谷歌無視許可權用你的手機追蹤定位數據

Google really IS recording your everymovement even when you tell it not to! Search firm tracks location data usingyour smartphone regardless of permissions

谷歌實際上正在記錄你所有的位置變化，即使你告訴它不要這樣做！搜索公司無視許可權用你的手機追蹤定位數據。

Google claims you can "pause" Location History to stop tracking of your device

谷歌聲稱你能「暫停」歷史位置來阻止追蹤你的設備。

Experts found that even with this setting on, Google still monitor location data

專家發現即使有這個設置，谷歌仍然監視定位數據。

To provethis, Princeton postdoctoral researcher Gunes Acar carried an Androidsmartphone with the "Location History" setting switched off.

為了證實，普林斯頓大學博士後研究員Gunes Acar帶上一個關閉了「歷史位置」的安卓智能手機。

Despitethe setting purportedly preventing data collection, researchers discoveredGoogle had kept records of Dr Acar"s train commute on two trips to New York andvisits to the High Line park, Chelsea Market, Hell"s Kitchen, Central Park andHarlem.

儘管這項設置據稱能防止數據收集，研究員發現谷歌保存了關於Acar博士兩次去紐約的火車通勤以及光臨高架公園、切爾西市場、地獄廚房和哈萊姆區的記錄。

Themovements tracked by Google have been plotted on a map by researchers. Toprotect the privacy of Dr Acar, researchers did not plot the most telling andfrequent marker – his home address.

研究員在一張地圖上標記了被谷歌追蹤的位置變化。為了保護Acar博士的隱私，研究員沒有標記最說明問題以及頻繁的標記——他的家庭地址。

Theresearchers found Google logs a record of your current location each time youopen its turn-by-turn navigation app, Google Maps. The daily weather updates onAndroid phones also provided another way to track movement.

Scrolldown for video.

研究員發現每當你啟動谷歌的實時導航應用谷歌地圖時，谷歌記錄了一條關於你的當前位置的記錄。安卓手機上的日常天氣更新提供了另一種追蹤位置變化的方式。

Researchers created a visual map of the movements of Princeton postdoctoral researcher Gunes Acar, who carried an Android phone with Location history off, and shared a record of his Google account (pictured)

研究員創建了一張關於普林斯頓大學博士後Acar的位置變化地圖。他攜帶一個關閉歷史位置的安卓手機，而且分享一條關於他的谷歌賬戶的紀錄（被畫出）

The finding was the result of an AssociatedPress (AP) investigation and was confirmed by computer-science researchers atPrinceton University.

這是一項美聯社（AP）調查的結果並由普林斯頓大學計算機科學研究員證實。

For the most part, Google is upfront aboutasking permission to use your location information, the researchers found.

研究員發現，在大多數情況下，谷歌坦率地請求使用你的定位信息的許可權。

An app like Google Maps will remind you toallow access to location if you use it for navigating.

If you agree to let it record your locationover time, Google Maps will display that history for you in a "timeline" that mapsout your daily movements.

一款像谷歌地圖這樣的應用會提醒你允許訪問定位信息，如果你使用它來導航。如果你同意讓它持續記錄你的位置，谷歌地圖將在一個標繪了你的日常位置變化的「時間線」中顯示你的歷史。

Storing your minute-by-minute travelscarries privacy risks and has been used by police to determine the location ofsuspects – such as a warrant that police in Raleigh, North Carolina, served onGoogle last year to find devices near a murder scene.

儲存你的實時旅程帶有隱私風險，曾經被警察用來決定疑犯的位置——有項來自北卡羅萊納州羅利警方的令狀，由谷歌提供服務以便發現一次謀殺現場附近的設備。

(下劃線部分是引用美聯社的內容）

HOW DOES GOOGLE TRACK ITSUSERS" LOCATIONS OUTSIDE OF "LOCATION HISTORY"?

