迷你雪納瑞 FCI國際純種犬標準

註：該標準中文版翻譯自FCI國際純種犬標準英文版，已發佈於CKU官網-犬種百科

18.04.2007 /EN

FCI-國際純種犬標準第 183 號

MINIATURE SCHNAUZER

(Zwergschnauzer)

迷你雪納瑞犬

本圖片不一定代表該犬種的理想例子

ORIGIN:Germany.

起源：德國

Date of acceptance on a definitive basis by the FCI: 7/13/1955

FCI正式認可日期：1955年7月13日

DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE OFFICIAL VALID STANDARD:06.03.2007.

正式生效標準發布日期：2007年3月6日

UTILIZATION:House and Companion Dog

用途：家庭犬和伴侶犬。

FCI-CLASSIFICATION:

Group 2 Pinscher and Schnauzer-Molossoid breeds - SwissMountain and Cattle Dogs.

Section 1 Pinscher and Schnauzer type.

Without working trial.

FCI分組：

第2組：賓莎犬和雪納瑞、獒犬、瑞士山地犬和瑞士牧牛犬及其它犬種；

第1 類 賓莎犬和雪納瑞犬

無需工作犬測試。

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY:

Around the turn of the century a dwarf Schnauzer from the Frankfurt/Main area went on his way, then still described as a rough haired Zwergpinscher (Miniature Pinscher). Due to the different shapes, sizes and types and the muddle of harsh, soft and silky coat textures, it was no easy task to evolve a small dog with the appearance and the characteristic qualities of his bigger brother, the Schnauzer.

歷史梗概：

大約在19、20 世紀交接之際，在法蘭克福地區出現的一種矮小雪納瑞犬一直在不斷發展，那時候他仍被描述為一種粗毛迷你賓莎犬。由於形狀、大小和類型不同，並且其被毛兼具粗糙、柔軟、絲滑的特質，因此能使這種小型犬逐漸具備與其較大型的兄弟-標準雪納瑞一樣的外表和特質並不容易。

GENERAL APPEARANCE:

Small, strong, stocky rather than slim, rough coated, elegant. A reduced image of the Schnauzer without the drawback of a dwarfed appearance.

整體外貌：

體形小，有力，健壯而不瘦小，被毛粗糙，舉止優雅。標準雪納瑞的縮小版，但沒有侏儒之感。

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS:

Square build in which the height at the withers is nearly equal to the body length.

The length of the head (measured from the tip of the nose to the occiput) corresponds to half the length of the topline (measured from the withers to the set on of the tail).

重要比例：

方形，肩高几乎與身長相等

頭長（從鼻尖到枕骨的長度）是背線長度（從肩胛骨到尾根部的長度）的一半。

BEHAVIOUR/TEMPERAMENT:

His nature is similar to that of the Schnauzer and is determined by the temperament and the behaviour of a small dog. Intelligence, fearlessness, endurance and alertness make the Miniature Schnauzer an agreeable house dog as well as a watch and companion dog which can be kept even in a small apartment without problems.

行為/秉性：

其本性與標準雪納瑞相似，並由小型犬的行為性情決定。聰明，無畏，耐力強，警惕性高，這些特質使迷你型雪納瑞成為一種令人愉快的家庭犬，看護犬和伴侶犬，即使將其飼養在小公寓中也沒有問題。

HEAD:頭部

CRANIAL REGION:顱部區域

Skull:Strong, long without markedly protruding occiput. The head should be in keeping with the dog』s force. The forehead is flat, without wrinkles and parallel to the bridge of nose.

頭骨：強壯，長，沒有明顯突出的後枕骨。頭部應與犬的力量相配。前額平坦，沒有褶皺，與鼻樑平行。

Stop:Appears well defined due to the brows

額段：由於額頭的原因，額段淺且平。

FACIAL REGION:面部區域

Nose:Well developed nose leather, always black.

鼻：鼻子的皮膚髮育良好，總是為黑色。

Muzzle:Ending in a blunt wedge. Bridge of nose straight.

