亞馬遜土著部落最後倖存者曝光，簡直是現實版荒野求生！
Footage of sole survivor of Amazon tribe emerges
亞馬遜部落唯一倖存者的視頻公布
來源：英國《衛報》 翻譯：世界播
Man believed to be in his 50s seen swinging an axe to fell a tree in Brazilian forest
一個50多歲的男人在巴西森林裡揮舞著斧頭砍樹
"Man of the hole": fresh footage released of last survivor of Brazilian Amazon tribe
《洞中男人》:巴西亞馬遜部落的最後倖存者的最新視頻公布
Remarkable footage has been released of an uncontacted indigenous manwho has lived alone in an Amazon forest for at least 22 years.
一名與世隔絕的土著男子獨自在亞馬遜森林裡生活了至少22年，有關他的令人震驚的視頻在網上公布。
Semi-naked and swinging an axe vigorously as he fells a tree, the man, believed to be in his 50s, has never been filmed so clearly before and appears to be in excellent health.
這個50多歲的男人，半裸著身子，揮舞著一把斧頭，使勁地砍著一棵樹。之前的拍攝從未如此清晰，而且他看起來非常健康。
「He is very well, hunting, maintaining some plantations of papaya, corn,」 said Altair Algayer, a regional coordinator for the Brazilian government indigenous agency Funai in the Amazon state of Rond?nia, who was with the team who filmed the footage from a distance. 「He has good health and a good physical shape doing all those exercises.」
「他很健康，會狩獵，還維持著一片番木瓜和玉米的種植園，」 阿爾泰爾·阿爾加耶說。他是亞馬遜朗多尼亞州巴西政府土著機構Funai的地區協調員，他和他的團隊從遠處拍攝這段視頻。「他身體很好，做這些事情的時候身體也很好。」
Known as the 「indigenous man in the hole」, he is believed to be the only survivor from an isolated tribe. He hunts forest pigs, birds and monkeys with a bow and arrow and traps prey in hidden holes filled with sharpened staves of wood. He and his group were known for digging holes and his hammock is strung over one in his house.
據信，他被稱為「土著洞人」，是孤立部落唯一的倖存者。他用弓箭獵捕森林裡的豬、鳥和猴子，並將獵物困在裝滿鋒利木棍的隱蔽洞里。他和他的團隊以挖洞聞名，他的吊床也掛在家裡的一個洞上面。
Loggers, farmers and land grabbers murdered and expelled indigenous populations in the area in the 1970s and 1980s, and the man is believed to be the only survivor of a group of six killed during an attack by farmers in 1995. He was first located in 1996 and has been monitored by Funai ever since. A glimpse of his face filmed in 1998 was shown in the Brazilian documentary Corumbiara.
20世紀70年代和80年代，伐木者、農民和土地掠奪者在該地區殺害並驅逐了當地土著居民。據信，這名男子是在1995年農民襲擊中被殺害的6人中的唯一倖存者。他於1996年首次被發現，從那以後一直受到巴西土著機構的監視。直到1998年，在巴西紀錄片《Corumbiara》中首次展示了他的臉。
Funai has a policy of avoiding contact with isolated groups and has protected his area since the 1990s. The indigenous reserve of Tanaru was legally set up in 2015. Axes, machetes and seeds traditionally planted by indigenous people have been left for the man to find, Algayer said, but he clearly wants nothing to do with mainstream society.
巴西土著機構負責保持土著人生活在一個獨立的環境中，自上世紀90年代以來，該機構一直在保護著他生活的這片地區。塔納魯土著保護區於2015年合法成立。阿爾蓋爾說，該機構已經留下了土著人傳統種植需要的斧頭、砍刀和種子以便他去尋找，但他顯然不想與主流社會有任何關係。
「I understand his decision,」 said Algayer. 「It is his sign of resistance, and a little repudiation, hate, knowing the story he went through.」
「我理解他的決定，」阿爾蓋爾說。「這是他反抗的標誌，還帶有一點批判和仇恨，他很清楚他經歷了什麼。」
Fiona Watson, the research and advocacy director of Survival International, a non-profit group that works to protect indigenous peoples, described the footage as 「extraordinary」 given that the 8,070 hectares of protected forest the man lives in is completely surrounded by ranches and farms.
