福布斯評出富豪界最大贏家和輸家，老貝笑小扎哭，還有4位中國人

The Biggest Billionaire Winners And Losers Of 2018

2018年億萬富翁最大贏家及輸家

素材來源：福布斯網站 翻譯：世界播

It was a turbulent year for many investors around the world, as stock markets were shaken by events from Brexit to U.S.-China trade tensions. Amid the uncertainty, many billionaire fortunes shrunk in size. The biggest loser in the world was Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg, who had a terrible year amid internal scandals and damaging publicity. He was the only American among the ten biggest billionaire losers, half of whom were from Asia.

對世界各地的許多投資者來說，這是動蕩不安的一年，從英國退歐到中美貿易關係一系列緊張事件震動了股市。在這種不確定性中，許多億萬富翁的財富縮水。全球最大的輸家是Facebook首席執行長扎克伯格，在公司內部醜聞和負面宣傳的影響下，他度過了糟糕的一年。他是十大億萬富翁輸家中唯一的美國人，其中一半輸家來自亞洲。

Still, there were plenty of billionaires whose fortunes bucked the downward trend. Bill Gates and Steve Ballmer were up a combined $6.3 billion, thanks to a higher Microsoft stock price. Several Russians grew richer as profits rose at their oil and gas firms. But the year』s biggest gainer by a vast margin was Amazon founder and CEO Jeff Bezos, whose fortune calimbed nearly $28 billion to $126.2 billion between December 29, 2017 and December 17, 2018, the dates Forbes used to measure fortunes for this article. Bezos was worth even more in early September, when his fortune peaked at $167 billion. Altogether the ten biggest gainers in the world added a total of $64 billion to their fortunes in the past 12 months. That was much less of an increase than in 2017, when the combined fortunes of the top ten winners jumped by $204 billion.

儘管如此，仍有許多億萬富翁的財富逆勢而上。由於微軟股價上漲，比爾?蓋茨和史蒂夫?鮑爾默的總市值增加了63億美元。隨著石油和天然氣公司利潤的增長，有些俄羅斯人變得更加富有。但今年漲幅最大的是亞馬遜創始人兼首席執行長傑夫?貝佐斯，他的財富在2017年12月29日至2018年12月17日估算漲了近280億，達到1262億美元。《福布斯》用這段時間來衡量本文中的財富。貝佐斯的身價在9月初甚至更高，當時他的財富達到了1670億美元的峰值。在過去的12個月里，全球十大富豪的財富總計增加了640億美元。這一增幅遠低於2017年，當時排名前十的富豪財富總計增加了2040億美元。

WINNERS

贏家

1. Jeff Bezos

1. 傑夫?貝佐斯

+$27.9 billion

+ 279億美元

Net worth: $126.2 billion

凈資產：1262億美元

Not only did Amazon expand in emerging markets like Turkey and India in 2018, it also recorded record profits and announced its second headquarters in New York City and Arlington, Virginia. Amazon』s stock jumped to an all-time high in September. It has since fallen by approximately one fourth as sales missed expectations, but is still up 30% in the past year.

亞馬遜不僅於2018年在土耳其和印度等新興市場擴張，還實現了創紀錄的利潤，並宣布在紐約和弗吉尼亞州阿靈頓建立第二家總部。亞馬遜的股價在9月份躍升至歷史新高。自那以後，由於銷售額低於預期，該公司股價下跌了約四分之一，但過去一年仍上漲了30%。

2. Tadashi Yanai

2. 柳井正

+$7 billion

+ 70億美元

Net worth: $27.1 billion

凈資產：271億美元

Shares of the Japanese billionaire』s Fast Retailing Co., parent of fashion chain Uniqlo, have risen by about a third since December 2017, thanks to its strong earnings. The Japan-based company also reported that Uniqlo』s international sales exceeded domestic sales for the first time ever in its fiscal year 2018, which ended in August.

得益於強勁的收益，這位日本億萬富翁旗下的迅銷公司的股價自2017年12月以來上漲了約三分之一。迅銷是時裝連鎖店優衣庫的母公司。這家總部位於日本的公司還報告稱，在截至今年8月的2018財年，優衣庫的國際銷量首次超過國內銷量。

3. Vagit Alekperov

3.瓦吉特?阿列克佩羅夫

+$4.6 billion

+ 46億美元

Net worth: $19.5 billion

凈資產：195億美元

Lukoil, where Alekperov is CEO, reported a sharp surge in profits so far in 2018 thanks to higher oil and gas prices and a weaker Russian rouble: Its stock rung up a 29% gain since last year.