口吻：末端呈鈍楔形，鼻樑直。

Lips：Black, smooth and tight-fitting to the jaws. Corners of lips closed.

唇：黑色，平滑，並緊連上下頜，嘴角閉合。

Jaws/Teeth:Strong upper and lower jaw. The complete scissor bite (42 pure white teeth according to the dentition formula), is strongly developed and firmly closing. The chewing muscles are strongly developed but the cheeks must not interfere with the rectangular shape of the head (with the beard).

頜/齒：上下頜強健，完全剪狀咬合（按齒系慣例有42 顆純白牙齒），發育良好，緊閉。咀嚼肌發達，但面頰不能改變頭部（帶鬍鬚）的形狀-矩形。

Eyes:Medium sized, oval, facing forward, dark with lively expression. Eyelids close fitting.

眼睛：中等大小，橢圓，朝前，深色，表情生動。眼瞼緊密貼合。

Ears:Drop ears, set high, V-shaped with inner edges lying close to the cheeks, evenly carried , turned forward towards temples. Folds parallel, should not be above the top of the skull.

耳朵：垂耳，位置高，呈V 字形，耳朵內側緊貼面頰，對稱，向前折向太陽穴。平行摺疊，不應高於頭骨頂端。

NECK:

The strong, muscular neck is nobly arched, blending smoothly into the withers. Strongly set on, slim, nobly curved, corresponding to the dog』s force. Throat skin tight-fitting without folds.

頸部：結實、肌肉發達，呈優美的弧線，與肩胛骨連接平滑順暢。強壯，苗條，弧線優美，與其力量協調。喉部皮膚乾燥無褶皺。

BODY:軀幹

Topline: Slightly sloping from withers towards rear.

背線：從肩胛骨向後稍微傾斜。

Withers: Forming the highest point in topline.

肩胛骨：在背線上形成最高點。

Back:Strong, short and taut.

背：強壯，短而不鬆弛。

Loin:Short, strong and deep. The distance from the last rib to the hip is short to make the dog appear compact.

腰：強壯，短而深。最後一根肋骨到臀部的距離較短，使身體看起來較緊湊。

Croup: Slightly rounded and imperceptibly blending into tail set on.

臀：略圓，與尾根部融為一體。

Chest:Moderately broad, oval in diameter, reaching to the elbows.The fore chest is distinctly marked by the point of the sternum.

胸：寬度適中，直徑橢圓，延伸至肘部。

前胸的胸骨尖端非常明顯。

Underline and belly: Flanks not too tucked up, forming a well curved line with the underside of the ribcage.

下線/腹部：側腹略向上收，與胸腔的下側形成優美的曲線。

TAIL:Natural; a sabre or sickle carriage is sought after.

尾：自然；馬刀或鐮刀狀姿態較好。

LIMBS:四肢

FOREQUARTERS:前軀

General appearance:

Seen from the front, the front legs are strong, straight and not close together. Seen from the side, the forearms are straight.

前肢整體：從前面看，前腿強壯，筆直，兩腿之間有距離。從側面看，前臂筆直。

Shoulders:The shoulder blade lies close against the rib cage and is well muscled on both sides of the shoulder bone, protruding over the points of the thoracic vertebrae. As sloping as possible and well laid back, forming an angle of appr. 50° to the horizontal.

肩：肩胛緊靠胸腔，肩胛骨兩側的肌肉發達，突出超過胸椎骨前端。盡量向後傾斜，和水平線形成約50°的夾角。

Upper arm: Lying close to the body, strong and well-muscled, forming an angle of 95° to 105° to the shoulder blade.

上臂：緊連身體，強壯、肌肉發達，與肩胛成95°~ 105°的夾角。

Elbows: Close fitting, turning neither in nor out.

肘：緊貼身體，既不內彎也不外翻。

Forearm: Viewed from all sides, completely straight, strongly developed and well-muscled.

前臂：從各個面看都是完全筆直的，強壯且肌肉發達。

Carpal joint: Strong, firm, barely standing out against the structure of the forearm.

