英國將像給女孩一樣給男孩注射HPV疫苗。英語讀頭條

The HPV vaccine will be given to boys as well as girls in England

英國將像給女孩一樣給男孩注射HPV疫苗

HPV ：human papillomavirus 人乳頭狀瘤病毒

HPV病毒是人類乳頭瘤病毒的縮寫，有很多變種，HPV16和18型長期感染與女性宮頸癌有關。

A vaccine against the human papillomavirus, or HPV, will be given to boys in England for the first time, the UK government announced on Tuesday.

英國政府星期二宣布，將首次在英國對男童接種人類乳頭狀瘤病毒（HPV）疫苗。

vaccine [v?k?si:n] n.疫苗，痘苗 adj.痘苗的，疫苗的

The injection -- which protects boys against the virus, which can cause oral, throat and anal cancer -- will be given to teens aged 12 to 13.

這個疫苗能保護男童免受病毒感染，而這類病毒會導致口腔癌、喉癌和肛門癌，這種疫苗是注射給12至13歲男孩的。

Thousands of boys are expected to receive the HPV vaccine each year, beginning from 2019.

預計從2019年開始，每年有數千名男孩接受HPV疫苗接種。

The vaccine is already routinely offered to girls of the same age. Tuesday"s announcement brings English health policy into line with that in Scotland and Wales. Few other countries in the world offer the injection to both genders.

目前這種疫苗在英國同年齡女孩中已常規性接種。星期二發布的聲明使英格蘭的衛生政策與蘇格蘭和威爾士的政策相一致。 目前世界上幾乎還沒有幾個國家同時向男性和女性注射這種疫苗。

It is thought the vaccine will also helpreduce the overall number of cervical cancers in women, through a process known as "herd immunity."

據認為，疫苗, 通過一個被稱為「群體免疫力」的過程，也會有助於減少婦女宮頸癌的總體數量。

"This extended program offers us the opportunity to make HPV-related diseases a thing of the past and build on the success of the girls" program, which has already reduced the prevalence of HPV 16 and 18, the main cancer-causing types, by over 80%," said Mary Ramsay, head of immunizations at Public Health England, in a statement.

英國公共衛生部的免疫部門的負責人Mary Ramsay在一份聲明中說：「這個延伸計劃為我們提供了一個機會，使HPV相關疾病成為過去，它是建立在女孩計劃的成功基礎上，這已經使主要致癌類型的HPV 16和18的的流行程度降低了80%以上。」

prevalence [?pr?v?l?ns] n.流行;盛行;普遍;（疾病等的）流行程度

How does the vaccine work?

這個疫苗怎麼有效呢？

HPV is a group of 150 related viruses that can be transmitted through any form of sexual contact, whether kissing or intercourse. In most cases, the human body will get rid of it naturally, but certain high-risk types can develop into things like genital warts and cancers.

HPV是一組由150種相關病毒組成的病毒，它們可以通過任何形式的性接觸傳播，無論是接吻還是性交。在大多數情況下，人體會自然擺脫它，但某些高危類型可以發展成像生殖器疣和癌症之類的東西。

However the vaccine is a mimic of the virus particle; when administered into someone"s muscle, it creates many more antibodies than a natural infection would, according to John Doorbar, professor of viral pathogenesis at the University of Cambridge.

但是，據劍橋大學病毒病學教授John Doorbar說，疫苗是這種病毒粒子的模擬物，當被注射到人的肌肉中時，它會產生比自然感染更多的抗體。

According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, "almost every person who is sexually active will get HPV at some time in their life if they don"t get the HPV vaccine."

根據美國疾病控制和預防中心的報告指出，「幾乎每一個性生活正常的人，如果他們沒有接種HPV疫苗，在他們的生命中早晚會得到HPV。」

The vaccine needs to be given before a person is exposed to HPV. Its effectiveness in terms of preventing infections is well known --100% in some studies.

這個疫苗需要在人被感染HPV之前注射。它在預防感染方面的有效性是眾所周知的——在一些研究中是100%。

In England, between 2010 and 2016, infections with HPV 16 and 18 fell 86% among women 16 to 21 who were eligible for the vaccine during this period, Public Health England found.

英國衛生部發現，在英國，2010至2016年間，HPV 16和18的感染率在16至21歲接受了疫苗注射的女性中下降了86%。

每天學點英語，其實很有必要

喜歡這篇文章嗎？立刻分享出去讓更多人知道吧！