建築中的顏色對空間有哪些影響呢？
顏色在建築中的作用：視覺效果和心理影響
The Role of Color in Architecture: Visual Effects and Psychological Stimuli
顏色及其感知能力對人們的潛意識和顯意識都有一定的刺激與影響，其存在方式多種多樣，並且無處不在。你有沒有想過它在建築中的作用？
除了基本的結構要素，建築的表面色彩也會影響用戶對空間的體驗。根據Israel Pedrosa的說法，「顏色帶給人的感覺由材料折射或反射而產生，因此『顏色』這個詞多用於具有感官刺激的功能之中。」[1]
Colors and their perceptions are responsible for a series of conscious and subconscious stimuli in our psycho-spatial relationship. Despite its presence and its variations, it is present in all places. Have you ever wondered what its role is in architecture?
As well as the constructive elements that make up an architectural object, the application of colors on surfaces also influences the user"s experience of the space. According to Israel Pedrosa, "a colorful sensation is produced by the nuances of light refracted or reflected by a material, commonly the word color is designated to those shades that function as stimuli in a chromatic sensation." [1]
吉拉迪住宅｜Flickr Pov Stele. Licen?a CC BY-SA 2.0. Image Casa Gilardi / Luis Barragán
當前有大量的研究文獻可以表明色彩之間的區別與特徵。顏色可以與心理學、象徵主義甚至神秘主義聯繫在一起，並且根據藝術、歷史或文化時期，每種顏色都有不同的含義，面對光線時所投射到人們眼中的顏色會有所改變。本文並非針對色彩的技術問題而進行研究，我們主要思考的是色彩和建築之間的關係。
讓我們來看看建築史上的一些知名人士。例如Luis Barragán，其作品中通過高純度的色彩來喚起情感要素，而Siza Vieiraadadheres作品的色彩則純度較低。與此同時，Lina Bo Bardi常在建築中使用紅色，而Legorreta則採用能代表墨西哥文化的豐富色彩。
Describing the relationship of colors and the different features that govern them, or even the multitude of existing studies regarding these theories, is as complex as it is extensive. Color can be associated with psychology, symbolism and even mysticism; colors take on different meanings according to the artistic, historical or the cultural period; colors change when facing light; among many other characteristics. This article is not intended to address technical aspects of color or concepts studied by critics. However, it does seek to ponder the relationship between color and architecture.
Let"s take a look at some well-known names from the history of architecture. Regarding the work of Luis Barragán, color demonstrates spatial purity as an element that evokes emotions, while Siza Vieiraadheres to the achromatism of surfaces. Meanwhile, Lina Bo Bardi uses red in some architectural elements, and Legorreta adopts exuberant colors, which are inspired by Mexican culture.
Hotel Camino Real de Polanco / Ricardo Legorreta. Image Flickr kieranmcglone
顏色可以展示一定的建築體量或細節，以及空間效果。它也可以渲染氛圍或帶來一些視覺效果。
Color can show a certain volume or constructive detail, or visually mimic certain aspects of space. It can also provide a set of emotions or visual effects.
吉拉迪住宅｜Flickr Pov Stele. Licen?a CC BY-SA 2.0. Image Casa Gilardi / Luis Barragán
當人們處在由牆壁、地板和天花板組成的空間環境中，當表面上採用不同顏色時，人們會得到不同的視覺效果。例如，如果天花板的有顏色較暗，則會產生空間低矮的感覺，而如果中心牆面的顏色較暗，在視覺上就會形成「空間縮短」的錯覺，可是，當暗色應用於所有的牆壁，則可能會產生比實際更大的空間感受。
如果只有空間的側壁塗上色彩，那麼則會產生明顯的狹窄感，因此採用相同的色調繪製中心牆和天花板時，空間似乎會擴大。所以，如果希望降低空間的高度或將焦點放在人視點的高度，只要在上表面運用深色，這就會帶來我們所期望的效果。
但沒有光線就不存在顏色。正如Israel Pedrosa在他的著作《Da CoràCor Inexistente》中描述的那樣，「顏色沒有物質存在，它只是在光線作用下而產生的某種感覺，準確來說，是光線作用刺激了行為視覺器官。」 [2]色彩與心理活動密切相關，因此可以與每個項目的體量和形狀結合使用。
If we create an environment with walls, floors, and neutral ceilings, when we apply certain colors on the different surfaces, we get different visual effects. For example, if we apply a darker shade on the ceiling, the sensation of a lower space is generated; if we apply color to the central wall of space, the idea of a certain "spatial shortening" is created visually; whereas, if it is applied to all walls, the perception of a space longer than it really is, is produced.
If only the lateral walls of the space are painted, there is a noted perception of narrowing; otherwise, when painting the central wall and ceiling in the same hue, the environment seems to expand. If you are looking to lower the height of the space or put the focus at the height of the observer"s gaze, then painting all the surfaces at half height, and putting the darker tones on the upper surfaces gives us this desired effect.
