蘋果宣戰臉書，抨擊網路跟蹤，用戶隱私能保障嗎？
話說這幾個月，Facebook的用戶隱私泄露問題鬧得沸沸揚揚，一波未平一波又起，前幾天又因為一個bug，數千萬用戶私密帖子再遭曝光危機。
其實在高科技無處不在的今天，當你在電腦上瀏覽網頁，在手機上刷刷刷的時候，你的數據、你的信息都被記錄了下來。
你也許記不得自己什麼時候用什麼方式去了哪裡、待了多久，但是地圖APP記得。某寶某東比你自己還清楚你自己的口味偏好，甚至知道你什麼時候換了風格。微博微信比你自己都深知自己的喜怒哀樂、心情變化，知道你的興趣和關注點。
根據系統配置對用戶進行跟蹤早已不是什麼秘密，世界上其實存在著第二個你，那便是存在於大數據和雲計算中的另一個你。即使這早已不是秘密，但是有人看不慣，畢竟普遍存在的東西不代表就是好的。
6月8日，在全球開發者大會上，蘋果CEO庫克公開抨擊網路跟蹤技術，一副「我的用戶我來保護」的樣子，主推保護用戶隱私。
蘋果在最新版本的Safari瀏覽器中，發布了一款名為「智能跟蹤預防」的新工具，並以臉書作為監控用戶的例子。這公然宣戰的態勢，可謂是讓科技圈一時間風雨欲來。下面，就一起來跟小編看一看是怎麼回事吧！
SAN JOSE, Calif. — Apple is declaring war on internet tracking technology while also taking steps to address smartphone addiction.
加州聖何塞——蘋果正向網路跟蹤技術宣戰，並逐步解決智能手機成癮問題。
The tech giant announced on Monday that its latest software update will stop other companies from collecting user data and bombarding users with the same advertisement wherever they go online.
科技巨頭蘋果在周一（6月8日）宣布了其最新發布的軟體。該軟體將阻止其他公司收集用戶數據和在用戶上網時投放廣告。
The macOS Mojave software update, which will be available to users this fall, will get rid of like, share and comment widgets on popular websites — some of the mechanisms that are used to track users through a process called 「fingerprinting.」
macOS Mojace系統的新版本將於秋季上線，移除了在熱門網站上點贊、分享和評論小窗口的功能——通過「指紋」程序跟蹤用戶的機制。
「When you browse the web, your device can be identified by a unique set of characteristics like its configuration, fonts you have installed and plug-ins on the device,」 Craig Federighi, senior vice president of software engineering at Apple, said onstage at Apple』s annual developer conference. 「Data companies can use this to construct a unique fingerprint and track you from site to site.」
「當你瀏覽網頁的時候，通過一組獨特的特徵便可識別你的設備，比如它的配置、你安裝的字體和設備上的插件。」蘋果軟體工程高級副總裁Craig Federighi在蘋果開發者大會上說道，「數據公司用這些特徵構建獨特的指紋，然後在不同的網頁跟蹤你。」
Apple is calling this expanded approach to privacy 「intelligent tracking prevention.」 When the free Mac update launches this fall, Federighi said that 「your Mac will look like everyone else』s Mac」 to the companies using these tactics.
蘋果將此稱呼為隱私「智能跟蹤預防」的擴展版。當秋季Mac的免費更新上線時，Federighi說對於這類通過特徵跟蹤用戶的公司而言，「你的Mac和其他人的Mac一模一樣」。
The update comes at a time when Apple』s Silicon Valley neighbor, Facebook, continues to weather criticism over the permissions it granted to app developers at the expense of user privacy. However, Apple』s tracker prevention announcement will likely have little impact for Facebook users, who overwhelmingly browse the social network using the app, not the Safari browser, which is receiving the software update.
