《窮理查智慧書》讀書筆記
知足
窮人幾乎什麼都沒有，乞丐真的一無所有，富人總是應有盡有，但知足的沒有一人。
The poor have little, beggars none, the rich too much, enough not one.
貪心和幸福像兩條平行線，永遠不會相交。
Avarice and Happiness never saw each other, how then shou』d they become acquainted.
貪心越多，得到的便越少。
If you desire many things, many things will seem but a few.
心無煩心事，自得悠閑心。
They who have nothing to be troubled at, will be troubled at nothing.
誰最強大？能克服自己壞習慣的人。誰最富有？那些知足常樂的人。
Who is strong? He that can conquer his bad Habits. Who is rich? He that rejoices in his Portion.
知足把窮人變成富人，不知足把富人變成窮人。
Content makes poor men rich；Discontent makes rich Men poor.
不滿足的人難以找到舒坦的椅子。
The discontented Man finds no easy Chair.
交際
對別人好，其實是對你自己最好 （善待別人，終得善待）。
When you』re good to others, you are best to yourself.
不能容忍別人沒有教養的行為的人，就是沒有修養的人。
He is not well-bred, that cannot bear Ill-Breeding in others.
不三不四的朋友好比陰影一樣，只有在太陽照耀下才會出現。
A false Friend and a Shadow, attend only while the Sun shines.
尊重所有人，服務很多人，認識幾個人，和一個人成為摯友，不和任何人為敵。
Be civil to all; serviceable to many; familiar with few; Friend to one; Enemy to none.
與傻瓜生活，整天吃吃喝喝；和智者生活，時時勤於求索。
Life with Fools consists in Drinking; With the wise Man Living』s Thinking.
友之間做買賣，話要說清楚，事要記在心，這樣的朋友才是永遠的朋友。
When a Friend deals with a Friend Let the Bargain be clear and well penn』d, That they may continue Friends to the End.
愛你的鄰居，就別把籬笆拆掉。
Love your Neighbour; yet don』t pull down your Hedge.
和狗睡一塊，身上必定有虱子。
He that lies down with Dogs, shall rise up with fleas.
和流氓做生意，既不會有信譽，也不會有收益。
There is neither honour nor gain, got in dealing with a villain.
根據一個人的內在品質而不是根據他擁有的東西來看待一個人。
Don』t value a man for the Quality he is of, but for the Qualities he possesses.
三個好漢也能保存秘密，前提是其中兩個已經死了。
Three may keep a Secret, if two of them are dead.
寧願承受來自他人的傷害，也不要選擇主動去傷害他人。
It is better to take many Injuries than to give one.
不看他人信件，不偷他人錢財，不聽他人秘密。
Nor Eye in a letter, nor Hand in a purse, nor Ear in the secret of another.
禮物可以讓人們更快地接受我們。
Gifts burst rocks.
把你的不滿埋在心底，讓它成為你個人的秘密。
Let thy Discontents be Secrets.
他人助我，沒齒不忘；我助他人，不放心上。
When befriended, remember it;When you befriend, forget it.
永不奉承人，永不貶損人。
Neither praise nor dispraise, till seven Christmasses be over.
請把不滿埋在心底，過多的抱怨使自己心懷怨恨，也會讓不滿加倍。
Let thy discontents be thy Secrets; if the world knows them, 『twill despise thee and increase them.
我們需要寬容別人對我們的傷害；更需要避免別人對我們造成傷害。
Christianity commands us to pass by Injuries; Policy, to let them pass by us.
受了傷害後能寬恕別人，是高尚；不把傷害放在心上，是氣魄。這些都比受到傷害去報復別人強。
It is more noble to forgive, and more manly to despise, than to revenge an Injury.
什麼事情都煩不了他的人，沒有什麼會煩到他。
They who have nothing to trouble them, will be troubled at nothing.
提防那些慢慢生氣的人：他會為了某件事情而生氣，而不會平白無故就高興起來。
Beware of him that is slow to anger: He is angry for something,and will not be pleased for nothing.
先學會去愛人，才能被愛。
Love, and be lov』d.
讓所有人了解你，但不要讓人輕易把你看透：水淺被腳踏過，心淺遭人欺負。
Let all Men know thee, but no man know thee thoroughly: Men freely ford that see the shallows.
自己喝酒不與人分享，遇到難事無人相助。
He that drinks his Cyder alone, let him catch his Horse alone.
刻恩惠於磐石上，棄傷害於塵土中。
Write Injuries in Dust, Benefits in Marble.