But colors do not exist without the presence of light. As Israel Pedrosa says in his book Da Cor à Cor Inexistente, "color has no material existence: it is only the sensation produced by certain nervous organizations under the action of light, with more precision, the action provoked by the action of the light on the organ of vision." [2] Color is intimately linked to psychological stimuli and can be used in conjunction with volume and the shape of each project.
英國Prestwood幼兒學校食堂｜Prestwood Infant School Dining Hall / De Rosee Sa. Image Cortesia de De Rosee Sa
關於顏色的「心理」狀況，常見的特徵總結如下：
藍色：傳達積極、自信和安全的感覺。它經常用於商業空間，例如銀行機構、辦公室和公司。
黃色：表達樂觀、好奇、快樂和明亮的氣氛。它經常用於商業空間或餐廳，來吸引行人的注意力。
紅色：這種顏色顯示能量、興奮、衝動。因此，它也經常用於商業空間，如商店或快餐店，因為它具有一定的強迫性和消費慾望。
綠色：喚起平靜、安寧、寧靜和幸福。它經常用於與健康相關的空間，例如醫院和休閑中心。
橙色：黃色和紅色組合的結果，橙色投射出一種強度、創造力、愉悅感和熱情。它經常用於創意環境，例如辦公室、工作室和學校。如果與藍色一起使用，它能表達衝動和信任，因此常用於銀行機構和辦事處。
紫色：表達幸福、冷靜和柔軟的感覺。
Regarding the "psychology" of the main colors, the following ideas have been developed:
Blue: Transmits the feeling of positivity, confidence, and security. It is often used in commercial and business spaces, such as banking agencies, offices and companies.
Yellow: Portrays optimism, curiosity, joviality and a bright atmosphere. It is frequently used in commercial spaces or restaurants to gain the attention of pedestrians.
Red: This color shows energy, excitement, impulse. Therefore, it is regularly used in commercial spaces, such as stores or fast food outlets, as it portrays a certain compulsivity and consumer desire.
Green: Evokes calm, tranquility, serenity and well-being. It is regularly used in spaces associated with health and well-being, such as hospitals and relaxation centers.
Orange: The result of the combination of yellow and red, orange projects an idea of intensity, creativity, euphoria, and enthusiasm. It is often used in creative environments, such as offices, studios, and schools. If used together with blue, it conveys the idea of impulsivity and trust, and so is adopted by banking agencies and offices.
Violet: It transmits well-being, calmness, and softness.
英國Prestwood幼兒學校食堂｜Prestwood Infant School Dining Hall / De Rosee Sa. Image Cortesia de De Rosee Sa
在幼兒建築項目中，顏色通常用來激發孩子的心理和感官發育。在眾多的建築實例中，有如：Base Urbana + Pessoa Arquitetos事務所設計的 Alto de Pinheiros學院，De Rosee Sa的Prestwood小學;，和RCR Arquitectes事務所設計的『Els Colors"幼兒園。
在醫院項目或健康類建築項目中，顏色能夠促進患者的康復，例如由Hans Abaton設計的Esther Koplowitz腦癱患者基金會和Stanley Beaman & Sears設計的Nemours兒童醫院。
In children"s projects, colors are used to motivate the child"s psychological and sensory development. Among innumerable examples, the following are standouts: the College in Alto de Pinheiros of the architects of Base Urbana + Pessoa Arquitetos; the Prestwood Elementary School of De Rosee Sa; and the "Els Colors" kindergarten by RCR Arquitectes.
In hospital projects or the field of health, colors are used as a complementary element for the rehabilitation of patients, such as in the Esther Koplowitz Foundation for Patients with Cerebral Palsy, designed by Hans Abaton, and the Nemours Children"s Hospital, which is designed by Stanley Beaman & Sears.
西班牙馬德里兒童腦癱病患療養中心｜Funda??o Esther Koplowitz para Pacientes com Paralisia Cerebral / Hans Abaton. Image Hans Abaton
在城市項目中，顏色能夠激發活力並改善空間狀況，例如印尼的Kampung Pelangi村落開發項目，以及丹麥BIG建築事務所設計的Superkilen公園，建築師使用大量顏色為空間帶來象徵性。
In urban projects, colors are sometimes used to restore liveliness and to renovate deteriorated spaces, such as the intervention of the Kampung Pelangi village, in Indonesia, and the Superkilen park of the Danish firm BIG, which uses a significant amount of color to give a "spatial identity."
Superkilen 城市公園｜Superkilen / BIG. Image Dragor Luft
顏色是建築中不可或缺的元素，這不僅與美學相關，也與人們的心理因素密切聯繫。因此，在你的設計項目中需要巧妙且恰當地使用不同的色彩！
Color is an integral element in architecture; it is not only important aesthetically, but it also has a great psycho-sensory importance. Use it wisely in your projects!
文中引用：
[1]（PEDROSA，第98頁，2009年）
[2]（PEDROSA，第20頁，2009年）
參考書目
以色列， Pedrosa。 Da CoràCor Inexistente。 聖保羅：Senac，2009年。
TAG:建築學1919 |