低麩質飲食誘導腸道菌群發生變化

論文標題：A low-gluten diet induces changes in the intestinal microbiome of healthy Danish adults

作者：Lea B. S. Hansen, Henrik M. Roager, Nadja B. S?ndertoft, Rikke J. G?bel, Mette Kristensen, Mireia Vallès-Colomer, Sara Vieira-Silva, Sabine Ibrügger, Mads V. Lind, Rasmus B. M?rkedahl, Martin I. Bahl, Mia L. Madsen, Jesper Havelund, Gwen Falony, Inge Tetens, Trine Nielsen, Kristine H. Allin, Henrik L. Frandsen, Bolette Hartmann, Jens Juul Holst, Morten H. Sparholt, Jesper Holck, Andreas Blennow, Janne Marie Moll, Anne S. Meyer, Camilla Hoppe, J?rgen H. Poulsen, Vera Carvalho, Domenico Sagnelli, Marlene D. Dalgaard, Anders F. Christensen, Magnus Christian Lydolph, Alastair B. Ross, Silas Villas-B?as, Susanne Brix, Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén, Karsten Buschard, Allan Linneberg, Jüri J. Rumessen, Claus T. Ekstr?m, Christian Ritz, Karsten Kristiansen, H. Bj?rn Nielsen, Henrik Vestergaard, Nils J. F?rgeman, Jeroen Raes, Hanne Fr?ki?r, Torben Hansen, Lotte Lauritzen, Ramneek Gupta, Tine Rask Licht, Oluf Pedersen

數字識別碼：10.1038/s41467-018-07019-x

根據《自然-通訊》發表的一篇論文A low-gluten diet induces changes in the intestinal microbiome of healthy Danish adults，低麩質飲食誘導60名健康人的腸道菌群和生理髮生了一定的變化。作者提出，大多數這些影響可能源於富含麩質的食物減少後膳食纖維發生質變。

圖1：四個蛙類化石標本Electrorana。圖源：Xing等

麩質是小麥、黑麥和大麥的主要成分，由部分耐消化的蛋白質組成。它可能對患有乳糜瀉等特定疾病的人群有害。然而，減少麩質攝入對健康人群的影響仍不清楚。

丹麥哥本哈根大學的Oluf Pedersen及其同事開展了一項隨機對照交叉試驗，試驗對象為60名沒有已知疾病的丹麥中年人。該試驗包括兩次為期八周的干預，以對比低麩質飲食（每天2克麩質）和高麩質飲食（每天18克麩質）的效果，兩次干預之間的間隔至少為六周，間隔期間採用習慣性飲食（每天12g麩質）。作者發現，低麩質飲食誘導了腸道微生物群輕微變化（包括雙歧桿菌的丰度降低）和某些尿液代謝物輕微變化，且被試自我報告稱腹脹有所改善。

圖2：微型CT掃描下的Electroranalimoae正模標本視覺圖。圖源：Xing 等

這兩種飲食不僅在麩質含量方面不同，而且在膳食纖維的組成方面也不同。因此，作者觀察到的效果可能是因為富含麩質的食物減少後膳食纖維發生了變化，而不是因為麩質攝入量本身有所減少。作者總結表示，目前尚不清楚這些研究結果如何能夠推廣到不同年齡、種族背景或生活方式的其他人群。

摘要：Adherence to a low-gluten diet has become increasingly common in parts of the general population. However, the effects of reducing gluten-rich food items including wheat, barley and rye cereals in healthy adults are unclear. Here, we undertook a randomised, controlled, cross-over trial involving 60 middle-aged Danish adults without known disorders with two 8-week interventions comparing a low-gluten diet (2 g gluten per day) and a high-gluten diet (18 g gluten per day), separated by a washout period of at least six weeks with habitual diet (12 g gluten per day). We find that, in comparison with a high-gluten diet, a low-gluten diet induces moderate changes in the intestinal microbiome, reduces fasting and postprandial hydrogen exhalation, and leads to improvements in self-reported bloating. These observations suggest that most of the effects of a low-gluten diet in non-coeliac adults may be driven by qualitative changes in dietary fibres.

期刊介紹：Nature Communications (https://www.nature.com/ncomms/) is an open access journal that publishes high-quality research from all areas of the natural sciences. Papers published by the journal represent important advances of significance to specialists within each field.

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（來源：Nature Communications）

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