阿列克佩羅夫是盧克石油的首席執行官。該公司報告稱，由於石油和天然氣價格上漲以及俄羅斯盧布走軟，其利潤在2018年迄今大幅飆升：其股價自去年以來上漲了29%。

4. Rupert Murdoch

4. 魯珀特?默多克

+$4.6 billion

+ 46億美元

Net worth: $19.3 billion

凈資產：193億美元

Although shares of Murdoch』s News Corp.—which owns The Wall Street Journal and the New York Post—declined nearly 26% in the past year, the stock of his bigger holding, 21st Century Fox, jumped 42% ahead of a mega-merger with Disney that is reportedly set to be completed in the first half of 2019.

儘管默多克旗下的新聞集團（擁有《華爾街日報》和《紐約郵報》）的股票在過去一年下跌了近26 %，但據報道，在與迪士尼的大規模合併之前，默多克旗下更大的控股公司21世紀福克斯的股票上漲了42 %，合併計劃將於2019年上半年完成。

5. Leonid Mikhelson

5. 列昂尼德?米赫爾松

+$4 billion

+ 40億美元

Net worth: $21.4 billion

凈資產：214億美元

The stock price of Novatek, one of Russia』s largest independent natural gas and crude oil producers, rose a dramatic 65% in light of higher domestic prices and growing international demand. Mikhelson, who has a 25% stake in Novatek, is chairman of the management board.

在國內價格上漲和國際需求增長的推動下，俄羅斯最大的獨立天然氣和原油生產商之一諾瓦泰克的股價大幅上漲65%。米赫爾松持有諾瓦泰克25%的股份，是該公司管理委員會的主席。

6. Gennady Timchenko

6. 格納迪?季姆琴科

+$3.8 billion

+ 38億美元

Net worth: $18.9 billion

凈資產：189億美元

Timchenko has stakes in various Russian businesses, including a 23% ownership in natural gas producer Novatek, whose shares soared this year, and a 17% stake in the private petrochemicals company Sibur. Timchenko, who has close ties to President Putin, sold his stake in trading company Gunvor to his partner a day before he was hit with U.S. sanctions in 2014.

季姆琴科持有俄羅斯多家企業的股份，包括持有天然氣生產商諾瓦泰克23%的股份（該公司股價今年飆升）以及私人石化公司西布爾17%的股份。與普京總統關係密切的季姆琴科在2014年遭到美國制裁的前一天，將他在貿易公司貢沃爾的股份出售給了他的合作夥伴。

7. Steve Ballmer

7. 史蒂芬?鮑爾默

+3.4 billion

+ 34億

Net worth: $40.7 billion

凈資產：407億美元

Ballmer said earlier this year that he』s held onto his stake in Microsoft, where he was the CEO from 2000 to 2014. Good thing as the software firm』s shares rose 20% in 2018, mostly due to its double-digit revenue growth as the company expanded its presence in commercial cloud services.

鮑爾默今年早些時候說，他一直持有微軟的股份。從2000年到2014年，他一直擔任微軟的首席執行長。好在這家軟體公司的股價在2018年上漲了20%，這主要是因為隨著公司在商業雲服務領域的擴張，其收入實現了兩位數的增長。

8. Mukesh Ambani

8. 穆克什?安巴尼

+$3 billion

+ 30億美元

Net worth: $44.4 billion

凈資產：444億美元

India』s richest person wraps up an excellent year. His Reliance Industries』 $33 billion mega bet on Jio, a 4G broadband service, has attracted more than 250 million customers since its 2016 launch. Reliance』s shares are up 23% in the past year. In December, Ambani hosted one of India』s biggest weddings ever — for his daughter Isha.

這位印度最富有的人完成了出色的一年。他的信實工業斥資330億美元投資4G寬頻服務Jio，自2016年推出以來已經吸引了2.5億多客戶。信實工業股價去年上漲了23%。12月，安巴尼為女兒伊莎舉辦了印度有史以來最隆重的一場婚禮。

9. Bill Gates

9. 比爾?蓋茨

+$2.9 billion

+ 29億美元

Net worth: $93.9 billion

凈資產；939億美元

America』s richest person for 24 years, before Bezos knocked him off the top rung earlier this year, Gates is still getting a boost from booming Microsoft stock four years after stepping down as chairman and despite having sold much of his stake.