明智的人不探秘，誠實的人不揭秘。
It is wise not to seek a Secret, and Honest not to reveal it.
慷慨不是給得多，而是給得巧。
Liberality is not giving much but giving wisely.
狐狸都會變老，但沒幾隻能變好。
Many foxes grow grey, but few grow good.
聰明人善於從敵人身上奪取優勢，傻瓜只知道向朋友索取。
The wise Man draws more Advantage from his Enemies, than the Fool from his Friends.
說話
舌頭快，麻煩多。
Tongue double, brings trouble.
愚蠢的人，先開口再去想；聰明的人，先想好再開口。
The heart of a fool is in his mouth, but the mouth of a wise man is in his heart.
勸說一個人時，要訴諸利益，而不是訴諸理性。
Would you persuade, speak of Interest, not of Reason.
如果想讓自己活得快活、寧靜，就不要隨意評價他人，也不要隨便說出他人的秘密。
He that would live in peace & at ease, Must not speak all he knows, nor judge all he sees.
如果有人奉承我，我也會奉承他，雖然他是我最好的朋友。（好話不怕多說幾次。）
If any man flatters me, I』ll flatter him again; tho』 he were my best Friend.
既不要聽信朋友講的關於別人的壞話，也不要講自己討厭的人的壞話。
Hear no ill of a Friend, nor speak any of an Enemy.
待人有禮、給人建議以及讚美別人，都不需要你花錢（卻可以使關係更融洽），要捨得這樣做。
Be not niggardly of what coststhee nothing, as courtesy, counsel, & countenance.
談論任何人，都不可以用輕蔑的口吻，無論他是國王，還是奴隸，因為小小的蜜蜂也有並且會使用那一根刺。
Speak with contempt of none, from slave to king, The meanest Bee hath, and will use, a sting.
語言刻薄難交友。一小勺蜜比一大瓶醋更能捉住蒼蠅。
Tart Words make no Friends: a spoonful of honey will catch more flies than Gallon of Vinegar.
哈里·斯邁特對什麼事情都要評論一番。（不要評頭論足）
Harry Smatter, has a Mouth for every Matter.
沉默並不總是聰明的象徵，但喋喋不休永遠是愚蠢的表現。
Silence is not always a Sign ofWisdom, but Babbling is ever a Mark of Folly.
一雙善於傾聽的耳朵，勝過一百張能說的嘴巴。
A Pair of good Ears will drain dry an hundred Tongues.
財富
拆東牆補西牆過日子的人永遠不能獨立生活。
Strange, that he who lives by Shifts, can seldom shift himself.
不熟悉的就不要去做。
Do not do that which you would not have known.
有耐心，就有一切。
He that can have Patience, can have what he will.
丟了1分錢，並不僅僅是丟了1分錢的問題，他還自動放棄了用這1分錢來賺錢的所有機會。如果抓住了這樣的機會，到年老時，你可能是腰纏萬貫的富翁了。
好好打理你的生意，別讓自己成為生意的奴隸。
Drive thy business; let not that drive thee.
錢少，是一個很重的懲罰。
A light purse is a heavy Curse.
假如財富是屬於你的，那為什麼你死的時候不把它隨身帶走？
If your Riches are yours, why don』t you take them with you to the t』other World?
在市場上要有耐心，這樣才不至於做虧本買賣。
Patience in Market, is worth Pounds in a Year.
有錢就賺，賺到就好，這是點石成金的訣竅。
Get what you can, and what you get, hold; It is the Stone that will turn all your Lead into Gold.
撒謊還只是第二惡習，第一惡習是負債。
The second Vice is Lying; The first is running in Debt．
規則一：眼前之事，自己決定，不要過分相信僕人和朋友，朋友之言也許頗為有理，但鮮有僕人對你真心實意。
PRECEPT I. In Things of moment, on thy self depend, Nor trust too far thy Servant or thy Friend: With private Views, thy Friend may promise fair, And Servants very seldom prove sincere.
規則二：當日事當日畢，工作要仔細。拖延耽誤常會出意外，遙遠的未來捉摸不定，財富雖美好抓住不易。
PRECEPT II. What can be done, with Care perform to Day, Dangers unthought-of will attend Delay; Your distant Prospects all precarious are, And Fortune is as fickle as she』s fair.