谷歌如何在「定位歷史之外」追蹤用戶的位置？

A newinvestigation led by the Associated Press found that some Google appsautomatically store time-stamped location data without asking - even whenyou"ve paused Location History.

由AP領導的一項新調查發現一些谷歌應用未經詢問自動儲存標記時間的位置數據，即使你已經暫停了定位歷史。

Theinvestigation found, for example:

比如，調查發現：

Google stores a snapshot of where you are when you open its Maps app

當你啟動谷歌地圖時谷歌儲存一條關於你的當前位置的簡介。

Automatic daily weather updates on Android phones pinpoint where you are each time the forecast is refreshed

安卓手機上的自動日常天氣更新在每次更新預報時定位你的位置。

Simple searchers, such as "chocolate chip cookies," or "kids science kits," pinpoint your precise latitude and longitude – accurate to the square foot - and save it to your Google account

簡單搜索，比如「碎巧克力餅乾」或者「兒童科學工具套件」，定位你的精確經緯度——精確到平方英尺，並在你的谷歌賬戶中保存它。

This informationis all logged as part of the "Web and App Activity feature, which does notspecifically reference location information in itsdescription.

這些信息都被記錄，作為「網頁和應用活動特性」的一部分。在其描述中沒有專門提到需要引用定位信息。

This is enabledby default, and stores a variety of information from Google apps and websitesto your Google account.

這個是默認開啟的，而且儲存來自谷歌應用和網頁的各種各樣的信息到你的谷歌賬戶中。

When paused, itwill prevent activity on any device from being saved to youraccount.

當被暫停時，將防止任何設備上的活動被儲存到你的賬戶。

Leaving "Web& App Activity" on and turning "Location History" off only prevents Googlefrom adding your movements to the "timeline," its visualization of your dailytravels.

開啟「網頁和應用活動」並關閉「定位歷史」僅僅防止谷歌將你的位置變化加進「時間線」，它是你的日常出行的視覺化。

It does not stopGoogle"s collection of other location markers.

其不會停止谷歌的關於其他定位標記的收集。

To prevent this, the company will let you"pause" a setting called Location History.

為了防止收集定位信息，谷歌會讓你「暫停」一個叫做「定位歷史」的設置。

Google says the settings will prevent thecompany from remembering the locations you have visited.

谷歌表示，這些設置將阻止該公司儲存你訪問過的地點。

Google"s support page on the subjectstates: "You can turn off Location History at any time."

With Location History off, the places yougo are no longer stored, the firm claims.

相關谷歌支持頁面宣稱：「你隨時可以關閉定位歷史。」谷歌聲稱關閉定位歷史後你去過的地方不再被儲存。

However, the latest findings suggest thisisn"t true.

然而，最新的發現表明這不是真的。

Even with Location History paused, someGoogle apps automatically store time-stamped location data without asking.

即使已經暫停了定位歷史，一些谷歌應用未經詢問自動儲存標記時間的位置數據，。

For example, Google stores a snapshot ofwhere you are when you merely open its Maps app.

比如，當你僅僅打開谷歌地圖時谷歌儲存一個你的當前位置的簡介。

This photo, taken on July 25, 2018, shows Kalyanaraman Shankari, right, and her husband Thomas Raffill, left, who noticed that her Android phone prompted her to rate a shopping trip to Kohl"s, even though she had turned Location History off

圖片拍攝於2018年7月25日，右邊是Kalyanaraman Shankari，左邊是她的丈夫Thomas Raffill，她注意到她的安卓手機提醒她評價一趟科爾士百貨公司的購物之行，即使她關閉了定位歷史。

Automatic daily weather updates on Androidphones also pinpoint roughly where you are each time the forecast is refreshedby the device.

安卓手機上日常天氣的自動更新也會在更新預報時定位你的位置。

And some searches that have nothing to dowith location, like "chocolate chip cookies," or "kids science kits," pinpointyour precise latitude and longitude – accurate to the square foot - and save itto your Google account.

