藏品的保護和展覽條件

藏品的保護和展覽條件

CONDITIONS OF CONSERVATION AND EXHIBITION OF THE COLLECTIONS

該生態博物館的一項重要職責是對其藏品進行充分的保護和保存。為此，需要保持特定的環境條件，甚至在開工建設之前，也要考慮到這一點。那些古老的藏品，如考古文物、古代紡織品、紙張、繪畫和建築構件尤其需要這些條件，因為它們的顏色或者完好性可能會受到影響。此外，還需特別注意一些生物體（如植物標本）的保護，因為它們可能會因發霉或滋生細菌而遭到破壞。種子庫的保護也需要特定的條件，後面將會詳細介紹。

One important role of the eco-museum is to conserve its collections and to ensure their adequate preservation through time. For that purpose, specific environmental conditions have to be maintained and should be taken into account even before the eco-museum construction. These conditions are particularly required by ancient collections, such as archaeological objects, ancient textiles, papers, paintings and elements of architecture, as their colours or their physical integrities could be affected. Specific attention should also be paid to the conservation of biological objects, such as herbariums, which could be threatened by the development of mould, bacteria of insects. The conservation of the seeds bank also requires specific conditions which will be detailed hereafter.

保護的基本原則

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CONSERVATION

以下是國際博物館協會建議的國際方法學。

Here we follow the international methodology proposed by ICOM.

根據這一方法，我們認為實施保護的藏品年代應達100年，以實現聯合國教科文組織有關將遺產傳承給子孫後代的目標。

According to this methodology, we consider that the time-scale of conservation of the collections should be of hundred years, so as to fulfil the UNESCO objective of transmission of heritage to the future generations.

第一步是識別和確定藏品暴露於自然環境中的風險以及可造成這些風險的因素和危險。風險、因素和危險的識別確定可用於提出相關應對策略。

The first step is to identify the risks to which the collections can be exposed, as well as the agents and the hazards that can cause these risks. This first identification of risks, agents and hazards can then be used to propose strategies to counteract them.

下表顯示，對這三種因素（輻射、不當的溫度和相對濕度）而言，相關危險在這一地區是尤為重要的。的確，當地亞熱帶氣候的主要特點是日照時間長、溫度高、相對濕度高。自一開始構思建立生態博物館以來，這三種因素就可通過以下方法予以控制：建立防紫外線保護、通風、空調和濕度控制等系統。在構思和施工過程中，還應要考慮周密，以確保水管和下水管的連接處、屋頂、電氣和避雷系統安裝妥當，所選擇的建築材料不會造成污染。

This table shows that for 3 agents (radiation and contraindicated temperature and relative humidity), the related hazards are particularly important in this region. Indeed, the local subtropical climate is characterized by high sunshine duration, high temperature and high relative humidity. These 3 agents can be controlled since the early beginning of the eco-museum conception by planning systems of anti-UV protection, ventilation, air-conditioning and control of humidity. Specific attention should also be paid during conception and construction to ensure that water and sewage connections, roofs, electrical and lightning systems are properly installed and that the chosen construction materials do not cause pollution.

在運行階段，應實施基本的藏品保護戰略，以控制這些風險因素。

During the operation phase, basic collection preservation strategies should be implemented to control the agents of risks.

該生態博物館應配備一個測光儀、一個紫外線測量儀、一個濕度計和一個溫度計，用於測量這四個主要的風險因素。

The eco-museum should have access to a light meter, a UV meter, a humidity meter, and a thermometer to measure the 4 main agents of risks.

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