那是生意,年輕人,不是藝術!

安迪沃霍爾,《金寶湯罐頭》,1962,紐約現代藝術博物館

最後一幕,在這一組壁畫快要完成時羅斯科親自去了一趟四季酒店:

ROTHKO.The voices ... It』s the chatter of monkeys and the barking of jackals. It』s not human ... And everyone』s clever and everyone』s laughing and no one looks at anything and no one thinks about anything and all they do is chatter and bark and eat and the knives and forks click and clack and the words cut and the teeth snap and snarl. And in that place — there — will live my paintings for all time. I wonder ... Do you think they』ll ever forgive me?

羅斯科:那些聲音...像是猴子吱吱叫和犬吠...不是人類...每個人都聰明,都在笑,沒有人在看也沒有人在想。他們只是在吱吱喳喳,吃東西,觥籌交錯。在那個地方--那裡--我的畫將一直在那兒。我在想...他們還會不會原諒我?

從四季酒店回來後,羅斯科取消了這次交易,將這筆委託金全部歸還。

《紅色》在這短短一個半小時內,通過大段大段的對白,將羅斯科內心的矛盾與掙扎完美展現了出來。生在那個戰後的資本主義時代,他哀嘆那些人文主義的隕落,鄙視流行文化和商品經濟,但又深知這也許才是歷史發展的必然。正如他自己所說,他畫紅色,但恐懼黑色終有一日吞噬紅色。他的生命和藝術無時無刻不在掙扎。六十年代流行文化席捲藝術市場之後,羅斯科唯一能做的也許是盡他所能保護他的作品,勉強維護那個屬於他的黃金時代。

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