而且一些研究發現即使無關位置的使用，比如搜索「碎巧克力餅乾」和「兒童工具套件」也會定位你的精確經緯度——精確到平方英尺，並將其存入你的谷歌賬戶。

The privacy issue affects some two billionusers of devices that run Google"s Android operating software and hundreds ofmillions of worldwide iPhone users who rely on Google for maps or search.

這個隱私問題涉及約20億運行安卓系統的設備的用戶和全球數億使用谷歌導航和搜索的IPhone用戶

Storing location data in violation of auser"s preferences is wrong, said Jonathan Mayer, a Princeton computerscientist and former chief technologist for the Federal CommunicationsCommission"s enforcement bureau.

違反用戶的偏好收集位置數據是錯誤的，Jonathan Mayer說。他是一名普林斯頓大學的計算機科學家以及前聯邦通信委員會執行局首席技術專家。

A researcher from Dr Mayer"s lab confirmedthe AP"s findings on multiple Android devices; the AP conducted its own testson several iPhones that found the same behaviour.

來自Mayer博士的實驗室的一名研究員證實了AP的關於數個安卓設備的結果；AP主導的在一些IPhone上進行的測試也發現了一樣的行為。

"If you"re going to allow users to turn offsomething called "Location History," then all the places where you maintainlocation history should be turned off," Dr Mayer said. "That seems like apretty straightforward position to have."

「如果你打算允許用戶關閉叫做『定位歷史』的東西，那麼應該真的做到。」Mayer博士說。「那個似乎是最簡單不過的態度。」

HOW CAN YOU FIND AND DELETE WHERE GOOGLE KNOWSYOU"VE BEEN?

怎麼找到並刪除讓谷歌知道你在哪裡的東西

That should prevent precise locationmarkers from being stored to your Google account.

Google will warn you that some of itsservices won"t work as well with these settings off.

那應該防止精確的定位標記被存入你的谷歌賬戶。谷歌會警告當關閉這些時它的一些服務將不會工作。

In particular, neither the GoogleAssistant, a digital concierge, nor the Google Home smart speaker will beparticularly useful.

準確地說，谷歌助手、數字前台、谷歌家居智能揚聲器將受到影響。

On iOS

蘋果操作系統

If you use Google Maps, adjust yourlocation setting to "While Using" the app. This will prevent the app fromaccessing your location when it"s not active.

如果你使用谷歌地圖，將位置設置調整到「僅使用時」。這將防止應用未活動的時候訪問你的位置。

Go to Settings Privacy Location Servicesand from there select Google Maps to make the adjustment.

在設置中的定位隱私服務中選中谷歌地圖以做出調整。

In the Safari web browser, considerusing a search engine other than Google.

在Safari瀏覽器中，考慮使用谷歌之外的搜索引擎。

Under Settings Safari Search Engine, youcan find other options like Bing or DuckDuckGo.

在設置Safari搜索引擎中，可選項有Bing或者DuckDuckGo。

You can turn location off while browsingby going to Settings Privacy Location Services Safari Websites, and turn thisto "Never."

你可以在瀏覽中關閉定位，找到設置定位隱私服務Safari網站，將此項設為「從不」。

This still won"t prevent advertisersfrom knowing your rough location based on IP address on any website.

這無法防止網頁上的廣告商通過IP地址知道你的大致位置。

You can also turn Location Services offto the device almost completely from Settings Privacy Location Services.

你也能在設置定位隱私服務中幾近完全關閉對設備的定位服務。

Both Google Maps and Apple Mapswill still work, but they won"t know where you are on the map and won"t be ableto give you directions.

谷歌地圖和蘋果地圖仍會工作，但它們不知道你在地圖上的哪裡因此不能導航。

Emergency responders will still be ableto find you if the need arises.

有需要時急救人員仍能找到你。

On Android

安卓操作系統

Under the main settings icon click on"Security & location." Scroll down to the "Privacy" heading. Tap"Location." You can toggle it off for the entire device.

