Tuberculosis Risk Factors

Generally, persons at high risk for developing TB disease fall into two categories:

Persons who have been recently infected with TB bacteria

Persons with medical conditions that weaken the immune system

Persons who have been Recently Infected with TB Bacteria

Close contacts of a person with infectious TB disease

Persons who have immigrated from areas of the world with high rates of TB

Children less than 5 years of age who have a positive TB test

Groups with high rates of TB transmission, such as homeless persons, injection drug users, and persons with HIV infection

Persons who work or reside with people who are at high risk for TB in facilities or institutions such as hospitals, homeless shelters, correctional facilities, nursing homes, and residential homes for those with HIV

Persons with Medical Conditions that Weaken the Immune System

HIV infection

Substance abuse

Silicosis

Diabetes mellitus

Severe kidney disease

Low body weight

Organ transplants

Head and neck cancer

Medical treatments such as corticosteroids or organ transplant

Specialized treatment for rheumatoid arthritis or Crohn』s disease

結核病的高危人群

通常來說，結核病的高危人群可分為兩類：

近期感染了結核桿菌的人群

因疾病造成免疫力低下的人群

近期感染了結核桿菌的人群：

與結核病人密切接觸者

從結核病高發地區移民的人群

5歲以下結核病測試呈陽性的兒童

結核病高傳播率人群，如無家可歸者、注射吸毒者和艾滋病毒感染者

在醫院、無家可歸者收容所、懲教所、療養院和艾滋病毒攜帶者居住的設施或機構中與結核病高危人群一起工作或居住的人

因疾病造成免疫力低下的人群

HIV感染

濫用藥物

矽肺

糖尿病

嚴重腎臟疾病

體重輕

器官移植者

頭頸部腫瘤患者

藥物治療，如皮質醇激素或器官移植

類風濕性關節炎或克羅恩病的特殊治療

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