在蘋果宣布軟體更新的時候，它的矽谷鄰居Facebook仍因犧牲用戶隱私，給app開發者授權而被炮轟。但是，蘋果的防跟蹤措施似乎對Facebook用戶並不能產生多大的影響，因為Facebook用戶大多選擇用Facebook，而不是通過Safari瀏覽器瀏覽社交網站。
「Google and Facebook have many ways of tracking users as they move from site to site,」 Patrick Moorhead, principal analyst at Moor Insights & Strategy, a tech industry advisory firm, told NBC News. 「As Google and Facebook rely on these kinds of technologies to build profiles and serve the right kinds of ads, I think the companies will find other ways to do this.」
「Google和Facebook有很多跟蹤用戶的方法，」科技行業資訊公司Moor Insights & Strategy的首席分析員Patrick Moorhead告訴NBC News，「Google和Facebook依賴這些技術而出名，也有賴於這些技術去投放合適的廣告，我覺得這些公司會找到其他方法去繼續跟蹤用戶。」
「But it is a good move by Apple, and I think puts more teeth behind their privacy stance,」 Moorhead said.
「但是蘋果的這一舉措還是相當不錯的，我覺得這加強了他們維護隱私的立場。」Moorhead說道。
Apple will also increase data protections, requiring apps to get permission before they are able to use a computer』s camera and microphone or access someone』s mail history and database of messages, Federighi said.
Federighi 說，與此同時，蘋果也會加強數據保護，要求app在可以使用電腦相機、麥克風或獲取用戶郵件歷史和信息資料庫之前，必須獲得允許。
「Apple is taking privacy seriously and putting control in the hands of end users to decide whether they are OK with site-to-site data tracking," Ojas Rege, chief strategy officer at mobile software company MobileIron, said. "This will make it more difficult for service providers to build a customer profile without explicit consent from the end user and put pressure on other browser providers as well to deploy a stricter privacy model.」
「蘋果重視用戶隱私安全，並將控制權交給終端用戶手裡，由他們決定網站之間的數據跟蹤是否可行。」手機軟體公司Mobilelron首席戰略官Ojas Rege說道，「這會讓服務提供商，在沒有終端用戶的明確同意之下，更難建立顧客信息檔案，也給瀏覽器供應商增加了壓力，但也建立了一個更嚴格的隱私保護模型。」
不僅要保護用戶隱私，蘋果還打算解決智能手機成癮的問題。
The days of app notifications flooding the iPhone home screen will soon come to an end. Apple will instead group notifications together, cutting back on home-screen clutter and the need to keep looking at your iPhone every time there』s a shiny new alert.
iPhone主頁堆滿了app消息提醒的日子馬上就要到頭了。蘋果將整合消息提醒，清理主頁亂七八糟的消息，用戶無需因提醒而整天查看手機。
But perhaps the greatest indicator of a person』s digital health will be measured in a dashboard that will let users monitor how much time they spend in apps and how often they glance at their phones. For people who find themselves being sucked into a black hole by certain apps, Apple will let them set controls that will trigger reminders when time is almost up for the day.
也許衡量個人數據健康的最佳指標能在面板上進行，用戶可以監控他們花在app上的時間，和看手機的次數。對於那些深陷某些app的人，通過設置時間上限已到的提醒，蘋果可以幫助這些人控制自己玩手機的時間。
Apple also hopes to help people get a better night』s sleep with a 「do not disturb」 mode that will completely turn notifications off for the night, saving those late night messages for the morning.
蘋果還希望通過「請勿打擾」模式幫助人們擁有更好的夜間睡眠，「請勿打擾」模式將在夜晚完全關閉消息提醒，這些深夜消息將延後到早上才推送。
除此之外，蘋果還推出了不少新功能，比如更方便好用的Siri、測量實物的「Measure」app、可以由人們自行設計的emoji等等。
對於蘋果這一次對網路跟蹤的宣戰，你怎麼看呢？用戶隱私能夠保障嗎？歡迎在評論區暢所欲言，提出你的看法
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