在設置中點擊「安全&定位」。下滑到「隱私」標題。點擊「定位」。你能關閉對設備的定位。

Use "App-level permissions" to turn offaccess to various apps.

使用「應用級許可權」關閉各種應用的訪問。

Unlike the iPhone, there is no settingfor "While Using."

不像iPhone，沒有「僅使用時」的設置。

You cannot turn off Google Playservices, which supplies your location to other apps if you leave that serviceon.

你不能關閉谷歌市場服務，它為其他應用提供定位服務。

Sign in as a "guest" on your Androiddevice by swiping down from top and tapping the downward-facing cursor, thenagain on the torso icon.

在你的谷歌設備上以「來賓」身份登陸，從屏幕頂端下滑，點擊方向朝下的游標，然後點擊軀幹圖標。

Be aware of which services yousign in on, like Chrome. You can also change search engines even in Chrome.

知曉你登陸了哪些服務，像Chrome。在Chrome中也能更換搜索引擎。

To delete past location tracking on any device

在任何設備上刪除位置追蹤

On the page myactivity.google.com,look for any entry that has a location pin icon beside the word"details."

在myactivity.google.com上，尋找任何在「細節」旁邊有個大頭針圖標的條目。

Clicking on that pops up a window thatincludes a link that sometimes says "From your current location."

點擊它會彈出一個包含一條連接的窗口，連接有時是「來自你的當前位置」。

Clicking on it will open Google Maps, whichwill display where you were at the time.

點擊它會打開谷歌地圖，顯示當時你在什麼地方。

You can delete it from this popup byclicking on the navigation icon with the three stacked dots and then "Delete."

你可以從這個彈出窗口刪除它，通過點擊帶三個重疊的點的導航圖標，然後「刪除」。

Some items will be grouped in unexpectedplaces, such as topic names, google.com, Search, or Maps.

有些條目被分進意外的地方，比如主題名、谷歌主頁、搜索或者地圖。

You have to delete them item by item.You can wholesale delete all items in date ranges or by service, but will endup taking out more than just location markers.

你不得不逐項刪除。你可以按時間或服務批量刪除條目，但也會將無關定位的標記也刪除。

Google says it is being perfectly clear.

谷歌說這是完全問心無愧的。

"There are a number of different ways thatGoogle may use location to improve people"s experience, including: LocationHistory, Web and App Activity, and through device-level Location Services," aGoogle spokesperson said in a statement to the AP.

「谷歌可能使用各種方式定位以改善用戶體驗，包括：定位歷史、網頁和應用活動，以及設備級定位服務。」谷歌的一名發言人在回應AP的一份聲明中說。

"We provide clear descriptions of thesetools, and robust controls so people can turn them on or off, and delete theirhistories at any time."

「我們提供這些工具的清楚描述，以及魯棒的控制這樣用戶能開啟或關閉它們，以及在任何時候刪除他們的歷史。」

To stop Google from saving these locationmarkers, the company says, users can turn off another setting, one that doesnot specifically reference location information.

為了阻止谷歌儲存這些定位標記，谷歌說，用戶可以關閉另一項設置，其沒有專門引用定位信息

You can see the stored location markers ona page in your Google account at myactivity.google.com, although they"retypically scattered under several different headers, many of which areunrelated to location.

你能在myactivity.google.com上登陸你的賬戶看到保存的定位標記，雖然它們分散在一些不同標題下，許多與定位無關。

Huge tech companies are under increasingscrutiny over their data practices, following a series of privacy scandals atFacebook and new data-privacy rules recently adopted by the European Union.

技術巨頭們面臨的數據活動監管與日俱增，在一系列臉書隱私醜聞和歐盟最近通過的數據隱私條例後。

Last year, the business news site Quartzfound that Google was tracking Android users by collecting the addresses ofnearby cellphone towers even if all location services were off.

去年，商業新聞網站Quartz發現谷歌通過收集附近的信號塔地址追蹤安卓用戶，即使任何定位服務都被關閉。

Google changed the practice and insisted itnever recorded the data anyway.