今年早些時候貝佐斯把他從首富寶座上趕下來之前，蓋茨一直是美國24年來最富有的人。四年前，蓋茨辭去了微軟董事長一職，儘管他賣掉了自己的大部分股份，但他仍然從微軟股票中獲得了好處。

10. Elon Musk

10. 埃隆?馬斯克

+$2.8 billion

+ 28億美元

Net worth: $22.5 billion

凈資產：225億美元

Although Musk』s tweets have caused him trouble in 2018—including a $20 million SEC fine—Tesla』s stock price is ending the year up amid brisk sales of its very popular Model 3 electric car. Nearly half of his net worth boost came from the increase in value of private aerospace company SpaceX, where Musk is majority shareholder.

儘管在2018年，馬斯克的推文給他帶來了麻煩——其中包括美國證券交易委員會2000萬美元的罰款——特斯拉的股價在其廣受歡迎的Model 3電動汽車熱銷的背景下，以上漲結束了今年的走勢。馬斯克凈資產增長的近一半來自私人航空航天公司SpaceX的價值增長，馬斯克是SpaceX的大股東。

LOSERS

輸家

1. Mark Zuckerberg

1. 馬克?扎克伯格

–$18.7 billion

- 187億美元

Net worth: $52.5 billion

凈資產：525億美元

A day after Facebook reported disappointing second-quarter results in July, the company』s shares plunged 19%, erasing $15.4 billion of Zuckerberg』s fortune. Other factors contributed to Facebook』s decline in 2018: Congress grilled Zuckerberg on Facebook』s data use in April, and in November, the New York Times disclosed that Facebook paid a public affairs firm to promulgate negative information about George Soros, who had criticized the social media firm.

在Facebook 7月份公布令人失望的第二季度業績一天後，該公司股價暴跌19%，令扎克伯格的財富縮水154億美元。其他因素也促成了Facebook在2018年的衰落：國會在4月就Facebook的數據使用問題對扎克伯格進行了質詢；11月，《紐約時報》披露，Facebook付錢給一家公共事務公司，發布了有關喬治?索羅斯的負面信息。索羅斯曾批評過這家社交媒體公司。

2. Amancio Ortega

2. 阿曼西奧?奧爾特加

–$16.2 billion

- 162億美元

Net worth: $59.6 billion

凈資產：596億美元

Growth has slowed at clothing retailer Inditex, which was cofounded by Ortega in 1975 and is known primarily for its fast fashion chain Zara. The share price fell throughout the year amid margin pressure and downbeat analyst reports.

服裝零售商Inditex的增長已經放緩。Inditex於1975年由奧爾特加聯合創立，主要以其快時尚連鎖店Zara聞名。在利潤率壓力和分析師悲觀報告的影響下，該公司股價全年都在下跌。

3. Georg Schaeffler

3. 喬治?舍弗勒

–$14 billion

- 140億美元

Net worth: $12.4 billion

凈資產：124億美元

A decade after Schaeffler Auto— owned by Georg Schaeffler and his mother—took over Germany-based tire and auto parts company Continental AG, decreasing car sales in Europe and China took a toll on the manufacturer. In November, Continental announced sales growth of just under 1% for 2018 compared to 8.5% in 2017. Shares tumbled some 46% over the past year.

舍弗勒汽車公司由喬治?舍弗勒和他的母親所擁有，其接管德國輪胎和汽車零部件公司大陸集團10年後，在歐洲和中國汽車銷量的下降給製造商帶來了損失。11月，大陸集團宣布2018年的銷售額增長略低於1%，而2017年的增幅為8.5%。股價在過去一年下跌了46%左右。

4. Ma Huateng

4. 馬化騰

–$10.1 billion

- 101億美元

Net worth: $35.1 billion

凈資產：351億美元

It』s been a tough year for internet giant Tencent, led by Ma, who was formerly China』s richest person. Shares tumbled more than 25% after a freeze in new game approvals and a drop in quarterly profits. In mid-December it listed its music streaming subsidiary Tencent Music Entertainment on the New York Stock Exchange.

