美宗教界爆出性醜聞 | 華盛頓郵報
原標題：美宗教界爆出性醜聞 | 華盛頓郵報
When Theodore McCarrick arrived in D.C. in 2001 to be the region』s Catholic archbishop, it was clear right away that he was something very rare: a celebrity priest.
西奧多·麥卡里克2001年到華盛頓擔任該地區的天主教大主教時，人們立馬認識到他與眾不同：他是一個明星牧師。
The vivacious cleric reportedly had spent time with famous Americans such as Bing Crosby and the Hearst family. He was a prolific fundraiser for big-name Catholic groups from right to left, and valued for his connection to Pope John Paul II, who dispatched McCarrick to hot spots worldwide as his diplomat. President George W. Bush, also new in town that January, marked his first private dinner in D.C. by going to the home of the new archbishop.
這位生氣勃勃的教士結交平·克勞斯貝和赫斯特家族等美國名流，頻頻為左右兩翼知名天主教團體籌款，他與教皇約翰·保祿二世關係密切，保祿任命他為特使奔赴世界各熱點地區。小布希總統1月剛到華府，第一頓私家晚宴就在這些新主教家中。
McCarrick』s gilded résumé stood in striking contrast to his public demeanor, that of a self-effacing do-gooder who, in a city full of egos and polish, wore rumpled clothes and exhibited a voracious drive to help others.
麥卡尼克的簡歷金光閃閃，這與他的公眾舉止截然不同，他是個謙虛的好人，在一個充滿自我和虛華的城市中，穿著皺巴巴的衣服，隨時都準備幫助別人。
「I wish I were a holier man, more prayerful, more trusting in God, wiser and courageous,」 he said at his first D.C. news conference. 「But here I am with all my faults and all my needs, and we will work together.」
「我希望自己能更高貴、更虔誠、更相信上帝、更睿智、更勇敢，」他在華盛頓的第一場新聞發布會上說。「但我現在罪孽深重，任重道遠，我們會共同努力。」
McCarrick』s 「faults and needs」 are being considered in a new light after he became the first cardinal in U.S. history to resign from the post.
麥卡尼克成為美國歷史上第一位辭職的大主教，人們正以新的眼光看待他的「罪過和任務」。
The resignation, accepted by Pope Francis, followed explosive allegations that the cleric sexually abused adolescents and sexually harassed seminarians and young priests under his authority.
方濟各教皇接受了他的辭職，此前這位教士被爆性虐未成年人並性騷擾神學院學生和歸自己管轄的年輕牧師。
The accusations have shocked and devastated McCarrick』s many fans, leaving some to conclude that their hero apparently lived a double life. But to others who worked closely with him over the decades, the cardinal was always a more complex figure than his saintly public reputation conveyed. He was a man of enormous personal ambition, a skillful politician and, at times, shrewdly calculating, according to interviews with Catholic officials and others who knew and worked with him.
這些指控讓麥卡尼克的許多愛戴者難以置信、三觀盡碎，有人認為他們心中的英雄是個「兩面人」。但也有些數十年與他親密共事的人認為，這位主教一向都比他的聖潔公譽要複雜得多。認識他並與他共事過的天主教官員等人認為，他野心很大，是一個高超的政客，常常精於算計。
McCarrick stated his innocence after the first allegation that he abused a 16-year-old decades ago, which led to his suspension from ministry. He has since been in seclusion and has not responded to requests for comment.
第一次被控幾十年前虐待一名16歲兒童時，麥卡尼克稱自己是無辜的 ，但這導致他停職。自此以後，他離群索居，不接受採訪。
McCarrick』s civil attorney, Barry Coburn, has declined to comment. McCarrick』s canonical attorney, Michael Ritty, declined to comment after the initial allegation and has not responded to repeated additional requests for comment. The Vatican has opened a case on McCarrick that could result in a church trial. Possible outcomes include defrocking and exoneration.
麥卡尼克的民事律師巴里·科伯恩拒絕發表評論。麥卡尼克的教事律師邁克爾·里蒂一直都拒絕接受採訪。梵蒂岡對麥卡尼克立案，這可能導致一場教會審判。可能的結果包括解除教職和免罪。
In 1988, McCarrick co-founded the Papal Foundation, a nonprofit organization that raises millions for the Vatican. He sometimes rushed to the side of the country』s wealthiest Catholics in their times of personal crisis, following up to raise money later, according to two people who witnessed such interactions.
