畫說黃山：十里紅妝唱徽商，千載名郡譜新章
FLOURISHING ANHUI 風華正安徽
一生痴絕處 無夢到徽州
I would have never dreamt of Huizhou being my dream land
「八山一水一分田」，這裡是一個山丘屏列嶺谷交錯的山區。前身是徽州地區，有著2300多年歷史，建市於1987年底，至今才31年，這是一個古老而年輕的城市。
「無徽不成商、無徽不成鎮」, 這裡是中國古代四大商幫之首的徽商故里。
「一生痴絕處，無夢到徽州 」，是明代著名戲劇家湯顯祖留下的千古絕唱。
「你們要有點雄心壯志，把黃山的牌子打出去!」這裡是中國現代旅遊的發祥地。
黃山市風光
A panoramic view of Huangshan
。。。。
That " 80 percent is mountainous area, 10 percent water area and 10 percent paddy field " is the practical description of the peaky land of former Huizhou Prefecture that had a history of more than 2,300 years, the city status was charted only 22 years ago at the end of 1987. Huangshan is a young city that inherits a brilliant history.
" No Hui merchants, no business, and no town is prosperous without Hui merchants" . Hui merchants, one of the four ancient merchant groups, originated from this area.
" I would have never dreamt of Huizhou being my dream land," this is the acclaimed verse left by Tang Xianzu, a famous dramatist in the Ming Dynasty.
" You should be ambitious and promote Mt. Huangshan to the world!" Hence, this area became the birthplace of modern Chinese tourism.
跡因人重，人因地傳
Famous places and famous people
始信峰晨曦
Shixin Peak in the morning sun
舊時，黃山一直藏在深閨人未識，在距離東海400公里的大山腹地，遊人罕至，卻有一個個文人名士為黃山揮筆潑墨，李白、陶行知、郭沫若、胡適、朱熹……
黃山北門，芙蓉峰下，一人一騎，李白面對千峰競列、萬笏朝天的氣勢，嘆道：「素手把芙蓉，虛步躡太清。霓裳曳廣帶，飄拂升天行。」
雲霧中的黃山奇峰
Peaks amidst clouds
明代大旅行家徐霞客曾兩次登臨黃山，讚歎道：「薄海內外無如徽之黃山，登黃山天下無山，觀止矣！」後人據此概括為「五嶽歸來不看山，黃山歸來不看岳」。
「不求聞達，一室之外，山水而已。」在明末清初創建「黃山畫派」的藝術大師們，一洗當時「臨古」、「仿古」的流弊，重新擺正了繪畫藝術的源、流關係。漸江、梅清、石濤、黃賓虹……這些黃山畫派代表人物，以凝重簡練的筆墨，明快秀麗的構圖，清高悲壯的風格，深沉宏達的畫意，在畫壇獨樹一幟。
雲霧繚繞的山谷
Misty valleys
1979年，鄧小平一邊品著黃山毛峰茶，一邊與大家親切交談。「你們這裡物產很豐富，祁紅世界有名，你們這個地方將是全國最富的地方，黃山就是你們發財地方。」「你們要有點雄心壯志，把黃山的牌子打出去 !」
今日，黃山被世人譽為「人間仙境」、「天下第一奇山」。以奇松、怪石、雲海、溫泉、冬雪「五絕」搜盡天下奇景，攬遍世界遊客。
銀裝素裹的黃山風景區
Mt. Huangshan scenic area after snow
。。。。
In the old days, Mt. Huangshan was relatively unknown to people because it hid in the mountainous hinterland 400 kilometers from the coastal area of the East China Sea and only a few people would like to visit it. However, there were still some literati who wrote about the mountain, including Li Bai, Tao Xingzhi, Guo Moruo, Hu Shi, and Zhu Xi.
Li Bai，a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, once visited Mt. Huangshan. When facing the enchanting landscape and numerous peaks at the foot of Furong Peak, he exclaimed that he was ascending to a fairy land atop the mountain.