谷歌轉變了這項活動並堅稱沒有記錄任何數據。

You can see the stored location markers on a page in your Google account at myactivity.google.com, although they"re typically scattered under several different headers, many of which are unrelated to location (stock image)

你能在myactivity.google.com上登陸你的賬戶看到保存的定位標記，雖然它們分散在一些不同標題下，許多與定位無關。（圖庫圖片）

On Android, the popup explains that "placesyou go with your devices will stop being added to your Location History map."On the iPhone, it simply reads, "None of your Google apps will be able to storelocation data in Location History."

在安卓上，彈出窗口解釋「你和你的設備到過的地方將不會加進你的定位歷史地圖。」在IPhone上，則是簡單宣讀。「你的谷歌應用無一允許儲存定位數據進你的定位歷史。」

The iPhone text is technically true ifpotentially misleading. With Location History off, Google Maps and other appsstore your whereabouts in a section of your account called "My Activity," not"Location History."

IPhone文本技術上是真的，如果有潛在的誤導。定位歷史關閉時，谷歌地圖及其他應用在你的賬戶被稱為「我的活動」的部分儲存你的下落，而不是在「定位歷史」。

Since 2014, Google has let advertiserstrack the effectiveness of online ads at driving foot traffic , a feature thatGoogle has said relies on user location histories.

從2014年起，谷歌允許廣告商追蹤在線廣告吸引流量的效果，這是一項谷歌說依賴用戶定位歷史的特性。

The company is pushing further into suchlocation-aware tracking to drive ad revenue, which rose 20 per cent last yearto $95.4 billion (￡75bn).

谷歌更進一步使用定位知曉的追蹤以推動廣告收入，其去年增長了20%到954億美元（750億英鎊）。

At a Google Marketing Live summit in July,Google executives unveiled a new tool called "local campaigns" that dynamicallyuses ads to boost in-person store visits. It says it can measure how well acampaign drove foot traffic with data pulled from Google users" locationhistories.

7月在一場實況轉播的谷歌營銷峰會上，谷歌執行官們揭示了一個新工具叫做「當地運作」，它動態地使用廣告推動親臨的商店光顧。據說其能用來自谷歌用戶的「定位歷史」測量一次運作的帶動流量的效果。

They continue todo so, even when there is no SIM card inserted or apps running, it isclaimed.

據稱甚至當無SIM卡插入或應用運行時，他們仍在繼續做。

The findingraises worrying privacy concerns over the gathering of such detailed locationdata.

結果引發了關於收集這些詳細的定位數據的令人擔憂的隱私關注。

As part of an in-depth investigation for Quartz, it was discovered that, since the beginning of 2017, Android phones have been collecting the addresses of nearby mobile transmitter towers

作為Quartz的深度調查的一部分，發現從2017年開始，安卓手機收集附近的移動信號塔的位置。

Knowing thelocation of one nearby cell tower is not enough to identify the specificlocation of a handset, and it"s user.

通過蜂窩信號塔知道某人的位置不足以認定一個設備及其使用者的具體位置。

But by usingdata from multiple towers, a location can be triangulated within about aquarter-mile radius.

但是通過使用來自多個信號塔的數據，1/4英里內的一個位置可通過三角定位得出。

This becomeseven more precise in built up areas like cities.

這種方法甚至在建成區內比如城市更加精確。

Although thedata sent is encrypted, a third party could make use of it if the handset hasbeen infected with spyware, malware or other hacking tools.

雖然送出的數據被加密，但是如果設備感染後門、惡意程序或其他黑客工具，第三人可能使用它。

Every handsetalso has a unique ID number that can be associated with the locationdata.

Location-sharingdoes not appear to have been limited to a particular brand of Android phone ortablet.

每個設備也有一個獨一無二的ID編號，與定位數據相聯繫。位置共享似乎並不局限於特定品牌的安卓手機或平板電腦

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