1988年，麥卡尼克與人共同創建了教皇基金會，這是一個為梵蒂岡籌集了大筆資金的非盈利組織。兩個在場證人說，他有時會找上美國最富裕的天主教徒，他們當時正遭遇個人危機，然後就籌到了錢。
「The Papal Foundation was a huge point of leverage for him in terms of going to Rome,」 said Steve Schneck, the longtime head of the Institute for Policy Research and Catholic Studies at Catholic University. Schneck worked often with McCarrick. 「There is not a Catholic organization in the United States he hasn』t raised money for.」
「教皇基金會是他前往羅馬的跳板，」天主教大學政策研究和天主教研究所主任史蒂夫·施內克說。「美國沒有一家天主教機構沒找他籌過錢。」
Schneck admired McCarrick, but others used less favorable terms to describe him.
「He was a climber,」 said someone who worked closely with McCarrick in the past. Like several others in this report, the person spoke on the condition of anonymity so as not to violate the church』s protocol that only official spokespeople discuss McCarrick.
施內克仰慕麥卡尼克，但也有人話說得不太好聽。「他是個攀爬者，」過去和麥卡尼克共事過的人說。和記者採訪的其他人一樣，這個人要求匿名，以避免違反教規，只有官方發言人才能討論麥卡尼克。
McCarrick』s popularity and his enormous stature as an emissary for the church and as a prolific fundraiser for Catholic causes may have helped protect him over the years as other, whispered words were added to his reputation: harasser, groper, violator of his vows of celibacy.
興許麥卡尼克的名氣和他作為教會使者以及天主教事業大籌資者的崇高地位這麼多年讓他安然無恙，但私下裡，人們這樣說他：性騷擾者、咸豬手、口頭的獨身主義者。
Settlements and rumors of abuse
Although allegations that McCarrick abused adolescents surfaced only last month, when the Vatican suspended the 88-year-old, there had for decades been rumors in church and journalistic circles about his behavior with seminarians. These ranged from talk of an unwanted hand on a knee to chatter on conservative Catholic blogs citing anonymous deions of sex parties.
儘管指控麥卡尼克虐待青少年六月才浮出水面，當時梵蒂岡教廷暫停了這位88歲大主教的教職，幾十年來，宗教界和記者圈子裡一直傳說他與神學院學生的事。這些傳言包括他把手肆意放在別人膝蓋上以及保守派天主教博客中有人匿名描述他參加性聚會。
The day he was suspended, two New Jersey dioceses made public that they had fielded three complaints from budding priests against McCarrick and had settled two of the cases.
他被停職當天，兩名新澤西教長表明他們收到三名年輕牧師對麥卡尼克的指控，解決了其中兩件。
Last week, Albany priest Desmond Rossi became the first cleric to go on record as saying McCarrick』s casual touches during seminary in the 1980s made him uncomfortable. Rossi told the Jesuit magazine America that he thinks McCarrick』s conduct at the time fueled inappropriate behavior among seminarians, which he said forced him to transfer to another seminary outside of McCarrick』s jurisdiction.
上周，奧爾巴尼牧師戴斯蒙德·羅西成為第一個記錄在案的教士，表示麥卡尼克上世紀八十年代在神學院對他亂摸讓他感到不舒服。羅西對耶穌會雜誌《美國》說，他認為麥卡尼克當時的行為導致神學院學生間的不適當行為，他說自己被迫轉到麥卡尼克教區外的另一家神學院。
Some who had heard the rumors and allegations surrounding McCarrick said they did not speak out because he was so greatly admired for his role in the church. But there are other possible reasons McCarrick』s alleged actions are coming to light only now.
那些聽說傳言和對麥卡尼克指控的人說他們沒有說出去，因為他在教會裡受人敬仰。但麥卡尼克現在才暴露也可能另有原因。
Some at the time dismissed as unreliable the attacks on McCarrick, who was often seen as left-leaning, because they came largely from conservative bloggers. That same impulse appears to now be leading some conservatives eager to find fault with the Pope Francis era to highlight the McCarrick case.