Xu Xiake, a great traveler in the Ming Dynasty, visited Mt. Huangshan twice. He showered the place with praise proclaiming that no mountains in the world could compete with it. His verses were later converted into " Mt. Huangshan belittles the five famous mountains in China" .
" We do not seek fame and wealth, what we like most is the landscape outside the window." The masters of art who created the Huangshan Painting Genre at the end of the Ming and early Qing dynasties streamlined the relationship between " originality " and " creativity " and made many unique and excellent artworks. The representative figures in this art genre include Jian Jiang, Mei Qing, Shi Tao, and Huang Binhong.
While enjoying the Huangshan Maofeng tea, Deng Xiaoping chatted cordially with local people, " you have products in abundance here, and Keemun black tea is world famous. Mt. Huangshan is where you can get rich. You should be ambitious and promote the mountain to the world! "
Today, Mt. Huangshan is known as a "wonderland on earth" and "the most amazing mountain in the world". Featuring wondrous pines, bizarre rocks, sea of clouds, hot springs and winter snow views, Mt. Huangshan is appealing to tourists all over the world.
卜水而居，山水畫廊
Living by water in a landscape gallery
新安江風光
Scenery of the Xin"an River
古徽州人卜水而居，新安江作為徽州的母親河，潤萬物而不爭，以自己的綿延浩淼哺育了博大精深的徽文化。新安江山水畫廊作為新安江的精華部分，風景名勝皆可入詩入畫，民風民俗別有一番風情。
新安江山水畫廊景區位於中國歷史文化名城歙縣境內，上起南源口、下止街口鎮，蜿蜒百里。兩岸生態環境極佳，呈現高山林、中山茶、低山果、水中魚的立體生態格局。與掩映其間的粉牆黛瓦的古村落、古民居交相輝映，是畫里青山，水中鄉村，一年四季，景色各異，素有「東方多瑙河之稱」的新安江穿行而過，似一幅流動的山水畫卷，故稱之為新安江百里畫廊。
順江而下，沿岸點綴著「千年古樟」、「三潭枇杷」、「三口蜜橘」、深渡古埠、九砂古村、新楊村民居、古老作坊、鳳凰島及農家樂景點，綿潭徽戲，十里紅妝、魚鷹捕魚、枇杷、楊梅、柑橘、茶葉採摘、養蠶、榨油、磨豆漿等項目讓人流連忘返。
近年來，黃山市深入實施新安江流域綜合治理，積極構建市場化、多元化的生態補償長效機制。落實最嚴格的環境保護制度和生態環境損害責任終身追究制，嚴守生態保護紅線、永久基本農田紅線、城鎮開發邊界，統籌山水林田湖草系統治理，讓這裡的河流清澈如鏡、大地綠草如茵、山坡森林如屏、空氣清新如洗。
游新安山水，探徽風古韻，尋徽商足跡，賞新安春色，采三潭枇杷，聽綿潭古戲，觀十里紅妝，圍千年古樟，看魚鷹捕魚，吃農家土菜，嘗風味小吃，購新安特產……讓人流連於徽州，觸及這座古老城市的靈魂。
春到新安江
Xin"an River in spring
。。。。
Ancient Huizhou people lived by waters, and the Xin"an River is the mother river of the prefecture that has nurtured the profound Huizhou culture. The landscape gallery is the highlight of the river where all the scenes are good for painting and poetry, and the folk tradition and customs are quite different from others.
Spanning about 50 kilometers, the landscape gallery is located in Shexian, a famous city in China with a long history and rich culture heritages. The ecological environment along this section of the river is fairly desirable, showing a vertical ecological pattern of mountain top forest, mountain waist tea plantations, mountain foot fruit orchards and fish in the water, with time-honored dwellings dotted there and here. The scenery changes with the seasons and it is really like a painting of mountains andwaters in flowing.