腕骨關節：強壯，結實，與前臂相連。

Pastern: Seen from the front, vertical. Seen from the side slightly sloping towards the ground, strong and slightly springy.

系骨：從前面看垂直。從側面看，略微朝地面傾斜，強壯且稍有彈性。

Forefeet: Short and round. Toes well-knit and arched (cat foot) with short dark nails and resistant pads.

前足：短而圓。足趾接合緊密並拱起（貓足），趾甲短且顏色深，有抗磨的足墊。

LIMBS:四肢

HINDQUARTERS: 後軀

General appearance:Standing obliquely when seen from the side, standing parallel but not close together when seen from the rear.

整體外觀：從側面看傾斜站立，從後面看站立時兩腿平行但不緊靠在一起。

Upper thigh: Moderately long, broad and strongly muscled.

大腿：長度適中，寬且肌肉發達。

Stifle: Turning neither in nor out.

膝關節：既不內翻、也不外翻。

Lower thigh: Long, strong and sinewy, running into a strong hock.

小腿：長而強壯、有力，和強壯的跖部相連。

Hock: Very well angulated, strong, firm, turning neither in nor out.

跖部：角度良好，強壯，結實，既不內翻、也不外翻。

Metatarsus: Short, vertical to the ground.

跖骨：短，與地面垂直。

Hind feet: Toes short, arched and well-knit. Nails short and black.

後足：足趾短，圓拱，緊湊。趾甲短，為黑色。

GAIT/MOVEMENT:

Flexible, elegant, agile, free and ground covering. The forelegs swinging as far forward as possible, the hind legs, ground covering and springy, provide the necessary drive. The front leg of one side and the hind leg of the other side move forward at the same time. The back, the ligaments and the joints are firm.

步態/動態：

靈活，優雅，輕快，自如，步幅大。前腿應儘可能向前擺動，後腿登地有彈性，提供所需的驅動力。一側的前腿和另一側的後腿同時向前邁動。背部、韌帶和關節結實穩固。

SKIN: Tight fitting over the whole body.

皮膚：緊覆於整個身體上。

COAT:被毛

Hair:The coat should be wiry, harsh and dense. It consists of a dense undercoat and a not too short top coat, lying close to the body. The top coat is rough and sufficiently long to allow the checking of its texture; it is neither bristly nor wavy. The hair on the limbs tends to be less harsh. Coat short on forehead and ears. Typical characteristics are the not too soft beard on the muzzle and the bushy eyebrows which slightly shade the eyes.

毛質：

被毛應為剛毛、堅硬、濃密。毛髮由濃密的底毛和不是很短的外毛組成。外毛粗糙，足夠長，緊貼身體。可檢查其質地，底毛既不短而硬也不捲曲；四肢的毛稍軟。前額和耳朵的被毛短。典型特徵：口吻部的鬍鬚不過軟，濃密的眉毛稍微遮住眼睛。

Colour:

Pure black with black undercoat.

Pepper and Salt.

Black/Silver.

Pure white with white undercoat.

When breeding Pepper and Salt, the aim is a medium shading with evenly distributed, well pigmented, pepper coloring and grey undercoat. The shades from dark iron grey to silver grey are all permitted. In all color variations there must be a dark mask, which should adapt harmoniously to the respective color. Distinct light markings on head, chest and limbs are undesirable.

For the Black/Silver color, the aim in breeding is a black top coat with black undercoat, white markings over the eyes, on the cheeks, at the beard, at the throat, in two divided triangles at the front of the chest, on the front pasterns, on the feet, on the inside of the hind legs and around the anus. The forehead, the neck and the outer sides of the ears should be black like the top coat.