當時有些人認為對麥卡尼克的攻擊是左傾的，因此不可信，他們主要是保守派博主。正是這種衝動現在正讓一些保守主義者熱心於在方濟各教皇時代挑錯，把麥卡尼克暴露了。
Conservative blogs have been filled in recent days with rumors that Francis』s U.S. allies — cardinals including Joe Tobin of Newark and Blase Cupich in Chicago — are close to McCarrick, an effort to tarnish Francis by association. One inaccurately said McCarrick and Tobin worked together.
保守主義博客最近幾天傳言方濟各教皇的美國盟友——包括紐瓦克的喬·托賓和芝加哥的巴拉斯·庫皮克在內的大主教——與麥卡尼克關係很近，通過外圍來抹黑方濟各。有一個人說麥卡尼克和托賓曾共事，這是不準確的。
There is also a long-standing deference within the Catholic Church to upholding institutional hierarchy and protocol, even in an extreme case like this. Priests, cardinals and bishops have said they told the Vatican years ago about McCarrick — either about the rumors or about the two legal settlements New Jersey dioceses reached with him in the early 2000s — and there』s no evidence anything was ever done.
天主教會中也有一種順從的傳統，支持體制和儀軌，即便目前這種情況。牧師、紅衣主教和主教都說，他們多年前就對梵蒂岡反映過麥卡尼克，或是有關他的謠言，或是兩位新澤西教長在本世紀初和他達成的法律和解，沒有證據顯示梵蒂岡有所作為。
Victims never heard from Rome, and McCarrick was functioning as a priest until a few weeks ago, speaking to Catholic audiences and performing weddings and baptisms.
受害者沒有得到羅馬的回應，麥克尼克幾周前還是牧師，可以向天主教信眾佈道，主持婚禮和做彌撒。
Requests from The Washington Post for comment from Rome haven』t been returned for weeks.
《華盛頓郵報》要求羅馬做出回應，幾周內沒有迴音。
A friend to celebrities
McCarrick』s career stood out from the start.
麥卡尼克的生涯從一開始就出類拔萃。
Many ambitious Catholic clerics spend time in seminary and graduate school in Rome, making connections around the Vatican.
許多有抱負的天主教教士混跡於羅馬的神學院和研究生院，打通梵蒂岡的關係。
Yet McCarrick spent much of his early career in the New York City area, where he had grown up. He graduated from Fordham University, attended seminary in Yonkers, N.Y., and was ordained a priest in New York City, cementing connections that helped speed his rise later on.
但麥卡尼克早期大部分時間都在紐約市，他在這裡長大。他從福特漢姆大學畢業，進入紐約揚克斯神學院，並被任命為紐約牧師，鞏固了日後讓他發達的關係。
His first assignment was as dean of students and fundraising at Catholic University in D.C., the bishops』 own university.
他的第一份工作是華盛頓天主教大學教導處和籌款主任，這是主教們自己的大學。
He was then named president of a Catholic university in Puerto Rico at age 35 and then secretary, in the mid-1970s, to the cardinal of New York City.
此後，35歲的他被任命為波多黎各天主教大學校長。七十年代中期，成為紐約市紅衣主教秘書。
From there, McCarrick began an unbroken stream of promotions, garnering some of the nation』s highest civic and religious honors. He was taken as a young priest under the wing of two powerful New York City cleric-bosses — Cardinal Francis Spellman, and Cardinal Terence James Cooke, whom McCarrick served through the 1970s.
從此，麥卡尼克青雲直上，獲得多個國家最高的俗世和宗教榮譽。他得到紐約市兩個大教士紅衣主教弗朗西斯·斯貝爾曼和紅衣主教特倫西·詹姆斯·庫克的庇護，麥凱尼克在七十年代一直給他們工作。
「He had what we call the 『godfathers,』 of the church,」 said the person who worked for years with McCarrick.
「他有我們所說的教會「教父」可以依靠，」一位和麥卡尼克共事過的人說。
Around that time, McCarrick was becoming a jet-setting fundraiser, said James, 60, who lives in Loudoun County, Va., and earlier this month accused McCarrick of sexually abusing him from age 11 or so until he was in his early 30s in an interview with The New York Times. He lived in New Jersey when the abuse began, he says.