Along the river, you will see the millennial camphor, loquat and orange orchards, ancient ferry, Jiusha ancient village, dwellings in Xinyang Village, old workshop, Phoenix Island and places of agritainment. Things are unforgettable including Hui Opera, local wedding ceremony, fishing of osprey, various fruits, tea picking, silkworm rearing, oil extraction, and soya-bean grinding. After visiting the Xin"an River, a planning expert with the World Tourism Organization spoke highly of the place, saying " it is really beautiful and this is the right place for an ecological tour! "
In recent years, Huangshan has carried out extensive treatment to the Xin"an River Basin and set up a long-term, market-oriented and multi-functional ecological compensation mechanism. The city has implemented the most stringent environmental protection mechanism in history and a life-long accountability system for ecological environmental damage. As a result, the waters here become lucid, the land green, and the air fresh and crisp.
Touring amidst the Xin"an landscape, exploring ancient traditions, following the footprints of Huizhou merchants, enjoying the spring views, picking loquat, appreciating ancient operas, watching local wedding ceremony, seeing the ancient camphor, observing osprey fishing, tasting local dishes and featured snacks and bringing home local specialties etc. It is safe to say that Huizhou is a memorable place where you can touch the soul of the ancient city.
山水育人，徽商故里
Hometown of Hui merchants is a land cultivating businessmen
紅頂鉅賈胡雪岩，徽墨名家胡開文，茶商胡炳衡，徽商工業創始人胡練九，「上交天子，藏鏹百萬」號稱江南首富、顯赫一時的大徽商鮑志道……明清時期出現了「無徽不成鎮」的盛況。「兩淮八總商，邑人恆占其四」傳頌一時。
徽商與牌坊，又有著千絲萬縷的聯繫。
古徽州的牌坊很多，一座座牌坊，用徽州山裡特有的花崗岩和青崗岩精雕細琢堆砌而成。有的孤孤零零，突兀地架在村口街旁路邊，有的相擁成群，在山野里聳立，一路比肩而去。
據說，徽州原有牌坊 1000 多座，經過千百年來的風雨剝蝕、戰亂損毀，現今尚存百餘座。歙縣的許國石坊和棠樾牌坊群可謂是徽州牌坊的代表作。
西遞、宏村背倚秀美青山，清流抱村穿戶，數百幢明清時期的民居建築靜靜佇立。高大奇偉的馬頭牆有驕傲睥睨的表情，也有跌竅飛揚的韻致；灰白的屋壁被時間塗划出斑駁的線條，更顯凝重、沉靜。
徽州牌坊
Archways in Huizhou
。。。。
It is said that during the Ming and Qing dynasties, Hui merchants had business in every town in China. The representative figures include Hu Xueyan, who had an official appointment, Hu Kaiwen, a skilled maker of Hui Ink Sticks, Hu Bingheng, a big tea dealer, Hu Lianjiu, founder of Huizhou Merchant Industry, and Bao Zhidao, who even had easy access to the emperor.
Hui merchants contributed a lot to the building of memorial archways.
In ancient Huizhou, there were many archways made of granite and Qinggang rock from nearby mountains, some standing lonely in front of a village or at the entrance of a street, and some in cluster or in line in the field.
There were more than 1,000 archways in Huizhou and now only about 100 stand. The Xuguo Memorial Archway in Shexian and the Archway Group in Tangyue are masterpieces of the Huizhou archways.
In the beautiful natural settings are Xidi and Hongcun villages which stand silently over 100 local dwellings dating back to the Ming and Qing dynasties, featuring high horse-head walls (stepped gables), black tiles and white walls.
