救命血成殺人利器？美國葯監局警告：血庫驚現致命鼠藥毒素！
Deadly rat poison from synthetic marijuana found in US blood banks, FDA warns
美國食品和藥物管理局警告說，美國血庫中發現的合成大麻中含有致命的鼠藥毒素
來源：英國《每日郵報》 翻譯：世界播
Synthetic marijuana that can cause fatal bleeding has been found in several samples donated plasma, the Food and Drug Administration warned on Thursday.
食品和藥物管理局周四警告說，在捐贈的幾份血漿樣本中發現了可導致致命出血的合成大麻。
Popular illegal cannabinoids - known by names like "K2" and "Spice" - have been linked to hundreds of cases of severe bleeding and several deaths in the US in the last year.
以「K2」和「Spice」等命名的常見非法大麻素與美國去年發生的數百例嚴重出血和數起死亡事件有關。
The danger does not stop with the users. The drug has a very long half-life and can remain in blood after a person donates, leaving an already weakened recipient with a transfusion of blood that won"t clot.
危險不會隨著用戶停葯而停止。這種藥物半衰期很長，在一個人獻血後可留在血液中，給已經虛弱的受血者輸血，使血液不會凝結。
Earlier this year, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a similar warning to blood banks, but it is up to the discretion of each donation center to decide if and how to screen its donors.
今年早些時候，食品和藥物管理局也向血庫發出了類似的警告，但是否以及如何對獻血者進行篩查則由各獻血中心自行決定。
However, the new warnings come amid the emergency shortages across the US, declared by the Red Cross as well as states like New York, Illinois and Colorado.
然而，新的警告是在美國各地血樣緊急短缺之際發出的，紅十字會以及紐約、伊利諾斯州和科羅拉多等州都發布了這一警告。
Synthetic marijuana contaminated with a rat poison that stops blood from clotting has been found in several samples of donated plasma, the FDA warned Thursday
食品和藥物管理局周四警告說，在捐贈的幾份血漿樣本中發現了被鼠藥毒素污染的合成大麻，這種鼠藥毒素能阻止血液凝固
Synthetic marijuana has gained popularity as a recreational way to get "high" in recent years. The drug is illegal and unregulated and its contents vary widely from distributor to distributor.
近年來，合成大麻作為一種令人興奮的休閑方式越來越受歡迎。這種藥物是非法和不受管制的，其成分因經銷商而異。
One of the ingredients detected in a number of samples - though the FDA stopped short of specifying just how many - is a rat poison called brodifacoum.
在許多樣本中檢測到的成分之一是一種叫溴鼠靈的鼠藥，儘管食品和藥物管理局沒有說明樣本具體的數量。
The substance has a long half-life, and the FDA said in its statement it has "heard" that synthetic marijuana makers use brodifacoum to prolong the "high" or euphoric feeling the drug is supposed to induce.
這種物質半衰期很長，食品和藥物管理局在聲明中說，它聽聞合成大麻製造商使用溴鼠靈來延長這種藥物帶來的興奮感。
But it isn"t only the high that lasts longer. Brodifacoum prevents blood from clotting for weeks or even months.
但持續時間更長的不僅僅是興奮感。溴鼠靈可在數周甚至數月內防止血液凝固。
With or without the rat poison, synthetic marijuana uses chemicals that mimic cannabis by binding to the same receptors in the brain.
無論有無鼠藥，合成大麻都使用化學物質，通過與大腦中相同的受體結合來模擬大麻。
Often, they are many times more powerful than the psychoactive ingredient in marijuana (THC) itself is.
通常，它們比大麻本身的精神活性成分強大許多倍。
This can lead to host of worrisome and even dangerous symptoms: nausea and vomiting, chest pain, rapid heart beats, high blood pressure, black outs, suicidal thoughts and violent or psychotic behaviors.
這會導致許多令人擔憂甚至危險的癥狀：噁心嘔吐、胸痛、心跳加速、高血壓、昏厥、自殺念頭以及暴力或精神病行為。
Its effects on blood pressure interfere with the flow to the heart, can damage the kidneys and cause seizures, the FDA warns.
食品和藥物管理局警告說，它對血壓的影響會干擾心臟的血流，損害腎臟並導致癲癇發作。
It has also been linked to outbreaks of horrifying eye-bleeding in several states, including Illinois.
它還與伊利諾伊州等幾個州駭人的眼出血事件有關。
Just yesterday, officials in Washington, DC, announced that they are investigating four recent deaths they suspect are linked to a bad batch of K2. The substance has also caused some 140 illnesses in the US, predominantly in the Midwest.
就在昨天，華盛頓特區的官員宣布，他們正在調查最近的四起死亡事件，他們懷疑與一批劣質K2有關。這種物質還在美國引起了大約140種疾病，主要是在中西部。
The FDA, and the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) have been staging a crack down on the drugs, but they are still cropping up on the shelves of convenience stores and smoke shops.
食品和藥物管理局和藥品監督管理局一直在打擊這些毒品，但在便利店和煙草店仍有售出。
"Despite our efforts, certain entities continue to bypass state and federal drug laws by making and distributing these products – often marked or labeled as "not for human consumption" – and changing the structure of the synthetic chemicals to try to skirt legal requirements," the FDA said in its statement.
食品和藥物管理局在聲明中說，「儘管我們作出了努力，但某些實體還是繼續繞開州和聯邦藥品法，製造和銷售這些產品——通常被標記或貼上「非人類消費」的標籤——並改變合成化學品的結構，試圖規避法律要求。」
Furthermore, "the presence of brodifacoum in these illegal compounds poses a significant public health hazard," the FDA said, and the agency has already heard several reports of "blood product" donors who had used synthetic marijuana.
此外，食品和藥物管理局說，「這些非法化合物中含有溴鼠靈，對公眾健康構成嚴重危害。」該局已經收到數起有關「血液製品」捐贈者使用合成大麻的報告。
In its previous memo to blood banks, the FDA said that it had only detected contamination in Source Plasma donations, rather than in samples of whole blood intended for transfusion.
在先前給血庫的內部通知中，食品和藥物管理局說它只檢測到等離子體源捐獻中的污染，而不能檢測出用於輸血的全血樣本中的污染。
But the agency wants to send a stern warning that blood banks should not accept donations from people who have or may have used synthetic marijuana, in case it contained brodifacoum.
但該機構希望發出嚴厲警告，血庫不應接受曾經或可能使用過合成大麻的人的捐贈，以防其中含有溴鼠靈。
Because the rat poison stops the body from reusing vitamin K, these patients would need aggressive, fairly long-term supplemental treatments to replace the coagulating vitamin.
因為鼠藥阻止了身體對維生素K的再利用，這些病人需要積極的、時間相當長的補充治療來替代凝結的維生素。
The FDA"s general blood donor eligibility requirements state that a donor has to be "in good health and free of transfusion-transmitted infections."
食品和藥物管理局對獻血者資格的一般要求是，獻血者必須「身體健康，沒有輸血傳播的感染」。
Blood bank physicians have discretion to determine what exactly typically through questions asked to potential donors.
血庫醫生有酌處權，可以通過向潛在獻血者提問來確定獻血資格。
So far, the FDA has not introduced additional screening requirements, but promised in its statement that it will "continue issue and take additional steps as appropriate along with our federal partners at the CDC and DEA, state and local health departments, and blood establishments."
到目前為止，食品和藥物管理局還沒有提出額外的篩查要求，但在聲明中它承諾，將「與我們在疾病防治中心和毒品管制局、州和地方衛生部門以及血液機構的聯邦合作夥伴一起繼續發布和採取適當的額外措施」。
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