那時，麥卡尼克成為闊綽的籌款人，住在勞登縣60歲的詹姆斯本月初接受《紐約時報》採訪時說，他指責麥克尼克從他11歲時就開始虐待他，直到自己三十多歲。他說受性虐期間，他住在新澤西。
James, who spoke to The Post on the condition that his last name not be used, filed a police report on July 17 with the Loudoun County Sheriff』s Office, a copy of which The Post has seen.
詹姆斯接受《華盛頓郵報》採訪時要求不要透露他的姓氏，他7月17日去勞登縣派出所報警，《郵報》看到了報警副本。
James』s extended family was close to McCarrick, who had baptized him as a baby, he said. Through his later teens and 20s, James told that he attended many fundraising dinners with McCarrick, as well as meetings with potential donors in various places, including Northern California, Chicago and Boston.
詹姆斯的親戚與麥卡尼克有關係，他說麥卡尼克還給他洗禮。他十幾歲二十幾歲時，參加了麥卡尼克的籌款晚宴並與各地的潛在捐贈者會晤，包括北卡羅來納、芝加哥和波士頓等地。
In 1974, when James was a teenager, he said McCarrick took several trips to California to console the Catholic millionaire publishing family of Patty Hearst, who was kidnapped by leftist radicals. James』s family had moved by then to the West Coast. James』s sister told The Post that she recalled the visits, as well.
1974年，詹姆斯是個少年時，他說麥卡尼克來過幾次加州，安慰天主教百萬富翁派蒂·赫斯特家，左翼極端主義分子綁架了赫斯特。詹姆斯家當時搬到了西岸。詹姆斯的妹妹對《華盛頓郵報》說，她也記得當時麥卡尼克多次來加州。
Later, McCarrick made use of the relationship to raise money from the family, James said.
詹姆斯說，後來，麥卡尼克利用這種關係從他們家籌款。
James also said McCarrick visited and solicited donations from Bing Crosby, who, like the Hearsts, was Catholic. McCarrick delivered the homily at Crosby』s New York funeral Mass, but a spokesman for the Crosby family said that while 「Bing hardly ever turned down a request from a priest,」 he could not easily locate records of such donations.
詹姆斯還說，麥卡尼克還造訪了平·克勞斯貝，並向他們募捐，克勞斯貝和赫斯特一家人一樣，都是天主教徒。麥卡尼克在克勞斯貝的紐約葬禮彌撒上佈道，但克勞斯貝家族發言人說，「平很少拒絕牧師的請求」，他記不住這種捐助。
James said he then fell into a damaging pattern with McCarrick for the next two decades, and spent time with the priest — including in sexual encounters. Often McCarrick was traveling for pastoral and fundraising trips, and he would bring James along, the man said.
詹姆斯說，此後二十年，他開始受到麥卡尼克的傷害，他和麥卡尼克在一起，兩人發生性關係。詹姆斯說，麥卡尼克佈道或籌款旅行會帶上詹姆斯。
「Sometimes he』d just speak at the table, he』d give a homily, the after-dinner homily,」 James said. 「We』d be in a private dining area, and everybody would just open their purses and … write checks. All they』d say is, 『Who do I make the checks out to?』 」
「有時他會坐在桌旁佈道，飯後佈道，」他說。「我們在一個私人用餐區，所有人都會掏錢包，寫支票。他們會說，我的支票寫給誰？」
McCarrick had a core pitch: 「We have so much, they have so little. We need to speak the word of God so they have something,」 James recalled.
麥卡尼克一本正經地說：「我們應有盡有，他們一無所有，我們要以上帝之語，讓他們擁有。」詹姆斯回憶說。
In the 1980s, McCarrick was among those who established the Papal Foundation, meant to support the Vatican during an Italian banking crisis. Wealthy donors pledge a minimum of $1 million; the group has an endowment of $215 million, according to its site.
八十年代，麥卡尼克與人共同創建了教皇基金會，旨在在義大利銀行危機期間支持梵蒂岡。富有的捐贈者承諾最少出100萬美元；網站顯示，該組織募集了2.15億美元。
The person who worked with McCarrick in the past said McCarrick worked hard to woo Pope John Paul II, leaving his diocese to see the pope whenever possible. McCarrick traveled to Cuba and Mexico during John Paul』s visits to those countries.
