Thomas Gainsborough托馬斯·庚斯博羅
Thomas Gainsborough was an English portrait and landscape painter, draughtsman, and printmaker. He surpassed his rival Sir Joshua Reynolds to become the dominant British portraitist of the second half of the 18th century.
托馬斯·庚斯博羅是英國肖像畫家、風景畫家、繪圖員和版畫師。他超越了他的競爭對手約書亞·雷諾茲爵士，成為18世紀後半葉英國的主要肖像畫家。
He painted quickly, and the works of his maturity are characterised by a light palette and easy strokes. He preferred landscapes to portraits, and is credited (with Richard Wilson) as the originator of the 18th-century British landscape school. Gainsborough was a founding member of the Royal Academy.
他畫得很快，成熟的作品以輕快的色調和輕鬆的筆觸為特點他喜歡風景畫而不喜歡肖像畫，並被譽為十八世紀英國風景畫派的創始者（與理查德·威爾遜一起）。庚斯博羅是皇家學院的創始成員之一。
His most famous works, "Portrait of Mrs. Graham"; "Mary and Margaret: The Painter"s Daughters"; "William Hallett and His Wife Elizabeth, nee Stephen", known as "The Morning Walk"; and "Cottage Girl with Dog and Pitcher", display the unique individuality of his subjects. Joshua Reynolds considered "Girl with Pigs" "the best picture he (Gainsborough) ever painted or perhaps ever will".
他最著名的作品有《格雷厄姆夫人的畫像》、《瑪麗和瑪格麗特：畫家的女兒》、《威廉·哈勒特和他的妻子伊麗莎白·內·斯蒂芬》、《晨行》和《帶狗和皮徹的小屋女孩》，這些都顯示了他所研究的主題的獨特個性。約書亞·雷諾茲曾認為《少女與豬》是他畫過的最好的畫，也許永遠都是。
Gainsborough"s works became popular with collectors from the 1850s on, after Lionel de Rothschild began buying his portraits. The rapid rise in the value of pictures by Gainsborough and also by Reynolds in the mid 19th century was partly because the Rothschild family, including Ferdinand de Rothschild began collecting them.
19世紀50年代，在萊昂內爾·德·羅斯柴爾德開始購買他的肖像畫後，蓋恩斯伯勒的作品開始受到收藏家的歡迎。19世紀中期，蓋恩斯伯勒和雷諾茲的畫作價值的迅速上升，部分原因是羅斯柴爾德家族，包括費迪南·德·羅斯柴爾德開始收藏他的這些畫作。
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