則三：小損小益，不可輕視。涓涓細流，匯聚成海，珍惜每分收穫，絕不任意揮霍，積沙成塔，終成大業。
PRECEPT III. Nor trivial Loss, nor trivial Gain despise; Molehills, if often heap』d, to Mountains rise: Weigh every small Expence, and nothing waste, Farthings long sav』d, amount to Pounds at last.
節儉
很多人敗家，是因為買了不值錢的東西。
Many have been ruin』d by buying good pennyworths.
如果你知道如何多賺少花，你就掌握了致富的秘訣。
If you know how to spend less than you get, you have the Philosophers-Stone.
計劃開支，不僅可以把控好自己的生活，還能在他人需要時提供幫助。
He that buys by the penny, maintains not only himself, but other people.
隨便買你不需要的東西，不久之後，你就得賣掉你需要的東西（胡亂買東西，錢包空得快）。
Buy what thou hast no need of;and e』er long thou shalt sell thy necessaries.
節約才能富有，揮霍導致乞求。
Spare and have is better than spend and crave.
要想發家致富，思考節省，要多於思考收入。因為擁有印度群島，也無法使西班牙富足，因為她支出等於收入。
If you』d be wealthy, think of saving, more than of getting: The Indies have not made Spain rich, because her Outgoes equal her Incomes.
注意小開銷，漏洞雖小，但能沉大船。
Beware of little Expences, a small Leak will sink a great Ship.
一分錢花得好，等於省一塊錢。
It is a well spent penny that saves a groat.
致富之道大多在於節儉。掙錢的本事有高有低，省錢卻人人都可做到。
The Art of getting Riches consists very much in THRIFT. All Men are not equally qualified for getting Money, but it is in the Power of every one alike to practise this Virtue.
美德
假如你既聰明又有學問，那就再添上智慧和謙遜吧。
If thou hast wit & learning, add to it Wisdom and Modesty.
品德高尚的人，比王子還快樂。
You may be more happy than Princes, if you will be more virtuous.
謙虛的背後藏著優秀的品德。
Great Modesty often hides great Merit.
孩子要學習的兩大優點是：擁有美德和精通一技之長。
Virtue and a Trade, are a Child』s best Portion.
誠實的人不接受來路不明的錢財，也不接受不該獲得的稱讚。
An honest Man will receive neither Money nor Praise, that is not his Due.
青年人總是活躍而冒失，老年人謙遜而不盲從。沒有成熟的玉米穗傲然挺立，但當它結穗、長實和成熟了的時候，它便低下了頭。
Youth is pert and positive, Age modest and doubting: So Ears of Corn when young and light, stand bolt upright, but hang their Heads when weighty, full, and ripe.
不要出賣美德以換取財富，也不要出賣自由以換取權力。
Sell not virtue to purchase wealth, nor Liberty to purchase power.
成功毀掉很多人。
Success has ruin』d many a Man.
好的翻譯使原文文采更好，謙恭使其他美德更加突出。
A Cypher and Humility make the other Figures & Virtues of ten-fold Value.
要挫敗敵人嗎？先得自己剛直不阿。
Wouldst thou confound thine Enemy, be good thy self.
付出你擁有的，你才知道自己到底擁有什麼。
Pay what you owe, and whatyou』re worth you』ll know.
讓惡習在你去世之前消失。
Let thy vices die before thee.
讀書使人充實，沉思使人深刻，交流使人聰慧。
Reading makes a full Man, Meditation a profound Man, discourse a clear Man.
想要日子好過又長壽，就得遠離愚昧和邪惡。
If you wouldst live long, live well; for Folly and Wickedness shorten Life.
對顯而易見的美麗視而不見，對每一個瑕疵卻很挑剔，這是妒忌在作祟。
To all apparent Beauties, blind, Each Blemish, strikes, an envious Mind
兌現承諾會給你帶來朋友，言而無信會將朋友變成敵人。
Promises may get thee Friends, but Nonperformance will turn them into Enemies.
尋找美德，擁有美德，其他的事情，就交給老天爺處理吧。
Seek Virtue, and, of that possest, To Providence, resign the rest.
有錢又懂禮，才是真紳士。
Money and good Manners make the Gentleman.
這裡的女士的鼻子，聞不慣阿拉伯的香料；賓州深諳音律的人，聽不懂中國的絲竹之音，也不習慣吃最精緻的日本萊，住不慣別的國家的豪華宮殿。但是，高尚之人的慈善之心，每每見於善行之舉，無論身處世界的哪個角落，都一樣感到欣慰無比。
一個人沒有比時時擁有善良更好的財富了。
A Man has no more Goods than he gets Good by.