過去與麥卡尼克共事的人說，麥卡尼克費盡心機討好教皇保祿二世，只要有機會就丟下教區覲見教皇。麥卡尼克在教皇訪問古巴和墨西哥時跟隨而去。
「Wherever the pope was, he was. He tried to be noticed,」 the person said. He said McCarrick became somewhat close to John Paul』s secretary, the Polish Cardinal Stanislaw Dziwisz, which helped him get closer to the pope.
「教皇在哪兒，他就在哪兒。他要讓教皇注意到自己。」他說麥卡尼克與教皇保祿的秘書、波蘭紅衣主教斯坦尼斯瓦夫·齊維茲走得很近，齊維茲幫他接近教皇。
When the pope came to the United States in 1995, he flew directly to Newark.
教皇在1995年到訪美國時，他直接飛去紐瓦克。
McCarrick 「was just a genius at schmoozing,」 said the Rev. Boniface Ramsey, a New York City priest who worked at a New Jersey seminary when McCarrick was bishop there. 「I think it was all to suck up to John Paul II.」
「麥卡尼克是個拍馬屁的天才，」紐約牧師邦尼費斯·拉姆齊說。麥卡尼克在新澤西任主教時，他在新澤西神學院工作。「我認為他只管拍教皇的馬屁。」
Yet McCarrick』s decades of pavement-pounding for money were part of the reason he was considered so holy.
但麥卡尼克幾十年來紮實募錢是他被認為如此神聖的部分原因。
He was raising many millions for needy causes, from persecuted religious minorities in the Middle East to aid for immigrants to low-cost housing. He helped groups from the political right to left, from the Knights of Columbus to Catholic Relief Services.
他為弱勢群體募集了很多錢，包括中東受迫害的宗教少數派、移民援助和廉價房。他幫助左右兩翼的團體，既有哥倫布騎士會，也有戰爭救濟服務社。
Although he also raised money for conservative causes, he was often viewed as left-leaning, primarily because he focused on causes such as alleviating poverty and supporting immigration rather than efforts against abortion and in support of Catholic views on sexuality.
儘管他也為保守派的事業籌款，但他經常被認為左傾，因為他專註於扶貧和支持移民等事業，而非反對墮胎並支持天主教對性的觀點。
He was also unusually public in the early 2000s in speaking out for survivors of clerical sex abuse; he was involved in the church』s efforts to write policies aimed at preventing abuse and was an early advocate for zero-tolerance for priests who abuse.
新世紀初，他還不同尋常地露面為教會性虐的倖存者疾呼，他還參與起草政策，旨在避免性虐，還是對性虐牧師零容忍的早期倡導者。
McCarrick』s ambition and fundraising prowess were not considered self-enriching. Some who worked with him over the years said that when it came to himself, the cardinal was thrifty and lived very simply. He wore an old raincoat, and his staff one year gave him a Macy』s gift card so he would get some new clothes.
人們不認為麥卡尼克的野心和籌款能力是為了自肥。這些年來和他共事過的人說，這位紅衣主教對自己很摳門，生活簡樸。他穿著一件破舊的雨衣，有一年，他的手下給了他一張梅西禮品券，好讓他買幾件新衣服。
「He had no entourage, wasn』t pompous, unlike traditional powers in the church and public life,」 said a person active in church organizations who collaborated on causes with McCarrick. The person spoke on the condition of anonymity because he said he was concerned about being identified as speaking favorably about McCarrick, given the allegations that have surfaced.
「他沒有隨從，沒有架子，不像教會和公眾生活中許多大佬那樣張揚，」一個在教會組織中和麥卡尼克共事的人說。這個人要求匿名，因為他擔心被認為說麥卡尼克好話，畢竟這些指控已經曝光。
In 2001, McCarrick was awarded the position of D.C. archbishop — a relatively small city but because of its prominence as the U.S. capital, a post viewed as the ticket to an automatic 「red hat,」 or cardinal spot. Indeed, he became a cardinal that year.
2001年，麥卡尼克被授予華盛頓特區大主教，儘管城市不大，因為是美國首都，這裡被認為晉陞紅衣主教的通道。的確，他在當年成為紅衣主教。
About this time in the early 2000s, Pope John Paul II』s health was starting to fade, and the culture wars within the Catholic Church — intensified by the liberalizing Second Vatican Council of the 1960s — revved up even more as it became clear that there would soon be a new pope.