旅遊經濟，業態蓬勃
Tourism economy in prosperity
黃山市屯溪老街
Tunxi Old Street of Huangshan city
黃山市委市政府始終堅持「以旅遊經濟為中心」的發展戰略，2017年，黃山市旅遊共接待遊客5777.18萬人次，旅遊總收入506.11億元，入境遊客237.59萬人次，創匯7.5億美元。
黃山現有世界級桂冠3頂：世界文化與自然雙遺產、世界地質公園（黃山）、世界文化遺產（西遞和宏村）。國家級桂冠9大類共114個：風景名勝區3處（黃山、齊雲山、漸江）、自然保護區 2處（牯牛降、清涼峰）、森林公園3處（徽州、黃山、齊雲山）、地質公園3處（黃山、齊雲山、牯牛降）；國家A級以上景區47家52處……
黃山全市有105個行政村從事鄉村旅遊接待，超過10萬農民從事以旅遊為主的第三產業，成了環黃山鄉村旅遊圈、沿新安江鄉村旅遊帶、古徽州鄉村旅遊片 3 個功能板塊的鄉村旅遊區和景觀依託型、農事參與型、文化體驗型、休閑度假型 4 種類型的鄉村旅遊發展模式。
近年來，黃山市旅遊發展著力豐富新興業態。推出豬欄酒吧、法國家庭旅館、清溪涵月等百餘家「田園風光+文化村落+鄉居生活」的徽州精品民宿，積極構建溫泉養生、旅居養老等休閑產品體系，打造屯溪老街、黎陽IN巷、湖邊古村落等一批特色街區，不斷滿足休閑消費快速增長需求。
老街上的舞龍表演
Dragon dance in the old street
。。。。
The CPC Huangshan Municipal Committee and Huangshan Municipal People』s Government have always adhered to the development strategy with focus on improving tourism economy. In 2017, Huangshan treated almost 58 million visitors, earning over 50 billion yuan; inbound foreign tourists totaled up to almost 2.38 million, earning 750 million US dollars.
Huangshan has three world-class tourist attractions: Mt. Huangshan, which is a world cultural and natural heritage site in addition to being known as a world geological park, and Xidi and Hongcun villages which are two world cultural heritage sites. It also has 114 national tourist attractions in nine categories, three tourist attractions are Mt. Huangshan, Mt. Qiyun and Jianjiang, two natural reserves Guniujiang and Qingliangfeng, three forest parks Huizhou, Mt. Huangshan and Mt. Qiyun, three geoparks Mt. Huangshan, Mt. Qiyun and Guniujiang, and 52 national A and above rated scenic areas under 47 administration units.
There are 105 administrative villages and more than 100,000 farmers of the city engaged in rural tourism and tertiary industry related to tourism. Now, the rural tourism area has three functioning sectors: the tourism circle around Mt.Huangshan, the tourism belt along the Xin』an River and the tourism area of the ancient Huizhou Prefecture seat. The development falls into the following four patterns: scenic area-related, farming-related, culture-related and leisure-related.
In recent years, Huangshan City has focused its tourism development on enriching new business formats. It has promoted over 100 boutique homestay places that features 「idyllic scenery + cultural village + rural life」. In addition, its has actively improved on its hot-spring regimen, tour-living for the retired and other leisure tourism facilities, as well as upgrading a group of featured street blocks to meet the fast growing demand of the people in leisure and relaxation tourism.
古民居保護，文脈傳承
Protecting ancient dwellings and passing down culture inheritance
徽州古建築上精緻的木雕
Delicate wood carvings on historic architecture, Huizhou
近年來，黃山市在實施古建築保護利用過程中，始終堅持法律法規先行，尋求完善政策支撐，不斷完善健全機制，制定出台了《黃山市古村落保護利用暫行辦法》、《黃山市古民居認領保護利用暫行辦法》等10個規範性文件，對涉及搶修、遷移、認領、土地轉讓、房屋登記、資金支持、相關程序等作出明確規定。黃山市獲得地方立法權後，出台了《黃山市徽州古建築保護條例》，使得黃山市的政策法規體系更加完善。
同時，積極探索新的古建築保護利用方式，以徽州文化生態保護區建設為平台，積極構建政府主導、社會參與、市場運作的文化遺產保護利用體制。
黃山市通過實施「百村千幢」古民居保護利用、徽州古建築保護等一批重大工程，努力把文化資源優勢轉化為產業發展優勢，取得了顯著成效。「百村千幢」工程完成了101個古村落的規劃
編製，實施了101個古村落和1325幢古民居的保護利用工作，認租、認領、認購古民居467幢。
通過試點探索產權流轉，建立古民居產權流轉交易信息平台，在全省創新開展古民居產權規範流轉試點，通過集中收儲古民居、對上申請報批、按規拍掛出讓、規劃公示實施「四步走」程序，目前已規範流轉古民居38幢。
積極實施國家樣板工程，徽州區呈坎以列入國家文物維修保護樣板工程為契機，探索創建南方片古建築保護利用標準。2013年1月，國家文物局在全國範圍內遴選3處「國保」單位作為文物維修保護標準化示範工程，呈坎村位列其中。目前，呈坎古民居保護工程已完成一、二期 17 幢古民居修繕並通過省局驗收。國家文物局希望通過對呈坎村程春光宅等古民居的重點維修保護，探索全國古民居保護利用模式，建立一套科學嚴謹的南方片古民居維修標準，爭取將呈坎村古建築群打造成全國古民居維修保護樣板工程，在全國起示範引領作用。