傷害敵人，使敵人佔上風；報復敵人，你跟他不相上下；原諒敵人，你就佔了上風。
Doing an Injury puts you below your Enemy; Revenging one makes you but even with him; Forgiving it sets you above him.
生活
很多人覺得自己花錢是為了買來快樂，卻不知已被快樂奴役。
Many a Man thinks he is buying Pleasure, when he is really selling himself a Slave to it.
不輕信、不爭吵、不賭博、不欠債，便能平安到老。
Neither trust, nor contend, nor lay wagers, nor lend; And you』ll have peace to your Lives end.
活得長不一定活得好，但活得好就能活得長。
A long Life may not be good enough, but a good Life is long enough.
智者除了正當收穫、適當開支、快樂分享、滿意離去之外，別無所求。
A wise Man will desire no more, than what he may get justly, use soberly, distribute chearfully, and leave contentedly.
擁有了手藝，就擁有了名利。
He that has a Trade, has an Office of Profit and Honour.
少吃晚餐，少生病。
Eat few Suppers, and you』ll need few Medicines.
飲食應當有規律，既要按時吃飯，也要定質定量（不要飽一頓飢一頓）。
The exact Quantity and Quality being found out, is to be kept to constantly.
凡事不可過度，包括吃肉和喝酒。
Excess in all other Thingswhatever, as well as in Meat and Drink, is also to be avoided.
雖然難以確切知道自己的食量，但要為需要而吃，而不是為享受而吃，因為享受從不在乎需要。
The Difficulty lies, in finding out an exact Measure; but eat for Necessity, not Pleasure, for Lustknows not where Necessity ends.
胃能消化足量的飲食，但是往往超過身體營養的需要量。
That Quantity that is sufficient, the Stomach can perfectly concoct and digest, and it sufficeth the due Nourishment of the Body.
想長壽、健康、靈敏，享受上帝的造化，首要的是通過勞動使飲食適度。
Wouldst thou enjoy a long Life, a healthy Body, and a vigorous Mind, and be acquainted also with the wonderful Works of God? labour in the first place to bring thy Appetite into Subjection to Reason.
如果飯後身體發沉、頭腦發悶，說明你暴飲暴食。因為飲食只是為了補充體力、有益身心健康，而不是為身體增添負擔。
If thou art dull and heavy after Meat, it』s a sign thou hast exceeded the due Measure; for Meat and Drink ought to refresh the Body, and make it chearful, and not to dull and oppress it.
飲食有節制，能助人平安死去，能使感覺保持靈敏，能壓制狂熱和激動，提高記憶力，增強理解力，平息火熱的情慾。
A sober Diet makes a Man die without Pain; it maintains the Senses in Vigour; it mitigates the Violence of Passions and Affections. It preserves the Memory, it helps the Understanding, it allays the Heat of Lust.
醉酒，是一切惡習中最邪惡的一種，它使一些人變成傻瓜， 一些人變成禽獸，一些人變成魔鬼。
Drunkenness, that worst ofEvils, makes some Men Fools, some Beasts, some Devils.
會吃之人，難得遇到一頓可口的美餐。
Nice Eaters seldom meet with a good Dinner.
未雨綢繆
餓著肚子睡覺，勝過第二天為早餐發愁。
Rather go to bed supperless, than run in debt for a Breakfast.
要種就種好果子，要麼什麼也別種。
Graft good Fruit all, or graft not at all.
一生難免窮老，未雨及時綢繆。早上的太陽，遲早要落下。
For Age and Want save while you may; No Morning Sun lasts a whole Day.
勤勉
日上三竿方起床，三更半夜還在忙。
He that riseth late, must trot all day, and shall scarce overtake his business at night.
要領先一步，就步步都要領先。使人失敗的不僅是管理不善，還有生性懶惰，該上午做完的事，卻拖到下午。
He that would be beforehand in the World, must be beforehand with his Business: It is not only ill Management, but discovers a slothful Disposition, to do that in the Afternoon, which should have been done in the Morning.
忙碌的人們很少有閑客來訪；沸騰的鍋里絕不會落入蒼蠅。
The busy Man has few idle Visitors; to the boiling Pot the Flies come not.
學知識靠勤奮，致富靠謹慎，當官靠膽大，上天堂靠行善。
Learning to the Studious; Riches to the Careful; Power to the Bold; Heaven to the Virtuous.
少說話，多做事。
Speak little, do much.
