真假地震疑云：墨西哥地震是球迷「跳」出來的嗎？
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17日，世界盃小組賽中墨西哥1:0爆冷戰勝衛冕冠軍德國隊，賽後各國媒體紛紛報道：遠在萬里之外的墨西哥發生了「地震」。那麼，民眾慶祝進球真的會引發地震嗎？
18日，日本大阪發生真·6.1級地震，造成5人遇難，百人受傷。為何日本頻發地震？太平洋「火環（Ring of Fire）」了解一下。
Photo credit: Getty Images
壹
墨西哥民眾慶祝進球引發地震？
Mexicans jumping injubilationat their country』s surprising World Cup victory over defending champions Germany shook the ground so hard they set off earthquake detectors.
墨西哥隊在世界盃上爆冷擊敗了衛冕冠軍德國隊，墨西哥人歡欣雀躍時過於激動以至於引起了地震探測器的反應。
Mexico』s Institute of Geological and Atmospheric Investigations said highly sensitive earthquake sensors registeredtremorsat two sites in Mexico City, seven seconds after Hirving Lozano scored the game-winning goal for the North Americanunderdogs. It called the tremors an 「artificial」 quake, but some scientists are not so sure.
墨西哥地質與大氣研究所表示，高敏感度地震感應器偵測到墨西哥城兩處出現輕微波動，而正是七秒前，墨西哥球員伊爾文?洛薩諾（Hirving Lozano）為這支足球場上不被看好的北美隊伍鎖定製勝的關鍵一球。研究所將這兩次波動稱為「人為」地震，但部分科學家對此並不認同。
①jubilation[d?u?b?"le??n] n. 喜悅；歡欣鼓舞
例句：As the jubilation subsided in the US, fingers already started to be pointed towards Islamabad. 隨著美國的歡呼平息下來，其指頭早已開始指向伊斯蘭堡。
②tremor["trem?] n. 戰慄；輕微地震；小震
例句：Local residents said they felt a tremor and heard a loud noise, and many fled from buildings thinking it was an earthquake. 當地居民稱，他們感覺到一陣晃動，聽見一聲巨響，許多人以為是地震，紛紛衝下樓。
③underdog["?nd?d?g] n. 處於劣勢的人（或團隊、國家等）；弱者；比賽前不被看好者
例句：Crown had been seen as an underdog at best but had been encouraged by Ford if it could find the necessary funding, the paper added. 報導稱，皇冠財團一直不被看好，但通用鼓勵其堅持競購，若其能獲得必要融資的話。
When sections of the Earth』scrustslip beneath or past one another, energy is released in the form ofseismicwaves. Seismologists use sensitive instruments called seismometers to detect these waves as they travel through the Earth』s interior. Scientists can determine the source of a quake by examining its seismic wave pattern.
當地殼板塊向下運動或相互運動時，能量會以地震波的形式釋放。地震學家利用精密的儀器，也就是測震儀，來勘測這些在地球內部四處傳播的地震波。科學家們可以通過檢測分析地震波形來確定震源所在。
④crust[kr?st] n. 殼；表面；麵包皮；堅硬外皮 v. 用外皮覆蓋；生痂兒；形成硬殼
例句：If magma is going to erupt, it will start to move within the earth"s crust and force its way up to migrate to the surface. 如果岩漿即將噴發，它會先在地殼內流動，然後向上流向地球表面。
⑤seismic["sa?zm?k] adj. 地震的；地震引起的；影響深遠的
例句：Achieving the necessary form was no easy matter, especially since Beijing is in an active seismic zone. 實現這種必要的構造並非易事，尤其因為北京正處於地震活躍帶。
Screenshot: sciencealert.com
「It was probably a person, or people, jumping up and down next to the [seismology] station ,」 says Xyoli Pérez Campos, who heads Servicio Sismológico Nacional (SSN), Mexico』s national seismological service, 「People [jumping] can generate vibrations, but they look very different on the record than an earthquake… It wouldn』t look like a single peak.」
「這有可能只是因為有一個人或幾個人剛好在[地震]觀測站附近上下跳動而造成的，」墨西哥國家地震局（SSN）局長Xyoli Pérez Campos澄清道，「人們[跳躍]會產生震動，但這些波動和真正的地震數據並不相像…（真的地震）不會看起來只有一個孤零零的高峰值。」
Photo credit: Getty Images
Seismometers have picked up sounds and vibrations fromboisterouscrowds before, but nosynchronizedcelebration has ever been able to trigger a true seismic event, according to geologists. The term 「man-made earthquake」 is typically used to describe quakes catalyzed by human activity such asfracking, drilling, and nuclear testing.