古村落古民居保護利用是生態效益、社會效益、經濟效益的高度統一。一批古村古鎮、歷史文化街區經過全面整治，帶動了生態修復、環境整治、基礎設施建設、文化旅遊服務設施建設，村容村貌街區得到明顯改善；不少徽州古民居修復之後，有的成了鄉村民間非遺項目演示復活場所，有的打造成民宿、客棧、茶吧、酒吧，有的闢為老年協會活動中心和村民議事場所，有的辦成了農家書屋、綜合文化站等，既傳承了徽州文脈，又豐富了村民文化生活，適應了現代文明發展需要。
歙縣古城陽和門城樓
Yanghe Gate Tower of the ancient Shexian County
。。。。
Huangshan City has constantly adhered to laws and regulations, and continuously improved policy support and management mechanism in protecting and utilizing ancient buildings. It has formulated 10 normative documents for the purpose. After it was authorized with local legislative power, the city promulgated and disseminated Regulations on Protection of Huizhou Ancient Architectures in Huangshan City, which has further improved the policy and regulation system of the city.
At the same time, the city explores new ways to protect and utilize ancient buildings, and has set up a cultural heritage protection and utilization system that encourages public funding and market-oriented operation under the leadership of the government.
Through some major projects, Huangshan City has successfully transformed advantages of cultural resources into industrial development. Statistics show that plans for 101 ancient villages have been completed; 1,325 historic dwellings have been well protected and utilized; 467 buildings have been leased out, adopted or sold out for better protection; and 964 businesses in 19 formats have been created. The total amount of government expenditure and investment has accumulated up to 6,039 million yuan.
With the experience of pilot projects, the city takes the lead in Anhui in establishing an information platform for property right transfer of the historic dwellings. Based on the procedures of batched buy-in, auction sales after approval and soliciting public opinions on planning, the city has 38 dwellings successfully transferred.
In January 2013, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage selected nationwide three units as standardization demo projects for cultural heritage maintenance and protection. Chengkan Village succeeded in the competition. After that, the city actively explored new ways to protect and utilize the ancient buildings in southern China. Now, the village has completed the renovation of 17 dwellings in the first two phases of the protection project and passed acceptance check at provincial level. The state administration hopes to set up a scientific and standard mode for the protection and utilization of ancient dwellings, and the city will strive to make the Chengkan project a national role model.
The protection and utilization of ancient villages and historic dwellings stands for highly integrated ecological, social and economic benefits, which has driven ecological restoration, environment treatment, infrastructure and service facility construction, and improved the appearance of the villages and street blocks. For instance, some have been turned into scenes showing intangible heritages, some made into hospitality amenities, some for social activities and others as family libraries and cultural centers. In summary, the protection and utilization not only benefits the inheritance of Huizhou culture and the enrichment of cultural life in rural areas, but also meets the needs for the development of modern civilization.
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文字：孫婷 卞潘峰（實習生）
翻譯：王冀皖
譯審：Michelle Ncube（加拿大）
採訪支持：陳明
圖片：由黃山市委宣傳部、
李建設、楊林應、汪炳奎、張建軍提供
編輯：張倩瑩
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