勤勞之人克服困難，懶惰之人製造困難。
Diligence overcomes Difficulties, Sloth makes them.
閑懶之人生事端；安逸背後藏勞苦。
Trouble springs from Idleness; Toil from Ease.
努力犁地耕田吧，在懶鬼睡大覺的時候；穩穩地去拿錢吧，在你的收成賣出去的時候。
Plough deep, while Sluggards sleep; And you shall have Corn, to sell and to keep.
懶惰在前面慢慢地走，貧窮很快就趕上來。
Laziness travels so slowly, that Poverty soon overtakes him.
別愚弄自己
很多人都埋怨自己的記憶力差，卻很少反省自己判斷力差。
Many complain of their Memory, few of their Judgment.
世上最容易的事情是自己騙自己。
It』s the easiest Thing in the World for a Man to deceive himself.
指責給你帶來的刺痛，正是真相之所在。
The Sting of a Reproach, is the Truth of it.
理性有缺，信仰不足。
You』ve just so much more Need of Faith, as you have less of Reason.
控制自己的激情，你就駕馭了自己；不控制自己的狂熱，你就會被別人駕馭。
He is a Governor that governs his Passions, and he a Servant thatserves them.
誰對一個人的判斷最準確？是他自己還是他的敵人？
Who judges best of a Man, his Enemies or himself?
失意時，沒有人了解；得意時，不了解自己。
When out of Favour, none know thee; when in, thou dost not know thyself.
你可能有時犯大錯，是因為你認為自己永遠正確。
You may sometimes be much in the wrong, in owning your being in the right.
自作聰明是最低級的愚蠢，其次是自誇，再次是藐視討論。
The first Degree of Folly, is to conceit one』s self wise; the second to profess it; the third to despise Counsel.
人生在世，之所以得救，不是靠信仰，而是靠對信仰的渴望。
In the Affairs of this World Men are saved, not by Faith, but by the Want of it.
好運者為好運所累。
He that hath no ill Fortune will be troubled with good.
恃才自傲，是被強光弄花了雙眼；恃德自傲，是解毒藥吃多了。
To be proud of Knowledge, is to be blind with Light; to be proud of Virtue, is to poison yourself with the Antidote.
珍惜時間
你熱愛生活嗎？那就不要浪費時間，因為時間乃生命之本。
Do you love Life? then do not squander Time; for that』s the Stuff Life is made of.
無知不是恥辱，不學習才是真正的恥辱。
Being ignorant is not so much a Shame, as being unwilling to learn.
習慣
一個惡習滋生兩個惡習。
What maintains one Vice would bring up two Children.
一個傻瓜可能犯兩次同樣的錯誤。智者則能有錯即改，得以補過。
Two Faults of one a Fool will make; He half repairs, that owns & does forsake．
聰明人吸取別人錯誤的教訓，傻瓜只能從自己身上吸取教訓。
Wise men learn by others harms; fools by their own.
研究所有人，更要剖析你自己（切勿看人不看己）。
Observe all men; thy self most.
從小接受有用的教育，長大了就可發財，但必須學好寫作和會計。
Useful Attainments in your Minority will procure Riches in Maturity, of which Writing and Accounts are not the meanest.
什麼人最明智？樂於聽取別人意見的人。
什麼人有威信？能夠控制自己情緒的人。
什麼人最富有？知足常樂的人。
這樣的人，不存在。
Who is wise? He that learns from every One.
Who is powerful? He that governs his Passions.
Who is rich? He that is content.
Who is that? Nobody.
與缺點作鬥爭，與鄰居融洽相處，年年都會越過越好。
Be at War with your Vices, at Peace with your Neighbours, and let every New-Year find you a better Man.
明天，要把所有的過錯都糾正過來，可是那個明天永遠不會來到。
To-morrow, every Fault is to be amended; but that To-morrow never comes.
《窮理查智慧書》是富蘭克林所寫的一個小冊子，富蘭克林說自己創造的內容不到一成，裡面大部分是整理各個名族的智慧精華，富蘭克林一生都在用這些智慧來完善自己。富蘭克林為人類做出巨大貢獻，有人這樣概括富蘭克林：「在天上降伏雷電，在地上爭取民權。」1790年享年84歲的富蘭克林溘然長逝，人們遵照他的遺願，在墓碑上刻著「印刷工富蘭克林」字樣。
本文封面圖片攝影：Jody McDonald，摘自《國家地理》。
TAG:一步又一步才能到多佛 |