測震儀曾經探測到過喧鬧的人群所發出的聲音與震動，但地質學家表示，此類人們同時慶祝引起的震動，從來沒有引起過真正意義的地殼運動。作為專業術語，「人為地震」一詞用來形容由於水壓開採、鑽井、核試驗等人類活動催發的地質運動。
Tens of thousands of earthquakes, natural and man-made, shake the surface of our planet every year, most of which are low on the Richter scale. But more than a dozen quakes above magnitude 4.0 have devastated communities across the globe this year, include the 6.1 magnitude earthquake that struck the Japanese city of Osaka.
每年有成千上萬的自然與人造地震會震動地球表面，其中大部分是里氏震級較低的地震。但截止目前，今年全球已發生十幾次具有破壞性的4.0級以上地震，其中就包括了在日本大阪發生的6.1級地震。
⑥boisterous["b??st(?)r?s] adj. 喧鬧的；充滿活力的；猛烈的
例句：The British reporter is known for his boisterous and quirky style, especially on CNN International. 來自英國的記者以誇張、多變的報導風格著稱，尤其是在CNN國際頻道頗具知名度。
⑦synchronize["s??kr?na?z] vt. 使…合拍；使…同步 vi. 同步；同時發生
例句：When the interests or the behavior of two or more people are synchronized, these people are said to be in rapport. 當幾個人之間的興趣愛好和行為習慣相同步時，那麼他們就處在和諧融洽的交往中。
⑧fracking[fr?ki?] n. 水力壓裂法（利用高壓將水、化學物質和沙打到地下以獲取天然氣的方法）
例句：Fracking may begin later this summer, and for now, the size of Poland"s shale gas reserves can only be guessed at. 液壓開採可能從今年夏天晚些時候開始。目前，波蘭頁岩氣的儲藏還只是猜測。
Photo credit: Getty Images
貳
真地震：日本大阪發生6.1級地震
An earthquake rocked Japan"s second city Osaka on Monday morning, killing at least five people and injuring hundreds of others, according to an officialtally. Osakaprefecture, which includes the city and surrounding areas, is home to 8.8 million people. The city is close to Kobe, which was hit by a deadly magnitude 6.9 quake in 1995.
6月18日（周一）早上，日本第二大城市大阪發生地震。據官方統計，至少5人在此次地震中遇難，數百人受傷。大阪府包括大阪市與周邊地區，容納了880萬人口。這座城市離神戶很近，而在1995年，神戶就曾經歷了一次傷亡慘重的6.9級地震。
⑨tally["t?l?] n. 記錄；積分表；賬 v. 吻合（+with）；合計
例句：By his calculations, some 90% of a country"s performance in the Games medal tally is determined by these political and economic factors. 根據他的推算，一個國家在奧運獎牌榜上90%的成績是由這些政治與經濟因素決定的。
⑩prefecture["pri?fektj??] n. 地方行政區域；省；縣
例句：Its output will depend on the supply of components and a sixth plant in Fukushima prefecture, near the stricken Daiichi nuclear plant. 其產能將取決於零部件的供應和位於福島縣的第六座工廠，這座工廠位置接近受損的福島第一核電站。
The quake hit at 7:58 a.m. and initially measured a magnitude of 5.9 but was later raised to 6.1, according to Japan"s Meteorological Agency.
日本氣象局稱，此次地震發生在早上7點58分，最初測得震級為5.9級，後來升至6.1級。
Television images showed buildings swaying and burst pipes spewing water after the quake, which struck at the height of rush hour in the city. However, there was no large-scale destruction and no tsunami warning issued after the quake, thoughcommuterswerestrandedand tens of thousands were left without power.
電視畫面顯示，地震發生後，建築物搖搖晃晃，管道爆裂造成水流噴涌，嚴重影響了城市客流高峰期的運作。然而，儘管上班族們被迫滯留，上萬人被切斷電力供給，此次地震並未造成大規模破壞，官方也沒有發布任何海嘯警報。
?commuter[k?"mju?t?(r)] n. 通勤者；（遠距離）上下班往返的人
例句：By creating jobs that are close to homes, commuters can cut down on drive times and energy use while enjoying more time at home. 通過創造離家近的就業機會，通勤者們可以減少駕駛次數以及駕駛所消耗的能源，進而可以享受更多在家的時光。
?strand[str?nd] vt. 使滯留；使擱淺 n. 縷；濱；（觀點、計劃、故事等的）部分
例句：He also said the State Department has established a monitoring group to help provide services to stranded American citizens. 他說，美國國務院已成立了一個監控小組，協助向被困在歐洲的美國公民提供服務。
Screenshot: reuters.com
Agency officials warn of the growing risk oflandslidesor building collapse in the hardest-hit areas. They are calling on people in the regions to stay alert foraftershocksof around the same intensity in the next week or so.