對於馬化騰領導的互聯網巨頭騰訊來說，這也是艱難的一年。馬化騰曾是中國首富。在新遊戲審批凍結和季度利潤下滑後，該公司股價下跌了25%以上。12月中旬，該公司旗下的音樂流媒體子公司騰訊音樂娛樂在紐約證券交易所上市。

5. Carlos Slim Helú

5. 卡洛斯?斯利姆?埃盧

–$9.3 billion

- 93億美元

Net worth: $56.8 billion

凈資產：568億美元

A stronger U.S. dollar in 2018 hurt emerging markets and currencies in Latin America, where Slim Helú』s America Movil is the largest telecom company. Its stock price fell 19% in the past year.

2018年美元走強損害了拉美的新興市場和貨幣，斯利姆?埃盧的美洲移動是拉美最大的電信公司。其股價在過去一年中下跌了19%。

6. Jorge Paulo Lemann

6. 豪爾赫?保羅?萊曼

–$9.2 billion

- 92億美元

Net worth: $20. billion

凈值：200億美元

In late October, Anheuser-Busch InBev—where Lemann is a controlling shareholder—announced a 50% cut to its proposed dividend for 2018 after reporting declining beer sales. He also owns a stake in food and beverage company Kraft Heinz, which hit a rough patch: Net income fell 33% in the third quarter compared to the prior year.

10月底，在啤酒銷量下滑後，百威英博集團宣布該公司2018年的股息削減了50%。萊曼是英博的控股股東。他還持有食品和飲料公司卡夫亨氏的股份，亨氏目前處境艱難：第三季度凈利潤同比下降33%。

7. Charoen Sirivadhanabhakdi

7. 蘇旭明

–$7.24 billion

- 72.4億美元

Net worth: $12.8 billion

凈資產：128億美元

Shares of alcoholic drinks firm Thai Beverage fell 39% in the past year amid declining profits. The company, in which Sirivadhanabhakdi has a controlling stake, cited a tough domestic alcoholic beverage market and more cautious lower-income consumers as reasons for the drop.

由於利潤下滑，酒精飲料公司泰國釀酒的股價在過去一年下跌了39%。蘇旭明持有該公司控股權。該公司表示，國內酒精飲料市場形勢嚴峻，低收入消費者更為謹慎，是銷量下滑的原因。

8. Pollyanna Chu

8. 朱李月華

–$7.2 billion

- 72億美元

Net worth: $2 billion

凈資產：20億美元

Hong Kong entrepreneur』s Kingston Financial Group lost more than three quarters of its market value in the past year as the casino and financial services company reported a 35% decline in net profit in the six months through September 2018.

過去一年，這位中國香港企業家旗下的金利豐金融集團有限公司市值縮水逾四分之三，這家賭場業和金融服務公司報告稱，在截至2018年9月的6個月里，凈利潤下降了35%。

9. Wang Wei

9. 王衛

–$6.7 billion

- 67億美元

Net worth: $13 billion

凈資產：130億美元

Nicknamed 「China』s Fedex,」 delivery services firm S.F. Holding』s shares slumped more than 30% in the past 12 months in concert with declines at China』s large e-commerce firms. Wei, who chairs the Shenzhen-based company, owns more than 60% of its stock.

快遞服務公司順豐控股被稱為「中國的聯邦快遞」，其股價在過去12個月里暴跌了30%以上，與此同時，中國大型電子商務公司的股價也出現了下跌。總部位於深圳的順豐公司總裁王衛持有該公司60%以上的股份。

10. Zhou Qunfei

10. 周群飛

–$6.3 billion

- 63億美元

Net worth: $3.5 billion

凈資產：35億美元

Count Zhou, who earlier was the richest self-made woman in the world, among the casualties of the trade war; stock of her smartphone-screen glass maker Lens Technology crashed a colossal 64% in the past year. A Chinese court injunction in December prohibiting the sale of older iPhone models may only compound its troubles.

在受貿易戰影響的人中，周群飛曾是世界上最富有的白手起家的女性。去年，她的智能手機屏幕玻璃製造商藍思科技的股價暴跌64%。12月，中國法院頒布禁令，禁止銷售老款iPhone，這可能會加劇該公司的問題。

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