致力於保護土著居民的非營利組織「國際生存」的研究與倡導主任菲奧娜?沃森稱，考慮到這名男子居住的8070公頃的保護森林完全被牧場和農場包圍，這段錄像拍攝「十分難得」。
「Funai has a duty to show that he is well and alive,」 she said. 「The crucial thing is Funai has managed to keep his territory.」
她說:「巴西土著機構有責任證明他活得好好的。」「最重要的是，該機構一直在保護著他生活的這片區域。」
Survivors of other indigenous groups in the region have described how farmers shot at their backs when they fled raids on their villages, Watson said. In 2005, she joined a Funai mission to the reserve and saw the holes the man had dug around his territory, his house and his plantations, though she did not see him.
沃特森說，該地區其他土著部落的倖存者描述了當他們躲避襲擊時農民在他們的村莊里是如何射殺他們的。2005年，她前往保護區參加一項土著機構的任務，看到了這個男人在他的領地、他的房子和種植園周圍挖的洞，儘管她沒有看到他。
Funai specialists believe there are 113 uncontacted tribes living in the Brazilian Amazon – of which 27 groups have been confirmed – and one tribe living outside. There were also 15 uncontacted tribes in Peru, Watson said, and others in Bolivia, Ecuador and Colombia. Tribes hunt with blowpipes and bows and arrows and while their languages belong to linguistic groups, or 「trunks」, they can also differ wildly from each other.
土著機構的專家認為，在巴西亞馬遜地區生活著113個與世隔絕的部落，其中27個已經得到證實，還有一個部落住在外面。沃森說，秘魯還有15個與世隔絕的部落，玻利維亞、厄瓜多和哥倫比亞也有其他部落。部落用吹管和弓箭打獵，而他們的語言屬於語言群體，或「trunks」 （土著語言溝通的特殊方式），他們之間也有很大的差異。
Some tribes are nomadic hunter-gatherers and fishers – such as the Awá, in Maranh?o state on the eastern side of the Amazon, who like the 「indigenous man in the hole」 live in smaller reserves that are essentially oases of forest surrounded by deforested land. Others, including some living on the Amazon』s western fringes, plant bananas, corn, potatoes and other crops. In these areas near the Peruvian border, it is believed that isolated groups could have fled a rubber boom a century ago, when many indigenous peoples were enslaved, and have avoided contact ever since. More groups have been discovered as the Amazon is progressively destroyed.
有些部落是游牧式的狩獵採集者和漁民——比如亞馬遜東部馬蘭浩州的阿瓦人，他們像「土著洞人」一樣生活在面積較小的保護區里，這些保護區基本上是森林綠洲，周圍是被砍伐的土地。其他的，包括一些生活在亞馬遜西部邊緣的人，種植香蕉、玉米、土豆和其他農作物。在秘魯邊境附近的這些地區，人們相信，在一個世紀前的橡膠熱潮中許多土著居民被奴役，因此那些孤立的團體試圖逃離，從那以後他們就一直避免接觸。隨著亞馬遜逐漸被摧毀，更多的群體被人們發現。
「The irony is we are finding out there are more of these isolated people than we thought. But it』s also worrying that their cover is being blown,」 said Watson.
「諷刺的是，我們發現的這些孤立的人比我們想像的要多。但同時也讓人擔心的是，他們的掩飾被揭穿了。」沃特森說。
微信關注「世界播」，天下大事盡在掌握！中英雙語呈現，還可以加強英語學習哦！這事你怎麼看？歡迎留言探討
※Facebook大規模宕機，全球網友跟著崩潰！樂觀者：歡迎回到現實！
※地球最後的凈土也遭污染！南極洲發現塑料和有害化學物質……
TAG:世界播 |