氣象局官員警告稱，受災最嚴重地區發生山體滑坡或建築物倒塌的風險越來越大。他們呼籲這些地區的人們保持警覺，因為接下來一周左右仍有可能發生強度相當的餘震。
?landslide["l?n(d)sla?d] n. 滑坡；一方占絕對優勢的選舉 vi. 發生山崩；以壓倒優勢獲勝
例句：More importantly for the DPJ, it may bolster the party"s popularity, which has withered after its election landslide a year ago. 對民主黨來說，更重要的是此舉有望提高該黨的支持率，自該黨一年前高票贏得大選以來，其支持率不斷下滑。
?aftershock["ɑ?ft???k] n. 餘震；餘悸
例句：Japan is still the world"s third-largest economy, and the aftershock from a bond market crash would be like the fall of Lehman cubed. 日本仍然是全球第三大經濟體，其債券市場崩塌的餘震，衝擊力將會與雷曼倒閉一樣。
此次大阪地震正好發生在世界盃小組賽日本隊與哥倫比亞隊對決的前一天，賽前日本主教練在發布會上稱地震對日本球員們的情緒造成了影響。
但從昨晚賽場表現來看，日本隊氣勢如虹，最終以2-1的比分取得勝利。
叄
日本為何頻發地震？
Japan sits on the so-called Pacific "Ring of Fire" where a large proportion of the world"s earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are recorded.
日本坐落在所謂的太平洋「火環」（即環太平洋火山帶）上，全世界有記錄的很大一部分地震和火山噴發都發生在該區域。
The 40,000-kilometer area stretches from the boundary of the Pacific Plate and the smaller plates such as the Philippine Sea plate to the Cocos and Nazca plates that line the edge of the Pacific Ocean in ahorseshoeshape.
該區域全長4萬公里，呈馬蹄形環繞太平洋，從太平洋板塊的邊界，到菲律賓海板塊等較小板塊，再延伸至可可斯與納斯卡板塊。
?horseshoe["h??(r)s.?u?] n. 馬蹄鐵；U形物 vt. 給(馬)釘掌
例句：Niels Bohr, the Nobel Prize-winning scientist, surprised his colleagues by hanging a horseshoe on the wall of his office. 諾貝爾獎獲獎者、科學家尼爾斯·波爾就把一塊馬蹄鐵掛在辦公室的牆壁上，此舉令他的同事們相當吃驚。
Japan itself is a particularly active site - 10 percent of all the world』s volcanoes are in Japan and about 1,500 earthquakes are recorded yearly. The country is in a zone of extreme instability, and minor earthquakes are felt daily in some parts.
日本本身也是一個（地殼運動）極其活躍的區域——世界上10％的火山群都位於日本，這裡每年會記錄到大約1500次地震。日本處於（地殼）極度不穩定地帶，國內部分地區每天都能感受到輕微震感。
Photo credit: Getty Images
On March 11, 2011, a devastating 9.0 quake struck under the Pacific Ocean, triggering a huge tsunami that killed some 18,000 people and the world』s worst nuclear disaster in a quarter of a century at Tokyo Electric Power』s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant.
2011年3月11日，9.0級災難性地震襲擊太平洋，引發了一場巨大海嘯，造成約18000人喪生以及近25年以來世界上最嚴重的核災難，即發生在東京電力公司所屬福島第一核電站的福島核泄漏事件。
Japan introduced a law after the Kobe quake requiring owners of large buildings such as hotels and hospitals to have their buildings inspected forearthquake resistance.
在神戶地震後，日本政府出台法律，要求酒店和醫院等大型建築的業主檢查其建築物的抗震性能。
?earthquake resistance抗震性能
例句：However in the life cycle of a building, sometimes the building earthquake resistance capability may be damaged by nature or manmade events. 然而，建築物於其生命周期中，常因自然災害或人為因素而受損，進而影響其耐震能力。
最後，小F奉上小小一份地震相關辭彙總結~
表示地震的名詞：
earthquake / quake / shake/shock/tremor
表示「地震發生於...」 的動詞：
hit / strike / shake / jolt / rock / roll across / rip through
打擊 / 突然發生 / 搖動 / 搖晃 / 使振動 / 起伏 / 破開
形容地震的破壞程度的動詞：
damage / destroy / shatter / devastate / level / flatten
毀壞 / 摧毀 / （使）破碎 / 毀滅 / 推倒 / 夷為平地
地震學相關辭彙：
seismology 地震學
seismograph 測震儀
seismographer/seismologist 地震學家
aftershock 餘震
smaller tremors 小地震
epicenter 震中
magnitude 震級
Richter Scale(1—10) 里氏震級
earthquake monitoring 地震監控
tsunami 海嘯
tsunami warning system 海嘯預警系統
tidal waves 潮汐波，浪潮
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