毛色:

純黑帶黑色底毛

椒鹽色

黑/銀色

純白帶白色底毛

繁殖椒鹽色的迷你雪納瑞時，理想的顏色是：被毛中等灰色均勻的遍布全身，色素沉澱好。胡椒著色，底毛為灰色。允許的顏色：從深鐵灰色到銀灰色等不同深淺的"胡椒色"。不管為何種椒鹽色，面部都應該為深色，以強調錶情，並與身體顏色協調。頭部、胸部、四肢有明顯的淺色斑紋屬於失格。

繁殖黑/銀色的迷你雪納瑞時，理想的顏色是：頂層毛為黑色，底毛黑色，眼睛上部、面頰、鬍鬚、喉部，前胸的兩個單獨的三角形、前系部、足部、後腿內側和肛門周圍有白斑。前額，頸部和耳朵外側應該是和頂層毛一樣的黑色。

SIZE:尺寸

Height at withers

Dogs and bitches between 30 and 35 cm.

肩高：公犬和母犬： 30~35 厘米

Weight:

Dogs and bitches approximately 4 to 8 kg.

體重：公犬和母犬大約： 4~8 千克

FAULTS:缺陷

Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog.

Heavy or round skull.

Wrinkles on forehead.

Short, pointed or narrow muzzle.

Pincer bite.

Strongly protruding cheeks or cheekbones.

Light, too large or round eyes.

Low set, too long or unevenly carried ears.

Throatiness.

Dewlap, narrow crest or neck.

Too long, tucked up or soft back.

Roach back.

Croup falling away.

Tail set inclined towards head.

Long feet.

Pacing movement.

Too short, too long, soft, wavy, shaggy, silky coat.

Brown undercoat.

A black trace on the back or a black saddle.

In Black/Silver not clearly separated triangles on the chest.

Over- or undersize up to 1 cm.

任何與上述各點相背離的均視為缺陷，其缺陷的嚴重性嚴格地與其缺陷的程度和對犬只健康和福利帶來的影響成正比。

頭骨過重或圓。

前額有褶皺。

口吻短，尖或狹窄。

鉗狀咬合

十分突出的面頰或面頰骨

眼睛顏色淺，過大或圓

耳朵位置低，過長或不對稱。

有贅肉。

頸部有贅肉，頸脊狹窄

背部過長，凸起或過軟。

背成拱狀。

臀部傾斜。

尾根朝頭部傾斜。

長足。

踱步。

被毛過短，過長，過軟，波狀，雜亂，絲滑。

褐色底毛。

背上有黑色痕迹或後半背為黑色。

黑/銀色犬，胸部兩個單獨的三角不明顯。

大小上下偏差超過1 厘米。

SERIOUS FAULTS:嚴重缺陷

Clumsy or light build. Too low or too high on leg.

Inverse sexual type (e.g. doggy bitch).

Elbows turning out.

Straight or open hocked hind legs.

Lower thigh too long.

Hocks turning inwards.

Rear pastern too short.

White or spotted coat in black or pepper and salt dogs.

Patchy coat in the colors black/silver and white.

Over- or undersize by more than 1 cm but less than 2 cm.

體形笨重或過輕。腿太短或太長。

相反的性別特徵（如：母犬公相）。

肘外翻。

後肢跖部直或過開。

小腿過長。

跖部內彎

後系部過短

黑色或椒鹽色犬的被毛為白色或有斑點。

黑銀色和白色犬的被毛分布不均。

大小上下偏差超過1厘米但不到2厘米。

DISQUALIFYING FAULTS:失格缺陷

Aggressive or overly shy.

Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.

Malformation of any kind.

Lack of breed type.

Faulty mouth, such as over- or undershot or wry mouth.

Severe faults in individual parts, such as faults in construction, coat and colour.

Over- or undersize by more than 2 cm.

有攻擊性或過於羞怯。

任何身體和行為有明顯異常的犬都為失格。

任何形式的畸形。

缺少犬種特徵。

嘴部不合乎要求，如上頜突出，下頜突出或歪斜。

個別部分有嚴重缺陷，例如身體結構，被毛，毛色有嚴重缺陷。

大小上下偏差超過2厘米

N.B.：

Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fullydescended into the scrotum.

Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with breed typicalconformation, should be used for breeding.

注：

公犬具備兩個明顯正常且完全置於陰囊的睾丸

只有身體機能以及臨床表現健康的，具備典型犬種結構的犬只，才可用於繁殖。

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