新世紀初，教皇保祿二世健康每況愈下，一位新教皇將登基，因此天主教會內部的文化戰爭愈加激烈，六十年代興起的第二次梵蒂岡大公會議讓戰爭更加激烈，後者思想相對自由。
It was also around this time that rumors about McCarrick and his treatment of seminarians seem to have spread further. Many of them were on a few conservative blogs, and contained anonymous, secondhand allegations that McCarrick had pressured young men studying to be priests to sleep in his bed. Some abuse watchdog sites published reports, as well.
也就在那時，有關麥卡尼克的傳言和他對神學院學生的做法開始傳播開來。許多事在一些保守派博客上爆出，其中有一些匿名的、二手的指控，說麥卡尼克迫使想當牧師的男生睡在自己的床上。一些性虐待監察網站也發表了一些報道。
But some Catholics who had heard the unsubstantiated rumors dismissed them as the product of church politics seeking to vilify those deemed too liberal. That remained the case in the following decade.
但有些天主教徒聽到這些證據不足的傳聞，將他們說成是教會政治的產品，有人要抹黑他們認為思想自由的人。十年間，他們的觀點一直如此。
Someone whose organization honored McCarrick said they looked into the rumors. The person spoke on the condition of anonymity because they didn』t want their work to be associated with the case.
一個挺麥克尼克機構的人說，他們看穿了謠言。這個人要求匿名，因為他們不想讓自己的工作和這件案子扯上關係。
「It sounded like disgruntled conservative Catholics. I didn』t give credence to the source,」 the person said. 「It seemed ideologically motivated.」
「聽起來像一些心存不滿的保守派天主教徒。我根本不信，」這個人說。「看起來都是出於意識形態的目的。」
As the rumors swirled in the early 2000s in certain pockets of the budding Catholic blogosphere, quietly the diocese of Metuchen, N.J., and the archdiocese of Newark were fielding three formal complaints about McCarrick and his treatment of seminarians and a young priest. Two were settled, the dioceses said in a statement last month, the day the Vatican suspended McCarrick, the first time any church office said on the record that there had been a complaint about the senior cleric.
新世紀初，謠言在一些新興天主教博客空間中甚囂塵上，而新澤西麥塔成教長和紐瓦克大教長對馬卡尼克提起三宗正式起訴。上個月教長們說，其中兩宗得到了解決。當天，梵蒂岡教廷暫停了麥卡尼克的教職。這是教職人員首次表示卷宗里有對高級教士的指控。
McCarrick retired as archbishop shortly after he turned 75, in 2006. It』s standard for bishops to offer their retirement to the Vatican at that age, but it』s common for them to keep working for years if both sides wish. McCarrick was a hard-working striver whose routine didn』t appear to slow until very recently.
2006年，75歲剛過的麥卡尼克退任大主教。75歲時向梵蒂岡教廷提出退休是慣例，但他們還可以干幾年，如果雙方都願意。麥卡尼克工作很賣力，直到最近都勁頭不減。
He remained extremely active in the church, traveling on diplomatic missions, fundraising and officiating weddings and baptisms.
他在教會中仍然非常活躍，出國承擔外交任務，籌款，主持婚禮和浸禮。
The person who worked with McCarrick said they suspect church leaders in Rome had chastised McCarrick in some way, telling him to pull back from public life. 「But he did whatever he damn well wanted,」 the person said.
與麥卡尼克共事的人說他們懷疑羅馬教廷以某種方式懲罰了麥卡尼克，告訴他退休。「但他還是一如既往。」
These days there are limits.
出來混早晚要還。
Now that he has been suspended from ministry and resigned, the globe-trotting, vivacious McCarrick is not allowed to wear clerical garb in public. He also may not present himself as a priest. His movements must be approved by the Vatican』s representative in Washington. However, in the privacy of his own room, McCarrick may still say Mass for himself.
他被停職並辭職，這位曾信步全球、活力四射的麥卡尼克不能在公共場合穿教袍，也不能當牧師了。他的行動必須得到梵蒂岡駐華盛頓代表的批准。然而在自己家中，麥卡尼克還可以給自己做彌撒。
TAG:英文聯播 |